Sepulveda Transit Corridor

The Sepulveda Transit Corridor Project is a two-phased planned transit corridor project that aims to connect the Los Angeles Basin to the San Fernando Valley through Sepulveda Pass in Los Angeles, California, by supplementing the existing I-405 freeway through the pass. The corridor would partly parallel I-405, and proposed alternatives include heavy rail rapid transit (a subway) or a monorail line connecting the G Line in the Valley to the D Line and E Line on the Westside, and the K Line near Los Angeles International Airport.^[1]

Sepulveda Transit Corridor Project
Sepulveda Pass and I-405, as seen from the Getty Center Tram in 2008
Overview
Status	Planned
Locale	San Fernando Valley Westside
Service
Type	Rapid transit or Monorail
System	Metro
History
Planned opening	2033–2035
Route map v t e Legend Alternative 1 (MRT) East Valley Light Rail Van Nuys Metrolink to Van Nuys G Line Sherman Way Maintenance facility Sepulveda   US 101 I-405 Santa Monica Mountains Getty Center Westwood/VA Hospital   ( to UCLA) Santa Monica Boulevard Expo/Sepulveda   Alternative 2 (MRT+APM) East Valley Light Rail Van Nuys Metrolink to Van Nuys G Line Sherman Way Maintenance facility Sepulveda   US 101 I-405 Santa Monica Mountains Getty Center UCLA via automated people mover   Westwood/UCLA   Santa Monica Boulevard Expo/Sepulveda   Alternative 3 (MRT) East Valley Light Rail Van Nuys Metrolink to Van Nuys G Line Sherman Way Maintenance facility Sepulveda   US 101 I-405 Santa Monica Mountains Getty Center UCLA Westwood/UCLA   Santa Monica Boulevard Expo/Sepulveda   Alternative 4 (HRT) East Valley Light Rail Van Nuys Metrolink to Van Nuys G Line Sherman Way Sepulveda   Ventura/Sepulveda Santa Monica Mountains UCLA Westwood/UCLA   Santa Monica Boulevard Expo/Sepulveda   Phase 2 Alternative 5 (HRT) East Valley Light Rail Van Nuys Metrolink to Van Nuys G Line Sherman Way Sepulveda   Ventura/Sepulveda Santa Monica Mountains UCLA Westwood/UCLA   Santa Monica Boulevard Expo/Sepulveda   Phase 2 Alternative 6 (HRT) East Valley Light Rail Van Nuys Metrolink Van Nuys   Ventura/Van Nuys Santa Monica Mountains UCLA Westwood/UCLA   Santa Monica Boulevard Expo/Bundy   Phase 2

I-405 over Sepulveda Pass between I-10 and US 101, which the proposed transit line will run parallel to, is the busiest highway corridor in the United States, serving 379,000 vehicles per day.^[2]

Currently, LA Metro services the Sepulveda Pass corridor with Route 761, which uses Sepulveda Boulevard to traverse Sepulveda Pass. Its southern terminus is Expo/Sepulveda station on the E Line, and connects to the G Line at its Van Nuys station and Amtrak and Metrolink at their Van Nuys station, before terminating at Sylmar/San Fernando station. It takes about an hour to connect the E and G Lines.^[3] Route 233 serves Sepulveda Pass at night.^[4]

Overview

 

Rail system map included in the official 1980 Proposition A election pamphlet, including the Sepulveda Transit Corridor

The line is a long-established goal in Los Angeles transit planning. Proposition A, which imposed a half-cent sales tax in Los Angeles County to fund a regional transit system, was passed in 1980, and a Sepulveda Pass line was in the project map that was part of the proposition's documentation.

The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) has $10 billion in funds available for construction planned to begin in 2026.^[5] The plan included in the Measure M transportation funding measure is to build improvements in three stages: additional lanes to be used for express bus service to open by 2028, an 8.8-mile (14.2 km) transit project between the G Line's Van Nuys Station and the D Line Extension’s Wilshire/Westwood Station by 2035, and a planned extension to LAX with a 2059 completion date.^[6][7] In April 2017, Metro issued a request for proposal to study alternatives, and several companies sent unsolicited proposals to accelerate the project via public-private partnerships.^[8] The project's timeline could be accelerated under the Twenty-eight by '28 initiative.^[9]

Initial proposed routings and modes

In June 2018, Metro released its initial six alternative rail concepts for the corridor. All of the proposals provided connections between the G Line (at Sepulveda, Van Nuys, or both) and the E Line (at Expo/Sepulveda or Expo/Bundy), as well as to the D Line Extension, currently under construction, and to the East San Fernando Valley Light Rail Transit Project, currently being planned. The proposals fell into four categories:

• A standalone heavy rail (HRT) line, primarily underground but possibly with some elevated sections in the Valley.
• A continuation of the East San Fernando Valley Light Rail Transit Project, primarily underground but with a possible elevated spur to Sepulveda station.
• A monorail or rubber-tired metro line, underground on the Westside, elevated in the Valley, and running at grade or elevated along the 405.
• An further extension of the heavy rail D Line, with a wye that would allow direct connections between the Valley and the E Line as well as from both to downtown. This option would be mostly underground but could include elevated sections in the Valley.^[10]

In January 2019, Metro released a refined second set of rail concepts for the corridor, eliminating light rail and rubber-tired metro technology from consideration and narrowing it down to four concepts:^[5]

• Three routings for a heavy rail line, primarily underground but possibly with some elevated sections in the Valley.
• A monorail, underground on the Westside, elevated in the Valley along Sepulveda Boulevard, and running at grade or elevated along the 405, terminating at the Van Nuys Metrolink station.

In July 2019, Metro released a third refined rail concept after community input. These mainly covered the same routes but with a station added at Santa Monica Boulevard Station in reaction to public feedback. Both costs and ridership projections were higher for these proposals.

The feasibility study for both phases was completed and presented in November 2019,^[11] with no significant refinement from the July 2019 presentation. The study said that additional research was needed on whether the project would need to relocate or maneuver around a nine-foot wide DWP water pipe called the "Sepulveda Feeder."^[12] Additional studies were also called for on general station locations, tunnel design configuration, rider transfer patterns, and the identification of costs and cost reductions. The study also called for more information to be gathered on the impact of the Santa Monica Fault near Santa Monica Boulevard. The Metro Board then commenced the NEPA and CEQA scoping process.

Two engineering firms were chosen to prepare pre-development materials for the two potential modes. Monorail proposals were developed by BYD LA SkyRail Express, while heavy rail (HRT) work proposals were prepared by Bechtel.^[13] By December 2021, six alternatives had been prepared for further consideration: three heavy rail and three monorail (one of which included a separate automated people mover to serve UCLA).^[14]

Phase One: Valley–Westside

Initial alternatives analysis

In November 2021, the CEQA notice for the project alternatives was released, with an environmental scoping period to begin in February 2022. Rail options were refined to three monorail and three heavy rail alternatives. Monorail options 1 and 2 did not include a station on the UCLA campus and proposed connecting transit options instead. The new alternatives are being considered for the Draft Environmental Impact Report^[15] north to south routes from the Valley to E Line were as follows:

DEIR Alternative^[5]	Description	Ridership (daily)^[16]	Estimated cost (billions)
Alternative-1: MRT w/ Aerial I-405 alignment^[17]	A monorail line heading west from the Van Nuys Metrolink station then heads south on Sepulveda Boulevard. Eight total aerial station stops, similar to Metro C line stations on the center medians of a freeway. Stops include Van Nuys G Line station, US-101 freeway, the Getty Center freeway entrance, I-405 station with a bus to UCLA, a station near Westwood D Line station (with a bus to UCLA) and at Santa Monica Boulevard before terminating at the Expo/Sepulveda station E Line. A 19-minute ride.	64,798	$^[18]
Alternative-2: MRT w/ Aerial I-405 alignment^[5]	Similar to Alt-1, A monorail line heading west from the Van Nuys Metrolink station then heads south on Sepulveda Boulevard. Eight total aerial station stops, similar to Metro C line stations on the center medians of a freeway. Stops include Van Nuys G Line station, US-101 freeway, and the Getty Center freeway entrance. Last three stations at Wilshire/I-405 (w/ APM to UCLA), Santa Monica Boulevard/I-405 and terminating at the Expo/Sepulveda station E Line. All along I-405. A 19-minute ride.	69,985	$
Alternative-3: MRT w/ I-405 alignment^[5]	Similar to Alt-1 except with a tunnel, A monorail line heading west from the Van Nuys Metrolink station then heads south on Sepulveda Boulevard. Nine total stops, including the Van Nuys G Line station, US-101 freeway, and the Getty Center freeway entrance. A 3.3-mile underground tunnel between the Getty Center/I-405 station with a station at UCLA and at Wilshire boulevard. Returning to aerial south of Wilshire Boulevard. Last two stations at Santa Monica Boulevard/I-405 before terminating at the Expo/Sepulveda station E Line. A 19-minute ride.	86,013	$
Alternative-4: HRT Sepulveda Blvd alignment^[17]	A Heavy Rail Transit line on Sepulveda Blvd., aerial in the San Fernando Valley and underground south of the Santa Monica Mountains. Eight total stations, Four aerial in the Valley and four underground in the Westside area. Includes a station on the UCLA campus. Would make direct transfer stations out of Wilshire/Westwood Station on the D Line and at Expo/Sepulveda station on the E Line. A 14-minute ride.	120,546	$
Alternative-5: HRT Sepulveda Blvd alignment^[17]	A Heavy Rail Transit line on Sepulveda Blvd., same Alignment as Alt: 4, all underground except northern terminus Van Nuys Metrolink station. Seven total stations before terminating at the Expo/Sepulveda station E Line. It would be a 14-minute ride.	121,624	$
Alternative-6: HRT All Underground Van Nuys Blvd alignment^[17]	A Heavy Rail Transit line down Van Nuys Blvd., Heads south from Van Nuys Metrolink station, all underground. Three stations in the Valley and four on the west side. The southern terminus would be Expo/Bundy station. Direct stations within UCLA, Wilshire/Westwood D line station. Seven total stations. It would be a 14-minute ride.	107,096	$

In April 2021, Metro advanced five routes to the next study stage, including three routes selected as part of Metro's public-private partnership solicitation for the line. The P3 proposals came from Bechtel and BYD Company, with Bechtel submitting the same heavy rail alignment and station proposals as HRT-4, and BYD submitting two monorail proposals that differed from the original MRT-1 alternative studied by Metro.^[19]

The following table shows all potential metro stations and the alternatives for which they apply:

Station Options^[20]	Alt. 1 MRT	Alt. 2 MRT	Alt. 3 MRT	Alt. 4 / 5^[a] HRT	Alt. 6 HRT	Connecting rail services^[21]	Community
Van Nuys (Metrolink)	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Amtrak: Pacific Surfliner & Coast Starlight   Metrolink:  Line Future station of the East San Fernando Valley Light Rail Transit Project.	Van Nuys
I-405\Sherman Way	Y	Y	Y	-	-		Van Nuys
Sepulveda Boulevard\Sherman Way	-	-	-	Y	-		Van Nuys
Sepulveda Boulevard (w/ G Line)	-	-	-	Y	-	G Line	Van Nuys
Van Nuys (Future Metro Station)	-	-	-	-	Y	G Line Future southern terminus station of the East San Fernando Valley Light Rail Transit Project.	Van Nuys
I-405\G Line	Y	Y	Y	-	-	G Line	Van Nuys
I-405\US 101	Y	Y	Y	-	-		Sherman Oaks
Ventura Boulevard/Van Nuys Boulevard	-	-	-	-	Y		Sherman Oaks
Ventura Boulevard/Sepulveda Boulevard	-	-	-	Y	-		Sherman Oaks
Getty Center	Y	Y	Y	-	-		Pass Area
Westwood/VA Hospital station	-	-	-	-	-	D Line (by 2027). Electric Bus per MRT 1, 2, and 3.	Westwood
UCLA	-	-	Y	Y	Y		Westwood
Westwood/UCLA	-	-	Y	Y	Y	D Line (by 2027)	Westwood
I-405\Wilshire Blvd	Y	Y	-	-	-	W/ Bus or people mover to UCLA.	Westwood
Santa Monica Boulevard	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y		West Los Angeles
Expo/Sepulveda	-	-	-	Y	-	E Line	West Los Angeles
Expo/Bundy	-	-	-	-	Y	E Line	West Los Angeles
Expo/I-405	Y	Y	Y	-	-		West Los Angeles

MSF Locations

Three Maintenance and Storage Facility (MSF) options are being proposed.^[18]

Monorail Maintenance and Storage Facility above existing Metro G Line Sepulveda Station Parking Lot. MRT 1, 2, and 3.

Van Nuys at Arminta. HRT 6.

Woodman at Van Nuys Metrolink Station. HRT 4 & 5.

Pre-Development

In March 2021, Metro awarded contracts to two firms to develop two alternatives to advance the project. A plan for conventional heavy rail (HRT) is being developed by Bechtel. The rival design is a monorail as planned by BYD LA SkyRail Express.^[22]

A scoping process carried out by Metro from November 2021 to February 2022 showed a majority of the public favoring heavy rail over monorail, 93% to 7% respectively.^[23] Heavy rail alternatives were cited by comments as having better transfer options to other lines, faster travel times, and more familiarity with the Los Angeles Metro Rail system.^[24] Results of an official public opinion survey conducted by Metro during July and August 2022 to gauge public opinions about the Sepulveda Transit Corridor Project were released in December 2022. After describing details of both rail types were presented to residents, an HRT underground option stood at 71% approval, with respondents citing shorter travel time and fewer surface impacts.^[25]

The Project is currently in the environmental review phase involving the development of an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and subsequently an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The Draft EIR will evaluate Project alternatives representing a range of rail transit modes, alignments, and station locations for the Sepulveda Transit Corridor Project. Once the Draft EIR has been completed and circulated for public comment, a Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA) will be recommended to the Metro Board of Directors. After the LPA is identified, the Final EIR, Draft EIS, and Final EIS will be prepared to complete the environmental review process.^[26]

In October of 2023, LA Metro released ridership estimates for the six Sepulveda Line options, with the results greatly favoring the heavy rail option. Estimates showed that the heavy rail alternatives (4-6) not only had higher ridership than the monorail alternatives (1-3) by between 21,000 to 57,000 daily riders, but the heavy rail alternatives also were 8-14 minutes faster and had quicker connections to other lines in the LA Metro system, such as the D Line and E Line.^[27] In addition, state assemblywoman Laura Friedman, chair of the California State Assembly Transportation Committee, implied her support the heavy rail alternatives, citing the monorail alternatives having their stations located in I-405 as well as the need for a station at UCLA. She did emphasize the need for consensus on the project.^[28]

Phase Two: Westside–LAX

Initial alternatives analysis

Early concepts for phase two from E Line to the (at the time unbuilt but now operational) K Line were released in 2019, with detailed connections to the under-construction LAX Automated People Mover.^[1] Metro hopes to complete the feasibility study by 2019 and begin an environmental impact review along with phase one.

There are two main modes for phase two of the corridor. Five proposed concepts begin at either Expo/Bundy station or Expo/Sepulveda station, contingent on the terminus of the first phase of the project. All routes terminate at the LAX/Metro Transit Center station, which is currently under construction as part of the Crenshaw/LAX Transit Corridor Project. This terminus station will offer transfers to the K Line and LAX Automated People Mover.^[5]

Concepts include routing south along Sepulveda Boulevard, Overland Boulevard, Centinela Boulevard, and I-405, with possible intermediate stops at Venice Boulevard, Culver City Transit Center, the Howard Hughes Center, and Sepulveda Boulevard at Manchester Boulevard. The Sepulveda Boulevard route option would be completed as below-grade heavy rail, while the I-405 option could be completed as either a combination of elevated and below-grade heavy rail or a combination of elevated and below-grade monorail.^[29]

Metro's July 2019 updated concepts for Phase 2 added a stop along Santa Monica Boulevard per public popular demand. They added the fifth concept, extending the east/west Purple Line Extension terminus south towards LAX. A one-boarding HRT trip from LAX to Downtown Los Angeles along Centinela Blvd.^[15]

All north-to-south routes from the E Line to LAX are:

DEIR Alternative^[5]	Description	Ridership (daily)	Estimated cost (billions)
Alternative 1: HRT or MRT I-405 route^[17]	A heavy rail transit (HRT) line heading south from the Expo/Sepulveda station on the I-405 median with an aerial stop at Venice Blvd/I-405. Leaves the aerial route and continues underground with stations on Centinela/Sepulveda and Manchester/Sepulveda near LAX. The southern terminus station is at LAX/Metro Transit Center station.^[18] A 38-minute ride.	MRT: 173,000 HRT: 228,000^[18]
Alternative 2: Centinela route^[17]	A heavy rail transit (HRT) line heading south underground from either Expo/Bundy station or Expo/Sepulveda station with stops at Venice/Centinela, Culver/Centinela, Jefferson/Centinela, and Manchester/Sepulveda with its southern terminus station at LAX/Metro Transit Center station.^[18] A 31-minute ride.	229,000^[18]
Alternative 3: HRT Sepulveda route^[17]	A heavy rail transit (HRT) line heading south underground from the Expo/Sepulveda station along Sepulveda Boulevard with stops at Venice/Sepulveda, Jefferson/Sepulveda and Manchester/Sepulveda near LAX. The southern terminus station is at LAX/Metro Transit Center station.^[18] A 30-minute ride.	236,000^[18]
Alternative 4: HRT Overland Avenue route^[17]	A heavy rail transit (HRT) line heading south underground from the Expo/Sepulveda station to Overland Avenue. Stations located on Overland/Venice Blvd. and Overland/Jefferson Blvd, Jefferson/Sepulveda, and Manchester/Sepulveda near LAX. The southern terminus station is at LAX/Metro Transit Center station.^[18] A 31-minute ride.	233,000^[18]
Alternative 5: D Line Extension routes^[17]	A heavy rail transit (HRT) extension south of the under-construction D Line extension terminus station of Westwood/VA Hospital station or Westwood/UCLA station, a stop on Santa Monica Boulevard and then follow the Centinela Ave route alternative (alt 2) as underground HRT. The southern terminus station is at LAX/Metro Transit Center station.^[18] A 31-minute ride.	275,000^[18]

The following table shows all potential metro stations and the alternatives for which they apply:

Station Options^[1]	Alt 1	Alt 2	Alt 3	Alt 4	Alt 5	Connecting rail services^[30]	Community
Westwood/UCLA or Westwood/VA Hospital (Under Construction as HRT)	-	-	-	-	Y	D Line (by 2027)	Westwood
Expo/Bundy or Expo/Sepulveda (Already Built as LRT)	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	E Line	West Los Angeles
Venice Boulevard/I-405	Y	-	-	-	-		Mar Vista/Westdale
Venice Boulevard/Overland Avenue	-	Y	-	-	Y		Mar Vista
Venice Boulevard/Sepulveda Boulevard	-	-	Y	-	-		Mar Vista/Westdale
Venice Boulevard/Overland Avenue	-	-	-	Y	-		Washington Culver
Jefferson Boulevard/Overland Avenue	-	-	-	Y	-		Studio Village
Culver Boulevard	-	Y	-	-	Y		Del Rey/Culver West
Slauson Avenue/Sepulveda Boulevard	-	-	Y	Y	-		Fox Hills
Jefferson Boulevard/Centinela Avenue	-	Y	-	-	Y		Playa Vista
Howard Hughes Center	Y	-	-	-	-		Westchester/Fox Hills
Manchester Avenue/Sepulveda Boulevard	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y		Westchester
LAX/Metro Transit Center (Under Construction as LRT)	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	LAX Automated People Mover (by 2023)   K Line(by 2024)	Westchester

Alternative 5's concept for the Westside-LAX phase of the Sepulveda Transit Corridor Project would extend the Purple Line subway south down Centinela Ave along the same route as the other proposed Centinela Ave concepts (Alt 2). This concept would provide a one-seat ride from the LAX Automated People Mover to Downtown Los Angeles but would require passengers from the San Fernando Valley to transfer at Westwood/UCLA station to travel further south.^[29]

The second phase of the Sepulveda Transit Corridor Project is not due to break ground until 2048.

Advocacy

Transit advocates have proposed combining the East San Fernando Valley Light Rail Transit Project and the Sepulveda Transit Corridor Project into a single study to connect Sylmar, Van Nuys, the G Line, Sherman Oaks, UCLA, and the future Westwood/UCLA D Line station. Metro studies declined the LRT merge option and stated HRT would provide faster times and more occupancy on trains. Future extension phases south to the E Line, LAX, South Bay, or beyond are also being advocated and proposed.^[31] Metro proposed a Centinela Avenue route to LAX or thru Sepulveda Boulevard. No studies have been allocated funds.

Phase 1 of the project is part of Metro's Twenty-eight by '28 initiative, which aims to complete its list of expansions in time for the 2028 Summer Olympics.^[1] Metro is looking into a public/private partnership to accelerate the opening.

References

1. "Rail concepts released for Sepulveda Transit Corridor project". Metro.
2. "I-405 In LA Named Busiest Interstate In Any U.S. City". CBS Los Angeles. CBS Broadcasting Inc. August 20, 2013. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
3. "Maps & Schedules". LA Metro. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
4. "Maps & Schedules". LA Metro. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
5. "Here are the four new refined concepts for Sepulveda Transit Corridor". Metro. January 29, 2019. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
6. Hymon, Steve (April 26, 2017). "Of monorails, Measure M and the Sepulveda Pass; How We Roll, June 14". LACMTA. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
7. "Metro Seeks Mass Transit Solution For Sepulveda Pass". CBS Los Angeles. CBS Broadcasting. April 26, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
8. Sotero, Dave (April 26, 2017). "Metro releases RFP to study Sepulveda Pass transit options". LACMTA. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
9. Sharp, Steven (November 27, 2018). "Here are the 28 Projects that Metro Could Complete Before the 2028 Olympics". Urbanize. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
10. Grigoryants, Olga (June 9, 2018). "LA Metro releases concepts for a rail line through, over, or under Sepulveda Pass. Take your pick". Los Angeles Daily News. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
11. http://media.metro.net/projects_studies/sfv-405/images/Feasibility%20Report.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
12. "The Center for Land Use Interpretation".
13. Sotero, Dave (February 12, 2021). "L.A. Metro Releases its Recommendation to Contract with Two Private Sector Teams for Pre-Development Work on the Sepulveda Transit Corridor Project" (Press release). The Source. Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
14. Sharp, Steven (December 3, 2021). "Metro kicks off EIR for Sepulveda Pass rail line". Urbanize.LA. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
15. https://thesource.metro.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Refined-Concepts.jpg^{[bare URL image file]}
16. "Fall 2023 FINAL Presentation for Upload.pdf" (PDF). Dropbox. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
17. Next stop: exploring alternatives to the 405 (Report). Metro. June 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
18. Next stop: exploring alternatives to the 405 (Report). Metro. July 2019. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
19. "Here are five route alternatives that will be studied for Sepulveda Transit Corridor". April 15, 2021.
20. "We're exploring alternatives to the 405. Sepulveda Transit Corridor Project". Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
21. "Bus and Rail System Map" (PDF). Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
22. Sotero, Dave (March 25, 2021). "Contracts for Pre-Development Work on Sepulveda Transit Project approved by Metro Board". The Source. Metro. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
23. Scauzillo, Steve (June 21, 2022). "Public says: 93% favor rail tunnels, not an overhead monorail, for mega Sepulveda Pass project". Los Angeles Daily News.
24. @numble (June 17, 2022). "LA Metro June 2022 update on Sepulveda rail project. 93% of comments in scoping period supported heavy rail, and 7% supported monorail. Connection to UCLA was the most mentioned topic. The next update in the Fall would be an update on alignments and stations" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
25. "20221207_Sepulveda_Transit_Corridor_Project_Survey.PDF".
26. https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Division%20L%20-%20THUD%20Statement%20FY23.pdf
27. @numble (October 25, 2023). "October 2023 LA Metro presentation on Sepulveda Transit Corridor. Monorail options have 21k-57k fewer riders, are 8-14 minutes slower, and have longer travel times when connecting to other lines. Heavy rail options 4-5 have ~15k more riders than option 6" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
28. @numble (October 19, 2023). "Sherman Oaks Homeowners Association asks Laura Friedman (California Assembly Transportation Chair) about LA Metro's Sepulveda project. She says it should go to UCLA, is rider-centric, does not have people stand in middle of highway. She wants to build consensus on the project" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
29. https://media.metro.net/projects_studies/sfv-405/images/presentation_Sepulveda_HNTB_2019-01.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
30. "Bus and Rail System Map" (PDF). Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
31. Reed, Bart. "Valley-Westside Rail Tunnel". The Transit Coalition. Retrieved April 12, 2011.

Notes

1. Alternatives 4 and 5 only differ in how they treat the Sherman Way, G Line, and Ventura Boulevard stations. Alternative 4 has them as elevated stations, while Alternative 5 lists them as underground.

External links

• Sepulveda Transit Corridor Project