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Seigneur (French pronunciation:[sɛɲœʁ]ⓘ) or lord is an originally feudal title in France before the Revolution, in New France and British North America until 1854, and in the Channel Islands to this day. The seigneur owned a seigneurie, seigneury, or lordship—a form of title or land tenure—as a fief, with its associated obligations and rights over person and property.[1] In this sense, a seigneur could be an individual—male or female, high or low-born—or a collective entity, typically a religious community such as a monastery, seminary, college, or parish. In the wake of the French Revolution, seigneurialism was repealed in France on 4 August 1789 and in the Province of Canada on 18 December 1854.[2] Since then, the feudal title has only been applicable in the Channel Islands and for sovereign princes by their families.
Seigneur descends from Middle Frenchseigneur, from Old Frenchseignor (oblique form of sire), from Latinseniōrem, the accusative singular of senior ("elder"), the comparative form of senex ("old, elderly"). It is a doublet of the English words senior, sir, sire, seignior, sieur, and monsieur and shares the same provenance as the Italiansignore, Portuguesesenhor, and Spanishseñor, which—like mister—referred to feudal lords before becoming general words of respectful address towards men.
The noble title and land title of a seigneur is a seigneurie or lordship, the rights that the seigneur was entitled to is called seigneuriage, and the jurisdiction exercised over the fief was seigneur justicier. The bearers of these titles, rights, and jurisdiction were generally but not exclusively male. A female seigneur was generally known as a seigneuresse or lady. The seigneur could be a noble or a roturier (commoner) as well as a corporation such as religious order, a monastery, a parish.
In English, seigneur is used in historical scholarship to discuss the French seigneurial system.[3] It is also frequently calqued as "lord", the analogous term in the English feudal system.
The term grand seigneur has survived. Today this usually means an elegant, urbane gentleman. Some even use it in a stricter sense to refer to a man whose manners and way of life reflect his noble ancestry and great wealth. In addition, Le Grand Seigneur had long been the name given by the French to the Ottoman sultan.[4]Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ is the French equivalent of the English Our Lord JesusChrist.
The word seignorage is also derived from seigneur.
Guernsey or the Bailiwick of Guernsey is one of the Channel Islands that is a Crown Dependency. Guernsey still has feudal law and legal fiefs in existence today. Each fief has a Seigneur and/or Dame that owns the fief. The Guernsey fiefs and seigneurs have long existed before baronies and are part of Normandy. While nobility has been outlawed in France and Germany, noble fiefs still exist by law in Guernsey. The owners of the fiefs actually convene each year at the Court of Chief Pleas under the supervision of His Majesty's Government. There are approximately 24 private fiefs in Guernsey that are registered directly with the Crown. Some Fief Seigneurs own more than one Fief or have several Fiefs within their Fief territory. [7]
^An Act for the abolition of feudal rights and duties in Lower Canada, S.Prov.C. 1854, c. 3.
^See e.g. O. Hufton (1979), "The Seigneur and the Rural Community in Eighteenth-Century France. The Seigneurial Reaction"; R. Blaufarb (2010), "Communauté and Seigneurie in Early Modern Provence"; H. Root (1985), "Challenging the Seigneurie: Community and Contention on the Eve of the French Revolution".
^"Le Grand Seigneur (i.e., the sultan)". NYPL Digital Collections. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
^Cunningham, Andrew John (2016-11-28). "The Feudal Dues (Guernsey) Law, 1980" (PDF). Guernsey Legal Resources. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
^"English to English Dictionary – Meaning of Fief in English is : feoff, feud, fee, demesne, dependency, domain, fiefdom, manor, estate in fee, acres, allodium, benefice, copyhold, equitable estate, estate at sufferance, estate for life, estate for years, estate in expectancy, estate in possession, estate tail". dictionary.studysite.org. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
November 14, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French October 2022 Click show for important translation instructions Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 852 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at FR Seigneurie see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated FR Seigneurie to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Seigneur news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Seigneur French pronunciation sɛɲœʁ or lord is an originally feudal title in France before the Revolution in New France and British North America until 1854 and in the Channel Islands to this day The seigneur owned a seigneurie seigneury or lordship a form of title or land tenure as a fief with its associated obligations and rights over person and property 1 In this sense a seigneur could be an individual male or female high or low born or a collective entity typically a religious community such as a monastery seminary college or parish In the wake of the French Revolution seigneurialism was repealed in France on 4 August 1789 and in the Province of Canada on 18 December 1854 2 Since then the feudal title has only been applicable in the Channel Islands and for sovereign princes by their families Sophie Masson seigneuresse of Terrebonne Canada Contents 1 Terms 2 Current use in the Channel Islands 3 See also 4 ReferencesTerms editSeigneur descends from Middle French seigneur from Old French seignor oblique form of sire from Latin seniōrem the accusative singular of senior elder the comparative form of senex old elderly It is a doublet of the English words senior sir sire seignior sieur and monsieur and shares the same provenance as the Italian signore Portuguese senhor and Spanish senor which like mister referred to feudal lords before becoming general words of respectful address towards men The noble title and land title of a seigneur is a seigneurie or lordship the rights that the seigneur was entitled to is called seigneuriage and the jurisdiction exercised over the fief was seigneur justicier The bearers of these titles rights and jurisdiction were generally but not exclusively male A female seigneur was generally known as a seigneuresse or lady The seigneur could be a noble or a roturier commoner as well as a corporation such as religious order a monastery a parish In English seigneur is used in historical scholarship to discuss the French seigneurial system 3 It is also frequently calqued as lord the analogous term in the English feudal system The term grand seigneur has survived Today this usually means an elegant urbane gentleman Some even use it in a stricter sense to refer to a man whose manners and way of life reflect his noble ancestry and great wealth In addition Le Grand Seigneur had long been the name given by the French to the Ottoman sultan 4 Notre Seigneur Jesus Christis the French equivalent of the English Our Lord Jesus Christ The word seignorage is also derived from seigneur Current use in the Channel Islands editMain article Feudalism in the Channel Islands The title is still used in the Channel Islands self governing territories in the English Channel which swear fealty to the British Crown as the successor to the Duke of Normandy 5 In particular it refers to the Seigneur of Sark the hereditary ruler of Sark a jurisdiction of the Bailiwick of Guernsey The Seigneur of Saint Ouen and the Seigneur of Samares are titles in the Bailiwick of Jersey According to the Feudal Dues Law of 1980 of Guernsey the style of Dame or Seigneur is legally authorized for use by Seigneurs and Dames of Fiefs of the Crown Dependency of Guernsey 6 Guernsey or the Bailiwick of Guernsey is one of the Channel Islands that is a Crown Dependency Guernsey still has feudal law and legal fiefs in existence today Each fief has a Seigneur and or Dame that owns the fief The Guernsey fiefs and seigneurs have long existed before baronies and are part of Normandy While nobility has been outlawed in France and Germany noble fiefs still exist by law in Guernsey The owners of the fiefs actually convene each year at the Court of Chief Pleas under the supervision of His Majesty s Government There are approximately 24 private fiefs in Guernsey that are registered directly with the Crown Some Fief Seigneurs own more than one Fief or have several Fiefs within their Fief territory 7 See also editSeigneurial system of New FranceReferences edit Seigneur Merriam Webster An Act for the abolition of feudal rights and duties in Lower Canada S Prov C 1854 c 3 See e g O Hufton 1979 The Seigneur and the Rural Community in Eighteenth Century France The Seigneurial Reaction R Blaufarb 2010 Communaute and Seigneurie in Early Modern Provence H Root 1985 Challenging the Seigneurie Community and Contention on the Eve of the French Revolution Le Grand Seigneur i e the sultan NYPL Digital Collections Retrieved 2020 10 22 Cunningham Andrew John 2016 11 28 The Feudal Dues Guernsey Law 1980 PDF Guernsey Legal Resources Retrieved 2020 04 17 Feudal Dues Law of Guernsey 1980 https www guernseylegalresources gg CHttpHandler ashx id 71301 amp p 0 English to English Dictionary Meaning of Fief in English is feoff feud fee demesne dependency domain fiefdom manor estate in fee acres allodium benefice copyhold equitable estate estate at sufferance estate for life estate for years estate in expectancy estate in possession estate tail dictionary studysite org Retrieved 2023 06 09 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Seigneur amp oldid 1179489193, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
