Hazrat Sayyid Usman Marwandi, (1177 - 19 February 1274) popularly known as Lal Shahbaz Qalandar (لعل شھباز قلندر), was a Sufi saint and poet of present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan.[1]
Lal Shahbaz Qalandar was born in Marwand, Sistan to a family from Baghdad. He eventually settled in Sindh and helped many people in converting to Islam and was revered by the local Sindhi population. Lal Shahbaz Qalandar had also been reputed for performing many miracles and was seen as a very holy figure in Sindh.[4]
The 19th century spiritual Sufi Manqabat Dama Dam Mast Qalandar is dedicated to Lal Shahbaz Qalandar and is widely popular in the sub-continent.
He is called Lal ("ruby-coloured") because of the ruby-like glow on his face/forehead and "Shahbaz" to denote a noble and divine spirit and "Qalandar" as he was a wandering spiritual man.[1]
Lal Shahbaz Qalandar is sometimes called Jhulelal (Sindhi: جھولےلال).[5][1] The term Jhulelal means "red bridegroom". According to the Garland Encyclopedia, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar was referred to as Jhulelal (red bridegroom) because he was promised marriage to a daughter of his friend, but the friend died and later his friend's son refused to allow the agreed upon marriage, which caused Lal Shahbaz Qalandar grief.[6]
A contemporary of Rumi, he travelled around the Muslim world and settled in Sehwan, Sindh where he was eventually buried.[8] There is evidence of his presence in Sindh in 1196 when he met Pir Haji Ismail Panhwar of Paat and he is believed to have arrived in Sehwan around 1251. There he established a meeting house (khanqah), taught in the Fuqhai Islam Madarrsah and wrote his treatises Mizan-us-Surf, Kism-e-Doyum, Aqd and Zubdah. Lal Shahbaz lived a celibate life.[1]
The shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar was built by Feroz Shah Tughlaq in 1356,[9] expanded by Mirza Jani Beg[10] and his son Mirza Ghazi Beg of Tarkhan Dynasty, but was not completed until 1639, when Nawab Dindar Khan paved the courtyard with glazed tiles.[11] The silver work on the gate, the balustrade around the tomb and the top of the dome was gifted by Mir Karam Ali Talpur of Talpur Dynasty.[11] Later on the shrine was decorated with Sindhi 'kashi-tiles', mirror-work and a gold-plated door was installed by the late Prime Minister of Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.[citation needed] The inner sanctum is about 100 square yards with a silver-canopied grave in the middle, according to Nadeem Wagan, Cutharo silver donated by Sardar Mahboob Ali Khan Wagan (Chief Sardar of Wagan Tribe) on one side of the marble floor is a row of about 12-inch-high (300 mm) folding wooden stands, on which there is a set of copies of the Quran for devotees to read. On the other side, beside a bundle of incense, are rows of oil-lamps lighted by devotees. Thousands of devotees visit the tomb particularly every Thursday.[12][13] The shrine is considered being the chief shrine for malangs and qalandars - adherents of a distinct Sufi order inspired by the teachings of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar.
Mela / Urs (Annual Fair)
Lal Shahbaz's annual Urs (death anniversary), held on the 18 Sha'aban – the eighth month of the Muslim lunar calendar, brings more than two million pilgrims from all over Pakistan and parts of India, Bangladesh. Essentially, it is a south Asian affair.[14]
On 16 February 2017, a group claimed responsibility for a suicide attack on the shrine, which resulted in the deaths of 88 people.[13] The following morning, the shrine's caretaker continued the daily tradition of ringing the shrine's bell at 3:30 A.M. and defiantly vowed that he would not be intimidated by the terrorists. Pakistani government and security forces have also launched a nationwide security crackdown and have recently killed 37 terrorists.[15] The shrine's dhamaal, or meditative dancing ceremony, was resumed the very next evening following the attack.[12]
^ abcdef"The Sufi in red Pakistan Today". archive.pakistantoday.com.pk. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
^Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004). Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia, Volume 3. p. 493. ISBN1576073556.
^ abcdeLohar, Masood (5 October 2004). "Saint revered by people of all religions". DAWN (newspaper). Retrieved 14 February 2018.
^Sells, Michael (1 January 1995). Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qur'an, Mi'raj, Poetic and Theological Writings (1 ed.). Paulist Press. ISBN0809136198.
^Kugle, Scott (5 March 2007). Sufis and Saints' Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality, and Sacred Power in Islam. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN978-0807857892.
^The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent, Garland Publishing, 1998, p. 760, ISBN9780824049461
^Hasan, Masudul (1965). Hand Book of Important Places in West Pakistan. Lahore: Pakistan Social Service Foundation. p. 21.
^Balfour, Edward (1885). The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Volume 3. B. Quaritch. p. 562.
^ abJournal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 68. Asia: Bishop's College Press. 1899. p. 32.
^ ab"Pakistan's Sufis defiant after Islamic State attack on shrine kills 83". Reuters News Agency. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
^ ab"Sehwan bombing toll reaches 88, over 250 injured". The News International (newspaper). 17 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
^"In all its glory, Qalandar's urs culminates in Sehwan". The Express Tribune (newspaper). 18 May 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
^"37 terrorists killed in security crackdown after Sehwan bombing". The News International (newspaper). 17 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
January 07, 2023
shahbaz, qalandar, hazrat, sayyid, usman, marwandi, 1177, february, 1274, popularly, known, لعل, شھباز, قلندر, sufi, saint, poet, present, pakistan, afghanistan, sayyid, usman, marwanditomb, sehwantitleqalandarpersonalbornusman1177, marwand, died19, february, . Hazrat Sayyid Usman Marwandi 1177 19 February 1274 popularly known as Lal Shahbaz Qalandar لعل شھباز قلندر was a Sufi saint and poet of present day Pakistan and Afghanistan 1 Sayyid Usman MarwandiTomb of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in SehwanTitleQalandarPersonalBornUsman1177 1 Marwand 2 Died19 February 1274 1274 02 19 aged 96 97 1 Sehwan present day Sindh Pakistan ReligionIslamParentSayyid Kabiruddin father 3 Other namesLal Shahbaz QalandarMuslim leaderBased inSehwanPeriod in office12th 13th centuryLal Shahbaz Qalandar was born in Marwand Sistan to a family from Baghdad He eventually settled in Sindh and helped many people in converting to Islam and was revered by the local Sindhi population Lal Shahbaz Qalandar had also been reputed for performing many miracles and was seen as a very holy figure in Sindh 4 The 19th century spiritual Sufi Manqabat Dama Dam Mast Qalandar is dedicated to Lal Shahbaz Qalandar and is widely popular in the sub continent Contents 1 Names 2 Life 3 Shrine 3 1 Mela Urs Annual Fair 3 2 The 2017 terrorist attack 4 See also 5 ReferencesNames Tomb of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar also known as Jhulelal Qalandar in Sindh Pakistan He is called Lal ruby coloured because of the ruby like glow on his face forehead and Shahbaz to denote a noble and divine spirit and Qalandar as he was a wandering spiritual man 1 Lal Shahbaz Qalandar is sometimes called Jhulelal Sindhi جھولےلال 5 1 The term Jhulelal means red bridegroom According to the Garland Encyclopedia Lal Shahbaz Qalandar was referred to as Jhulelal red bridegroom because he was promised marriage to a daughter of his friend but the friend died and later his friend s son refused to allow the agreed upon marriage which caused Lal Shahbaz Qalandar grief 6 LifeLal Shahbaz Qalandar son of Syed Kabeeruddin 3 was born in Marwand to parents from Baghdad Iraq He later settled in Sehwan Sindh under the reign of the Ghaznavid and Ghurids today s Punjab Pakistan 7 A contemporary of Rumi he travelled around the Muslim world and settled in Sehwan Sindh where he was eventually buried 8 There is evidence of his presence in Sindh in 1196 when he met Pir Haji Ismail Panhwar of Paat and he is believed to have arrived in Sehwan around 1251 There he established a meeting house khanqah taught in the Fuqhai Islam Madarrsah and wrote his treatises Mizan us Surf Kism e Doyum Aqd and Zubdah Lal Shahbaz lived a celibate life 1 In Multan he met Baha ud din Zakariya of the Suhrawardiyya order Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar of the Chishtiyya and Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari The friendship of these four became legendary They were known as the Chahar Yar In Persian the four friends 3 According to some historians the four friends visited various parts of Sindh and Punjab in present day Pakistan 3 This was also the time period when Ghiyas ud din Balban reigned 1266 1287 ruled India 3 Shrine Gateway to the shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar Interior of the shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar in Sehwan Main article Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar The shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar was built by Feroz Shah Tughlaq in 1356 9 expanded by Mirza Jani Beg 10 and his son Mirza Ghazi Beg of Tarkhan Dynasty but was not completed until 1639 when Nawab Dindar Khan paved the courtyard with glazed tiles 11 The silver work on the gate the balustrade around the tomb and the top of the dome was gifted by Mir Karam Ali Talpur of Talpur Dynasty 11 Later on the shrine was decorated with Sindhi kashi tiles mirror work and a gold plated door was installed by the late Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto citation needed The inner sanctum is about 100 square yards with a silver canopied grave in the middle according to Nadeem Wagan Cutharo silver donated by Sardar Mahboob Ali Khan Wagan Chief Sardar of Wagan Tribe on one side of the marble floor is a row of about 12 inch high 300 mm folding wooden stands on which there is a set of copies of the Quran for devotees to read On the other side beside a bundle of incense are rows of oil lamps lighted by devotees Thousands of devotees visit the tomb particularly every Thursday 12 13 The shrine is considered being the chief shrine for malangs and qalandars adherents of a distinct Sufi order inspired by the teachings of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar Mela Urs Annual Fair Lal Shahbaz s annual Urs death anniversary held on the 18 Sha aban the eighth month of the Muslim lunar calendar brings more than two million pilgrims from all over Pakistan and parts of India Bangladesh Essentially it is a south Asian affair 14 The 2017 terrorist attack Main article 2017 Lal Shahbaz Qalandar Shrine Suicide Bombing On 16 February 2017 a group claimed responsibility for a suicide attack on the shrine which resulted in the deaths of 88 people 13 The following morning the shrine s caretaker continued the daily tradition of ringing the shrine s bell at 3 30 A M and defiantly vowed that he would not be intimidated by the terrorists Pakistani government and security forces have also launched a nationwide security crackdown and have recently killed 37 terrorists 15 The shrine s dhamaal or meditative dancing ceremony was resumed the very next evening following the attack 12 See alsoRabia Basri 2017 Lal Shahbaz Qalandar Shrine Suicide Bombing Bodla Bahar Syed Nadir Ali ShahReferences a b c d e f The Sufi in red Pakistan Today archive pakistantoday com pk Retrieved 11 August 2021 Jestice Phyllis G 2004 Holy People of the World A Cross cultural Encyclopedia Volume 3 p 493 ISBN 1576073556 a b c d e Lohar Masood 5 October 2004 Saint revered by people of all religions DAWN newspaper Retrieved 14 February 2018 Sells Michael 1 January 1995 Early Islamic Mysticism Sufi Qur an Mi raj Poetic and Theological Writings 1 ed Paulist Press ISBN 0809136198 Kugle Scott 5 March 2007 Sufis and Saints Bodies Mysticism Corporeality and Sacred Power in Islam The University of North Carolina Press ISBN 978 0807857892 The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music South Asia the Indian subcontinent Garland Publishing 1998 p 760 ISBN 9780824049461 N B G Qazi 1971 Lal Shahbaz Qalandar Usman Marwandi RCD Cultural Institute M Inam 1978 Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalandar of Sehwan Sharif Karachi Hasan Masudul 1965 Hand Book of Important Places in West Pakistan Lahore Pakistan Social Service Foundation p 21 Balfour Edward 1885 The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia Volume 3 B Quaritch p 562 a b Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Volume 68 Asia Bishop s College Press 1899 p 32 a b Pakistan s Sufis defiant after Islamic State attack on shrine kills 83 Reuters News Agency 17 February 2017 Retrieved 14 February 2018 a b Sehwan bombing toll reaches 88 over 250 injured The News International newspaper 17 February 2017 Retrieved 14 February 2018 In all its glory Qalandar s urs culminates in Sehwan The Express Tribune newspaper 18 May 2017 Retrieved 14 February 2018 37 terrorists killed in security crackdown after Sehwan bombing The News International newspaper 17 February 2017 Retrieved 14 February 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lal Shahbaz Qalandar amp oldid 1128874395, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
