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Segmental bridge

January 26, 2023

A segmental bridge is a bridge built in short sections (called segments), i.e., one piece at a time, as opposed to traditional methods that build a bridge in very large sections. The bridge is made of concrete that is either cast-in-place (constructed fully in its final location) or precast concrete (built at another location and then transported to their final location for placement in the full structure).[1]

Segmental bridge
AncestorBox girder bridge
RelatedPrecast Segmental Bridge
CarriesTraffic
Span rangeLong
MaterialConcrete
MovableNo
Design effortHigh
Falsework requiredYes

These bridges are very economical for long spans (more than 100 metres or 330 feet), especially when access to the construction site is restricted. They are also chosen for their aesthetic appeal.

History

The first cantilevered segmental cast-in-place concrete bridge, built in 1930, was Ponte Emílio Baumgart [de] across Rio do Peixe in the state of Santa Catarina of Brazil.[2] It was followed in 1951 by the prestressed concrete bridge across the Lahn River in Balduinstein, Germany [de], the first of many cantilevered bridges designed by Ulrich Finsterwalder [de].[citation needed]

The first prestressed concrete bridge, assembled by several precast elements, was the Pont de Luzancy [fr] across the river Marne in France, built according to the design by Eugène Freyssinet and commenced in 1940, but due to the war, completed only in 1946.

Construction

The sequence of construction is similar to traditional concrete bridge building, i.e., build the support towers (columns), build the temporary falsework, build the deck, perform finish work. The principal differences are as follows:

  1. The support towers may be built segmentally. Often this is accomplished using "slip-form" construction, where the falsework moves (slips) upward following sequential concrete "pours." The falsework uses the newly constructed concrete as the basis for moving upward.
  2. After the towers are built, a superstructure is built atop the towers. This superstructure serves as the "launching" point for building the deck. (The deck is often built in both directions away from the tower, simultaneously.)
  3. The deck is now constructed sequentially, beginning at the tower, one section at a time. This process is usually accomplished using a self propelled bridge layer that hoists the bridge section into place.
    • In cast-in-place bridges, the falsework is connected to the previously installed concrete and allowed to cantilever freely. Next, the permanent reinforcing steel and supports are installed. Finally, the concrete is placed and cured, freeing the falsework to be moved.
    • In pre-cast bridges, the concrete segment is constructed on the ground, and then transported and hoisted into place. As the new segment is suspended in place by the crane, workers install steel reinforcing that attaches the new segment to preceding segments. Each segment of the bridge is designed to accept connections from both preceding and succeeding segments.
  4. The process in step 3 is repeated until the span is completed.
 
Segmental bridge under construction, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
 
The Pierre Pflimlin bridge being built over the Rhine south of Strasbourg.

Notable examples

References

  1. ^ Habibullah Sharifi, Sayed Hafiz Sadat, Zhaoxu Wang, Yuanzhen Liu (2021). "Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Precast Concrete Bridge Projects". North American Academic Research. 4 (4, April 2021): 4(4) 138–147. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4699431 – via TWASP.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Girard, L. (1931): Le pont de Herval au Brésil. In: La Technique des Travaux, v. 7, n. 11 (November 1931). The Instituto Militar de Engenharia, provided a free pdf copy of the original magazine article at http://aquarius.ime.eb.br/~webde2/prof/ethomaz/baumgart/rev_travaux.pdf
  3. ^ Two kilometer span bridge over the River Kosi in Bihar, India : http://www.spsc.co.in/Ongoing-Projects.aspx

Further reading

  1. LoBuono, J. (2005). "Assembly required-The instructions for building New Jersey’s first segmental bridge." Chicago, Illinois: GoBridges.com. September/October. Published October 18, 2005 at
  2. (2006) "Design & Construction of Ngong Shuen Chau Viaduct" International Conference on Bridge Engineering – Challenges in the 21st Century, Hong Kong, 1 ~ 3 November 2006 http://www.ywlgroup.com/Articles.html
  3. Liu, Xian Peng; Qin, Zong Ping; Leung, L. W.; Yue, Lingling (2007). "Construction of the Precast Segmental Approach Structures for Sutong Bridge" (PDF). ICE Conference 2007. Beijing, China: YWL.

Related sites

January 26, 2023
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A segmental bridge is a bridge built in short sections called segments i e one piece at a time as opposed to traditional methods that build a bridge in very large sections The bridge is made of concrete that is either cast in place constructed fully in its final location or precast concrete built at another location and then transported to their final location for placement in the full structure 1 Segmental bridgeAncestorBox girder bridgeRelatedPrecast Segmental BridgeCarriesTrafficSpan rangeLongMaterialConcreteMovableNoDesign effortHighFalsework requiredYesThese bridges are very economical for long spans more than 100 metres or 330 feet especially when access to the construction site is restricted They are also chosen for their aesthetic appeal Contents 1 History 2 Construction 3 Notable examples 4 References 5 Further reading 6 Related sitesHistory EditThe first cantilevered segmental cast in place concrete bridge built in 1930 was Ponte Emilio Baumgart de across Rio do Peixe in the state of Santa Catarina of Brazil 2 It was followed in 1951 by the prestressed concrete bridge across the Lahn River in Balduinstein Germany de the first of many cantilevered bridges designed by Ulrich Finsterwalder de citation needed The first prestressed concrete bridge assembled by several precast elements was the Pont de Luzancy fr across the river Marne in France built according to the design by Eugene Freyssinet and commenced in 1940 but due to the war completed only in 1946 Construction EditThe sequence of construction is similar to traditional concrete bridge building i e build the support towers columns build the temporary falsework build the deck perform finish work The principal differences are as follows The support towers may be built segmentally Often this is accomplished using slip form construction where the falsework moves slips upward following sequential concrete pours The falsework uses the newly constructed concrete as the basis for moving upward After the towers are built a superstructure is built atop the towers This superstructure serves as the launching point for building the deck The deck is often built in both directions away from the tower simultaneously The deck is now constructed sequentially beginning at the tower one section at a time This process is usually accomplished using a self propelled bridge layer that hoists the bridge section into place In cast in place bridges the falsework is connected to the previously installed concrete and allowed to cantilever freely Next the permanent reinforcing steel and supports are installed Finally the concrete is placed and cured freeing the falsework to be moved In pre cast bridges the concrete segment is constructed on the ground and then transported and hoisted into place As the new segment is suspended in place by the crane workers install steel reinforcing that attaches the new segment to preceding segments Each segment of the bridge is designed to accept connections from both preceding and succeeding segments The process in step 3 is repeated until the span is completed Segmental bridge under construction Ft Lauderdale Florida USA The Pierre Pflimlin bridge being built over the Rhine south of Strasbourg Notable examples EditSenator William V Roth Jr Bridge in Delaware is a cable stayed bridge using precast concrete segments for the approach and center spans Vancouver SkyTrain s Millennium Line as well as the elevated portion of the Canada Line Linn Cove Viaduct in the Blue Ridge Mountains North Carolina precast Manwel Dimech Bridge in St Julian s San Ġiljan Malta This bridge connects the two parts of Regional Road and pass over Għomar Valley Seven Mile Bridge in the Florida Keys precast The Interstate H 3 viaducts through the Ko olau Mountains Oahu Hawaii CIP Segmental The new Pennsylvania Turnpike I 76 bridges over the Susquehanna River south of Harrisburg Pennsylvania precast The Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge viaduct precast The Benicia Martinez Bridge northbound span between Benicia and Martinez CA CIP Segmental The Four Bears Bridge over the Missouri River in North Dakota utilizes precast concrete segments erected with the balanced cantilever method precast The High Five Interchange connecting US 75 and I 635 in Dallas TX precast The AirTrain linking NY s John F Kennedy International Airport with the Jamaica Transit Center The ramps leading between the Brooklyn Queens Expressway NY I 278 and the Williamsburg Bridge connecting to Manhattan The elevated sections of the Delhi Metro The elevated sections of the Dubai Metro The I 35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge in Minneapolis MN is notable primarily for the bridge it replaced I 35W Mississippi River bridge which collapsed on August 1 2007 The Veterans Glass City Skyway in Toledo OH Canada s Confederation Bridge linking the provinces of Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick Bridge over River Kosi between Saharsa and Darbhanga in Bihar India 3 Zilwaukee Bridge crossing the Saginaw River on I 75 north of Saginaw in Zilwaukee Michigan The Pitkins Curve bridge on California State Route 1 near Big Sur is a CIP segmental bridge bypassing a rock slide portion of a scenic motorway Portions of the Interstate 4 Selmon Expressway Connector in Tampa Florida The Atal Setu bridge in Goa is a cable stayed bridge which used the Segmental bride construction from start to end crossing the Mandovi RiverReferences Edit Habibullah Sharifi Sayed Hafiz Sadat Zhaoxu Wang Yuanzhen Liu 2021 Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Precast Concrete Bridge Projects North American Academic Research 4 4 April 2021 4 4 138 147 doi 10 5281 zenodo 4699431 via TWASP a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Girard L 1931 Le pont de Herval au Bresil In La Technique des Travaux v 7 n 11 November 1931 The Instituto Militar de Engenharia provided a free pdf copy of the original magazine article at http aquarius ime eb br webde2 prof ethomaz baumgart rev travaux pdf Two kilometer span bridge over the River Kosi in Bihar India http www spsc co in Ongoing Projects aspxFurther reading EditLoBuono J 2005 Assembly required The instructions for building New Jersey s first segmental bridge Chicago Illinois GoBridges com September October Published October 18 2005 at https web archive org web 20071014060418 http www gobridges com article asp id 770 2006 Design amp Construction of Ngong Shuen Chau Viaduct International Conference on Bridge Engineering Challenges in the 21st Century Hong Kong 1 3 November 2006 http www ywlgroup com Articles html Liu Xian Peng Qin Zong Ping Leung L W Yue Lingling 2007 Construction of the Precast Segmental Approach Structures for Sutong Bridge PDF ICE Conference 2007 Beijing China YWL Related sites Edithttp www fhwa dot gov bridge segmental index htm http www asbi assoc org http www figgbridge com http www finleyengineeringgroup com index cfm home http www mcnarybergeron com http www pbworld com news events publications network issue 57 57 03 murilloj briefhistoryseg asp http www pbworld com news events publications network issue 28 28 16 wahlp constructionsequence asp http www polito it creepanalysis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Segmental bridge amp oldid 1131527660, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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