Selenium monochloride or diselenium dichloride is an inorganic compound with the formula Se2Cl2. Although a common name for the compound is selenium monochloride, reflecting its empirical formula, IUPAC does not recommend that name, instead preferring the more descriptive diselenium dichloride.
Diselenium dichloride is a reddish-brown, oily liquid that hydrolyses slowly. It exists in chemical equilibrium with SeCl2, SeCl4, chlorine, and elemental selenium.[1] Diselenium dichloride is mainly used as a reagent for the synthesis of Se-containing compounds.
A dense layer of diselenium dichloride settles from the reaction mixture, which can be purified by dissolving it in fuming sulfuric acid and reprecipitating it with hydrochloric acid. A second method for the synthesis involves the reaction of selenium with oleum and hydrochloric acid:[4]
The crude diselenium dichloride is removed via separatory funnel. Diselenium dichloride cannot be distilled without decomposition, even at reduced pressure.[4]
In acetonitrile solutions, it exists in equilibrium with SeCl2 and SeCl4.[5]Selenium dichloride degrades to diselenium dichloride after a few minutes at room temperature:[6]
3 SeCl2 → Se2Cl2 + SeCl4
Reactionsedit
Diselenium dichloride is an electrophilic selenizing agent, and thus it reacts with simple alkenes to give bis(β-chloroalkyl)selenide and bis(chloroalkyl)selenium dichloride. It converts hydrazones of hindered ketones into the corresponding selenoketones, the structural analogs of ketones whereby the oxygen atom is replaced with a selenium atom.[7] Finally, the compound has been used to introduce bridging selenium ligands between the metal atoms of some iron and chromium carbonyl complexes.[7]
^Kniep, Rüdiger; Körte, Lutz; Mootz, Dietrich (1 January 1983). "Kristallstrukturen von Verbindungen A2X2 (A = S, Se; X = Cl, Br)". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B. 38 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1515/znb-1983-0102.
^Lenher, Victor; Kao, C. H. (1925). "The Preparation of Selenium Monochloride and Monobromide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 47 (3): 772–774. doi:10.1021/ja01680a025.
^ abcFehér, F. "Diselenium Dichloride". In Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry; Brauer, G., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1963; Vol. 1; p 422-433.
^Lamoureux, Marc; Milne, John (1990). "Selenium chloride and bromide equilibria in aprotic solvents; a Se77 NMR study". Polyhedron. 9 (4): 589–595. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)86238-5.
^Maaninen, Arto; Chivers, Tristram; Parvez, Masood; Pietikäinen, Jarkko; Laitinen, Risto S. (1999). "Syntheses of THF Solutions of SeX2(X = Cl, Br) and a New Route to Selenium Sulfides SenS8−n(n = 1−5): X-ray Crystal Structures of SeCl2(tht)2 and SeCl2·tmtu". Inorganic Chemistry. 38 (18): 4093–4097. doi:10.1021/ic981430h.
^ abBack, Thomas G.; Moussa, Ziad (2003). "Diselenium Dichloride". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn00201. ISBN0-471-93623-5.
December 15, 2023
selenium, monochloride, diselenium, dichloride, inorganic, compound, with, formula, se2cl2, although, common, name, compound, selenium, monochloride, reflecting, empirical, formula, iupac, does, recommend, that, name, instead, preferring, more, descriptive, di. Selenium monochloride or diselenium dichloride is an inorganic compound with the formula Se2Cl2 Although a common name for the compound is selenium monochloride reflecting its empirical formula IUPAC does not recommend that name instead preferring the more descriptive diselenium dichloride Diselenium dichloride NamesIUPAC name Diselenium dichlorideOther names 1 2 DichlorodiselaneDichlorodiselaneDichlorodiselenideSelenium chlorideSelenium monochlorideIdentifiersCAS Number 10025 68 0 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 59591 YECHA InfoCard 100 030 022EC Number 233 037 8PubChem CID 66206UNII 2A5292FC4P YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID1064902InChI InChI 1S Cl2Se2 c1 3 4 2 NKey VIEXQFHKRAHTQS UHFFFAOYSA N NInChI 1 Cl2Se2 c1 3 4 2Key VIEXQFHKRAHTQS UHFFFAOYACSMILES Cl Se Se ClPropertiesChemical formula Se2Cl2Molar mass 228 84 g mol 1Appearance Reddish brown oily liquidDensity 2 7741 g cm3Melting point 85 C 121 F 188 K Boiling point 127 C 261 F 400 K at 0 997 atmSolubility in water insolubleSolubility in other solvents Soluble in chloroform carbon disulfide and acetonitrileMagnetic susceptibility x 94 8 10 6 cm3 molHazardsGHS labelling PictogramsSignal word DangerHazard statements H301 H311 H314 H331 H373 H410Precautionary statements P260 P261 P264 P270 P271 P273 P280 P301 P310 P301 P330 P331 P302 P352 P303 P361 P353 P304 P340 P305 P351 P338 P310 P311 P312 P314 P321 P322 P330 P361 P363 P391 P403 P233 P405 P501Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Diselenium dichloride is a reddish brown oily liquid that hydrolyses slowly It exists in chemical equilibrium with SeCl2 SeCl4 chlorine and elemental selenium 1 Diselenium dichloride is mainly used as a reagent for the synthesis of Se containing compounds Contents 1 Structure and properties 2 Preparation 3 Reactions 4 ReferencesStructure and properties editDielenium dichloride has the connectivity Cl Se Se Cl With a nonplanar structure it has C2 molecular symmetry similar to hydrogen peroxide and disulfur dichloride which is referred to as gauche The Se Se bond length is 223 pm and the Se Cl bond lengths are 220 pm The dihedral angle between the Cla Se Se and Se Se Clb planes is 87 2 Preparation editEarly routes to diselenium dichloride involved chlorination of elemental selenium 3 An improved method involves the reaction of a mixture of selenium selenium dioxide and hydrochloric acid 4 3 Se SeO2 4 HCl 2 Se2Cl2 2 H2OA dense layer of diselenium dichloride settles from the reaction mixture which can be purified by dissolving it in fuming sulfuric acid and reprecipitating it with hydrochloric acid A second method for the synthesis involves the reaction of selenium with oleum and hydrochloric acid 4 2 Se 2 SO3 3 HCl Se2Cl2 SO2 H2O SO2 OH ClThe crude diselenium dichloride is removed via separatory funnel Diselenium dichloride cannot be distilled without decomposition even at reduced pressure 4 In acetonitrile solutions it exists in equilibrium with SeCl2 and SeCl4 5 Selenium dichloride degrades to diselenium dichloride after a few minutes at room temperature 6 3 SeCl2 Se2Cl2 SeCl4Reactions editDiselenium dichloride is an electrophilic selenizing agent and thus it reacts with simple alkenes to give bis b chloroalkyl selenide and bis chloroalkyl selenium dichloride It converts hydrazones of hindered ketones into the corresponding selenoketones the structural analogs of ketones whereby the oxygen atom is replaced with a selenium atom 7 Finally the compound has been used to introduce bridging selenium ligands between the metal atoms of some iron and chromium carbonyl complexes 7 References edit Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Butterworth Heinemann ISBN 978 0 08 037941 8 Kniep Rudiger Korte Lutz Mootz Dietrich 1 January 1983 Kristallstrukturen von Verbindungen A2X2 A S Se X Cl Br Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung B 38 1 1 6 doi 10 1515 znb 1983 0102 Lenher Victor Kao C H 1925 The Preparation of Selenium Monochloride and Monobromide Journal of the American Chemical Society 47 3 772 774 doi 10 1021 ja01680a025 a b c Feher F Diselenium Dichloride In Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry Brauer G Ed Academic Press New York 1963 Vol 1 p 422 433 Lamoureux Marc Milne John 1990 Selenium chloride and bromide equilibria in aprotic solvents a Se77 NMR study Polyhedron 9 4 589 595 doi 10 1016 S0277 5387 00 86238 5 Maaninen Arto Chivers Tristram Parvez Masood Pietikainen Jarkko Laitinen Risto S 1999 Syntheses of THF Solutions of SeX2 X Cl Br and a New Route to Selenium Sulfides SenS8 n n 1 5 X ray Crystal Structures of SeCl2 tht 2 and SeCl2 tmtu Inorganic Chemistry 38 18 4093 4097 doi 10 1021 ic981430h a b Back Thomas G Moussa Ziad 2003 Diselenium Dichloride Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis doi 10 1002 047084289X rn00201 ISBN 0 471 93623 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Selenium monochloride amp oldid 1180766696, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
