Islamic literature describes Shem as one of the believing sons of Noah. Some sources even identify Shem as a prophet in his own right and that he was the next prophet after his father.[6]
Geographic identifications for the Sons of Noah (Flavius Josephus, c. 100 AD); Shem's sons are in green.
Genesis 10:21 refers to relative ages of Shem and his brother Japheth, but with sufficient ambiguity to have yielded different English translations. The verse is translated in the King James Version as: "Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born."[7] However, the New American Standard Bible gives: "Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the older brother of Japheth, children were born".[8]
22 The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram. 23 And the sons of Aram: Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash. 24 And Arpachshad begot Shelah; and Shelah begot Eber. 25 And unto Eber were born two sons; the name of the one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan. 26 And Joktan begot Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah; 27 and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah; 28 and Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba; 29 and Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab; all these were the sons of Joktan. 30 And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest toward Sephar, unto the mountain of the east. 31 These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations. 32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations; and of these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood.[9]
Genesis 11
Genesis 11:10 records that Shem was 100 years old at the birth of Arphaxad, two years after the flood; and that he lived for another 500 years after this, making his age at death 600 years.
Excerpts from Genesis 11:10–27—(Jewish Publication Society translation of 1917):
'Shem was a hundred years old, and begot Arpachshad two years after the flood. ... Arpachshad lived five and thirty years, and begot Shelah. 13 And Arpachshad lived after he begot Shelah ... Shelah lived thirty years, and begot Eber. ... Eber lived four and thirty years, and begot Peleg. ... Peleg lived thirty years, and begot Reu. ... Reu lived two and thirty years, and begot Serug. '... Serug lived thirty years, and begot Nahor. ... Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begot Terah. ... Terah lived seventy years, and begot Abram, Nahor, and Haran. ... and Haran begot Lot.
In later Jewish sources
The 1st-century historian Flavius Josephus told a legendary, non-scriptural account that Shem's five sons were the progenitors of the nations of Elam, Assyria, Chaldea, Lydia, and Levantine, respectively.[10]
A rabbinic document that surfaced in the 17th century, claiming to be the lost Book of Jasher, provides some names not found in any other source.[clarification needed]
In Islam
Sunni Islam
Shem is regarded by scholars to be the successor to Noah, receiving prophetic knowledge, enlightenment, and leadership of his people. Shem was also one of the people whom God had Jesus resurrect as a sign to the Children of Israel.[11] Early Islamic historians like Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Hisham always included Shem's name in the genealogy of Muhammad.[12]
Shi'a Islam
In a Shiite tradition Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq has narrated to his companions that Jibrael visited Noah close to the time of his death, relaying God's message: "Oh Noah! Your prophethood has expired and your days are complete, so look to the Great Name, the inheritance and effects of the knowledge of prophethood, and hand these over to your son, Sam (Shem), for I do not leave the Earth except that there is a knowledgeable one by which obedience to Me (God) can be recognized..."[13]
In Gnosticism
The Paraphrase of Shem, which contains ideas unique to other Gnostic scriptures,[14] states that Shem was the first being on Earth. Unlike traditional Sethian literature, Seth is not seen as the father of the followers of Gnosticism, rather it is Shem, who receives a divine revelation from a spiritual savior named Derkedeas. Shem later helps bring his universal teaching of secret knowledge to humanity before the forces of darkness attempt to destroy the world with a great flood.[15]
According to Mandaean beliefs and scriptures, Shem is cognate with the angelic soteriological figure Sam Ziwa.[16][page needed] Shem is considered the progenitor of the Mandaeans and a prophet.[17][18]
^Stories of the Prophets, Ibn Kathir, Story of Jesus
^Ibn Ishāq, Sīrat Rasūl Allāh, tr. A. Guillaume (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 3
^al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb (2015). Al-Kafi (Volume 8 ed.). NY: Islamic Seminary Incorporated. ISBN9780991430864.
^Meyer, Marvin; Barnstone, Willis (June 30, 2009). "The Paraphrase of Shem". The Gnostic Bible. Shambhala. p. 438. ISBN9780834824140. The document defies any obvious classification: though gnostic, it shares few features with other Sethian literature
^Gelbert, Carlos (2011). Ginza Rba. Sydney: Living Water Books. ISBN9780958034630.
^Brikhah S. Nasoraia (2012). "Sacred Text and Esoteric Praxis in Sabian Mandaean Religion" (PDF). p. 45.
^Drower, Ethel Stefana (1937). The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran. Oxford At The Clarendon Press. p. 186.
Bibliography
Kishik, David (2018). The Book of Shem: On Genesis before Abraham. Stanford University Press. ISBN9781503606760.
External links
Look up Shem in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sem (Shem)" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
May 20, 2023
shem, other, uses, disambiguation, hebrew, Šēm, arabic, ام, romanized, sām, sons, noah, bible, genesis, chronicles, quran, noah, 16th, century, depiction, guillaume, rouilléchildrenelamashurarphaxadludaramparentnoah, father, familyjapheth, brothers, japheth, j. For other uses see Shem disambiguation Shem ʃ ɛ m Hebrew ש ם Sem Arabic س ام romanized Sam a was one of the sons of Noah in the Bible Genesis 5 11 1 and 1 Chronicles 1 4 and the Quran ShemShem son of Noah 16th century depiction by Guillaume RouilleChildrenElamAshurArphaxadLudAramParentNoah father FamilyJapheth and Ham brothers Shem Ham and Japheth by James Tissot 1904 The children of Shem were Elam Ashur Arphaxad Lud and Aram in addition to unnamed daughters Abraham the patriarch of Jews Christians and Muslims was one of the descendants of Arphaxad In medieval and early modern European tradition he was considered to be the ancestor of the peoples of Asia 2 3 4 and he gives his name to the title Semites formerly given to West Asian peoples 5 Islamic literature describes Shem as one of the believing sons of Noah Some sources even identify Shem as a prophet in his own right and that he was the next prophet after his father 6 Geographic identifications for the Sons of Noah Flavius Josephus c 100 AD Shem s sons are in green Contents 1 In the Bible 1 1 Genesis 10 1 2 Genesis 11 2 In later Jewish sources 3 In Islam 3 1 Sunni Islam 3 2 Shi a Islam 4 In Gnosticism 5 In Mandaeism 6 Family tree 7 In popular culture 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 Bibliography 12 External linksIn the Bible EditGenesis 10 Edit Genesis 10 21 refers to relative ages of Shem and his brother Japheth but with sufficient ambiguity to have yielded different English translations The verse is translated in the King James Version as Unto Shem also the father of all the children of Eber the brother of Japheth the elder even to him were children born 7 However the New American Standard Bible gives Also to Shem the father of all the children of Eber and the older brother of Japheth children were born 8 According to Genesis 10 22 31 Jewish Publication Society translation of 1917 22 The sons of Shem Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad and Lud and Aram 23 And the sons of Aram Uz and Hul and Gether and Mash 24 And Arpachshad begot Shelah and Shelah begot Eber 25 And unto Eber were born two sons the name of the one was Peleg for in his days was the earth divided and his brother s name was Joktan 26 And Joktan begot Almodad and Sheleph and Hazarmaveth and Jerah 27 and Hadoram and Uzal and Diklah 28 and Obal and Abimael and Sheba 29 and Ophir and Havilah and Jobab all these were the sons of Joktan 30 And their dwelling was from Mesha as thou goest toward Sephar unto the mountain of the east 31 These are the sons of Shem after their families after their tongues in their lands after their nations 32 These are the families of the sons of Noah after their generations in their nations and of these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood 9 Genesis 11 Edit Genesis 11 10 records that Shem was 100 years old at the birth of Arphaxad two years after the flood and that he lived for another 500 years after this making his age at death 600 years Excerpts from Genesis 11 10 27 Jewish Publication Society translation of 1917 Shem was a hundred years old and begot Arpachshad two years after the flood Arpachshad lived five and thirty years and begot Shelah 13 And Arpachshad lived after he begot Shelah Shelah lived thirty years and begot Eber Eber lived four and thirty years and begot Peleg Peleg lived thirty years and begot Reu Reu lived two and thirty years and begot Serug Serug lived thirty years and begot Nahor Nahor lived nine and twenty years and begot Terah Terah lived seventy years and begot Abram Nahor and Haran and Haran begot Lot In later Jewish sources EditThe 1st century historian Flavius Josephus told a legendary non scriptural account that Shem s five sons were the progenitors of the nations of Elam Assyria Chaldea Lydia and Levantine respectively 10 According to some Jewish traditions e g B Talmud Nedarim 32b Genesis Rabbah 46 7 Genesis Rabbah 56 10 Leviticus Rabbah 25 6 Numbers Rabbah 4 8 Shem is believed to have been Melchizedek King of Salem whom Abraham is recorded to have met after the Battle of the Four Kings citation needed A rabbinic document that surfaced in the 17th century claiming to be the lost Book of Jasher provides some names not found in any other source clarification needed In Islam EditSunni Islam Edit Shem is regarded by scholars to be the successor to Noah receiving prophetic knowledge enlightenment and leadership of his people Shem was also one of the people whom God had Jesus resurrect as a sign to the Children of Israel 11 Early Islamic historians like Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Hisham always included Shem s name in the genealogy of Muhammad 12 Shi a Islam Edit In a Shiite tradition Imam Ja far al Sadiq has narrated to his companions that Jibrael visited Noah close to the time of his death relaying God s message Oh Noah Your prophethood has expired and your days are complete so look to the Great Name the inheritance and effects of the knowledge of prophethood and hand these over to your son Sam Shem for I do not leave the Earth except that there is a knowledgeable one by which obedience to Me God can be recognized 13 In Gnosticism EditThe Paraphrase of Shem which contains ideas unique to other Gnostic scriptures 14 states that Shem was the first being on Earth Unlike traditional Sethian literature Seth is not seen as the father of the followers of Gnosticism rather it is Shem who receives a divine revelation from a spiritual savior named Derkedeas Shem later helps bring his universal teaching of secret knowledge to humanity before the forces of darkness attempt to destroy the world with a great flood 15 In Mandaeism EditMain article Sam Ziwa According to Mandaean beliefs and scriptures Shem is cognate with the angelic soteriological figure Sam Ziwa 16 page needed Shem is considered the progenitor of the Mandaeans and a prophet 17 18 Family tree EditSee also Abraham s family tree The following family tree contains information from the Hebrew Bible without data from any other sources ShemElamAshurArpachshadLudAramSalahUzHulGetherMashEberPelegJoktanReuAlmodadShelephHazarmavethJerahHadoramUzalDiklahObalAbimaelShebaOphirHavilahJobabSerugNahorTerahAbrahamSarahNahorHaranIn popular culture Edit This T and O map from the first printed version of Isidore s Etymologiae Augsburg 1472 identifies the three known continents Asia Europe and Africa as respectively populated by descendants of Sem Shem Iafeth Japheth and Cham Ham Year Film Actor Note1928 Noah s Ark Malcolm Waite Second role1936 The Green Pastures Ray Martin All black cast1966 The Bible In the Beginning Peter Heinze1988 Stowaways on the Ark Stefan Gossler Named as Sam 1999 Noah s Ark miniseries Mark Bazeley2007 Noah s Ark Oscar Cheda Animation film2014 Noah Gavin Casalegno juvenile Douglas Booth adult 2015 The Ark Michael FoxSee also EditWives aboard the ArkNotes Edit Greek Shm Sḗm Ge ez ሴም SemReferences Edit Genesis 5 32 6 10 7 13 9 18 23 26 27 10 11 10 Reynolds Susan October 1983 Medieval Origines Gentium and the Community of the Realm History Chichester West Sussex Wiley Blackwell 68 224 375 390 doi 10 1111 j 1468 229X 1983 tb02193 x JSTOR 24417596 Javakhishvili Ivane 1950 Historical Ethnological problems of Georgia the Caucasus and the Near East Tbilisi pp 130 135 in Georgian Kidd 2004 pp 28 31 sfn error no target CITEREFKidd2004 help Who Are the Semites Scott B Noegel and Brannon M Wheeler 2002 Shem In the Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism p 301 Genesis 10 21 KJV Genesis 10 21 NASB Genesis 10 22 31 The Holy Scriptures Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1917 Flavius Josephus Antiquities of the Jews trans William Whiston University of Cambridge 1737 book 1 ch 6 v 4 online at https penelope uchicago edu josephus ant 1 html Stories of the Prophets Ibn Kathir Story of Jesus Ibn Ishaq Sirat Rasul Allah tr A Guillaume Oxford Oxford University Press 2004 p 3 al Kulayni Muhammad ibn Ya qub 2015 Al Kafi Volume 8 ed NY Islamic Seminary Incorporated ISBN 9780991430864 Meyer Marvin Barnstone Willis June 30 2009 The Paraphrase of Shem The Gnostic Bible Shambhala p 438 ISBN 9780834824140 The document defies any obvious classification though gnostic it shares few features with other Sethian literature Marvin Meyer Willis Barnstone June 30 2009 The Paraphrase of Shem The Gnostic Bible Shambhala ISBN 9781590306314 Retrieved 2022 02 14 Gelbert Carlos 2011 Ginza Rba Sydney Living Water Books ISBN 9780958034630 Brikhah S Nasoraia 2012 Sacred Text and Esoteric Praxis in Sabian Mandaean Religion PDF p 45 Drower Ethel Stefana 1937 The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran Oxford At The Clarendon Press p 186 Bibliography EditKishik David 2018 The Book of Shem On Genesis before Abraham Stanford University Press ISBN 9781503606760 External links Edit Look up Shem in Wiktionary the free dictionary Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Sem Shem Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shem amp oldid 1149205562, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
