According to the Menologion, Clement, a disciple of Paul of Tarsus and one of the Seventy (Philippians 4:3), was the first bishop of Sardis.[1] Little is known about the ancient bishopric of Sardis, with the notable exception of Saint Melito, a contemporary of Marcus Aurelius from the 2nd century,[2] whom some sources refer to as the second bishop of Sardis[3]—citing the "improbability of seventy years in the episcopate"[4]—making him the successor to the "angel of the church of Sardis" referenced in the New Testament (Rev. 3:1-3), while other sources regard Melito himself as the "apostle" or "angel of the church of Sardis."[5] In the Book of Revelation, Saint John writes a letter to the church of Sardis, reproaching it and its bishop.[6]
After Diocletian reorganized the region in 295, Sardis became the capital of the province of Lydia, the seat of the governor and of the metropolitan archbishop.[7]
The Council of Rimini deposed Bishop Hortasius of Sardis in 359 because he had been ordained without the sanction of the bishops of Lydia.[8] The See had 27 suffragan bishops (including the bishop of Thyatira[9] and Philadelphia[10][11]) in the 7th century, and approximately that number until the end of the 10th century.[6]
There is only one known epigraphic reference to the see of Sardis, dated to the 5th or 6th century.[12] A 1959 landslide revealed several ecclesiastical artifacts and a throne that archaeologists postulated may have been used by the bishops of Sardis.[13] The first systemic investigation of the ruins of Sardis came in 1910 with an expedition from Princeton University.[1] Excavations in 1912 revealed a small "Church M", containing coins which were dated to the 5th century and an apse overhanging one of the earliest known Christian altars, near the north eastern corner of the Temple of Artemis.[1]
Arabs sacked Sardis in 716, but the city remained a part of a resurgent Roman (Byzantine) Empire until the aftermath of the battle of Manzikert in 1071. Euthymius, a Metropolitan Bishop of Sardis, was martyred in 824 in relation to iconoclasm.[14]
The Metropolitan of Sardis, who had once ranked sixth in precedence in the Eastern church,[6] continued to hold that rank into the 13th century, long after Sardis had shrunk to a village which was no longer a regional locus of power.[16] In 1369, Philadelphia replaced Sardis as the see of the metropolitan bishop,[6] Sardis having been suppressed by the Patriarch of Constantinople.[17] However, a bearer of the title of Metropolitan of Sardis, Dionysius, participated in the Council of Florence in 1438, but died before its conclusion and thus was not asked to sign its decree.[18]
From the 17th century, there were appointments of Roman Catholic archbishops of Sardis as a see in partibus infidelium, meaning "within territory held by the infidels" (the Muslims), a term replaced in 1882 by that of "titular see".[6][19] No new such appointments have been made to this eastern see since the Second Vatican Council.
One of the first scholarly listings of the bishops of Sardis is given by Michel Le Quien in Oriens christianus in quatuor patriarchatus digestus, in quo exhibentur Ecclesiae patriarchae caeterique praesules totius Orientis (abbreviated Oriens Christ.), published posthumously in 1740.[6]
^ abcdeOtto F. A. Meinardus. 1974. "The Christian Remains of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse." The Biblical Archaeologist. Vol. 37, No. 3. p. 78–80.
^Philip Schaff. 1890. NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine. New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co.
^Steve Smith, 2005. "Saint Melito of Sardis: Early Church Father, Bishop, and Martyr."
^Ernest Cushing Richardson et al. 1886. The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325. C. Scribner's Sons, p. 750.
^Jeremy Taylor and Reginald Heber, 1828. The whole works of the Right Rev. Jeremy Taylor, D.D. Lord Bishop of Down, Connor, and Dromore: with A Life of the Author, and a critical examination of his writings by the Right Rev. Reginald Heber, D.D. late Lord Bishop of Calcutta. Reginald Heber. p. 35.
^Christian Churches of God. "The Pillars of Philadelphia 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine." No. 283.
^ abSozomen et al., Edward Walford (trans.), 1855. The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen: Comprising a History of the Church from A.D. 324 to A.D. 440. Henry G. Bohn. p. 191.
^Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Thyatira" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Philadelphia" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^W.H. Buckler and David M. Robinson (eds.). 1932. Sardis, Vol. VII, Part 1, Greek and Latin Inscriptions. Publications of the American Society for the Excavation of Sardis. p. 190.
^"Landslide yields Lydian artifacts." // The New York Times. 1859, October 26. p. 3.
^ abHerbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Iconoclasm" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^St. Joseph's Industrial School Press, 1977. St. Thomas Christians and the Archdiocese of Verapoly: A Short Historical Study . p. 255.
^Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "College of Saint Bonaventure" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Marchione, Sr. Margherita, 2004. Man of Peace: An Abridged Life of Pope Pius XII. Paulist Press. ISBN0-8091-4245-7. p. 11.
January 01, 1970
sardis, sardes, greek, Σάρδεις, sardeis, episcopal, city, that, name, seven, churches, apocalypse, held, metropolitan, bishops, since, middle, late, century, with, jurisdiction, over, province, lydia, when, this, formed, after, 1369, became, titular, both, gre. The See of Sardis or Sardes Greek Sardeis Sardeis was an episcopal see in the city of that name It was one of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse held by metropolitan bishops since the middle to late 1st century 1 with jurisdiction over the province of Lydia when this was formed in 295 After 1369 it became a titular see both for the Greek Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church Map of the civil Diocese of Asia and its provinces in Late Antiquity which was paralleled by the ecclesiastical administration Contents 1 History 1 1 East West schism 2 Metropolitan bishops 3 Catholic titular archbishops 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory editAccording to the Menologion Clement a disciple of Paul of Tarsus and one of the Seventy Philippians 4 3 was the first bishop of Sardis 1 Little is known about the ancient bishopric of Sardis with the notable exception of Saint Melito a contemporary of Marcus Aurelius from the 2nd century 2 whom some sources refer to as the second bishop of Sardis 3 citing the improbability of seventy years in the episcopate 4 making him the successor to the angel of the church of Sardis referenced in the New Testament Rev 3 1 3 while other sources regard Melito himself as the apostle or angel of the church of Sardis 5 In the Book of Revelation Saint John writes a letter to the church of Sardis reproaching it and its bishop 6 After Diocletian reorganized the region in 295 Sardis became the capital of the province of Lydia the seat of the governor and of the metropolitan archbishop 7 nbsp The martyrdom of Euthymius of Sardis From the Madrid Skylitzes The Council of Rimini deposed Bishop Hortasius of Sardis in 359 because he had been ordained without the sanction of the bishops of Lydia 8 The See had 27 suffragan bishops including the bishop of Thyatira 9 and Philadelphia 10 11 in the 7th century and approximately that number until the end of the 10th century 6 There is only one known epigraphic reference to the see of Sardis dated to the 5th or 6th century 12 A 1959 landslide revealed several ecclesiastical artifacts and a throne that archaeologists postulated may have been used by the bishops of Sardis 13 The first systemic investigation of the ruins of Sardis came in 1910 with an expedition from Princeton University 1 Excavations in 1912 revealed a small Church M containing coins which were dated to the 5th century and an apse overhanging one of the earliest known Christian altars near the north eastern corner of the Temple of Artemis 1 Arabs sacked Sardis in 716 but the city remained a part of a resurgent Roman Byzantine Empire until the aftermath of the battle of Manzikert in 1071 Euthymius a Metropolitan Bishop of Sardis was martyred in 824 in relation to iconoclasm 14 East West schism edit In 1118 Byzantine general Philocales recaptured Sardis from the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum Andronikos Bishop of Sardis c 1283 made several attempts at East West reunification 6 The Ottoman Turks captured Sardis in 1306 the city was destroyed by Timur in 1402 15 The Metropolitan of Sardis who had once ranked sixth in precedence in the Eastern church 6 continued to hold that rank into the 13th century long after Sardis had shrunk to a village which was no longer a regional locus of power 16 In 1369 Philadelphia replaced Sardis as the see of the metropolitan bishop 6 Sardis having been suppressed by the Patriarch of Constantinople 17 However a bearer of the title of Metropolitan of Sardis Dionysius participated in the Council of Florence in 1438 but died before its conclusion and thus was not asked to sign its decree 18 From the 17th century there were appointments of Roman Catholic archbishops of Sardis as a see in partibus infidelium meaning within territory held by the infidels the Muslims a term replaced in 1882 by that of titular see 6 19 No new such appointments have been made to this eastern see since the Second Vatican Council Metropolitan bishops edit nbsp Clement a disciple of Paul the Apostle pictured attested to in Paul s Epistle to the Philippians is the first recorded bishop of Sardis One of the first scholarly listings of the bishops of Sardis is given by Michel Le Quien in Oriens christianus in quatuor patriarchatus digestus in quo exhibentur Ecclesiae patriarchae caeterique praesules totius Orientis abbreviated Oriens Christ published posthumously in 1740 6 Clement Philippians 4 3 1 Melito of Sardis c 180 20 Hieromartyr Therapont of Sardis c 259 21 Heortasius or Hortasius deposed in 359 by the Council of Ariminum 8 Maeonius of Sardis fl 431 attendee at Council of Ephesus Florentin or Florentius c the 448 Synod of Constantinople 22 23 24 25 Hieromartyr Euthymius c 787 December 26 824 6 14 26 27 John successor of Euthymius 6 Peter c 835 28 Euthymios 10th century 29 Andronikos c 1283 1315 deposed for being an Arsenite 30 31 Dionysius c the 1438 Council of Florence 32 Germanos Troianos c 1923 33 Maximos 1946 1986 34 35 Evangelos Kourounis 2020 present formerly of New Jersey Catholic titular archbishops edit nbsp Eugenio Pacelli future Pope Pius XII was made titular archbishop of Sardis by Pope Benedict XV Carlo Rossetti c 1641 36 Invitti c 1726 37 Binkentios Coressi October 12 1814 March 7 1835 38 Stabilini 1831 1834 39 Jean Marie Mioland April 2 1849 September 29 1851 38 Pietro Gianelli April 5 1858 March 15 1875 38 Bernardino del Vago c 1879 40 Vicenzo Vannutelli January 23 1880 June 23 1890 38 Salvatore Palmieri December 14 1891 October 1 1892 38 Giulio Tonti July 15 1893 October 1 1894 38 Benedetto Lorenzelli November 30 1896 November 14 1904 38 Giuseppe Aversa May 25 1906 April 12 1917 38 Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli April 20 1917 March 16 1929 38 41 Arthur Hinsley January 9 1930 April 1 1935 38 Antonino Arata July 11 1935 August 25 1948 38 Giovanni Urbani November 27 1948 April 14 1955 38 Giuseppe Maria Sensi May 21 1955 May 24 1976 38 See also editByzantine churches at SardisReferences edit a b c d e Otto F A Meinardus 1974 The Christian Remains of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse The Biblical Archaeologist Vol 37 No 3 p 78 80 Philip Schaff 1890 NPNF2 01 Eusebius Pamphilius Church History Life of Constantine Oration in Praise of Constantine New York Christian Literature Publishing Co Steve Smith 2005 Saint Melito of Sardis Early Church Father Bishop and Martyr Ernest Cushing Richardson et al 1886 The Ante Nicene Fathers Translations of the Writings of the Fathers Down to A D 325 C Scribner s Sons p 750 Jeremy Taylor and Reginald Heber 1828 The whole works of the Right Rev Jeremy Taylor D D Lord Bishop of Down Connor and Dromore with A Life of the Author and a critical examination of his writings by the Right Rev Reginald Heber D D late Lord Bishop of Calcutta Reginald Heber p 35 a b c d e f g h i Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Sardes Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Christian Churches of God The Pillars of Philadelphia Archived 2007 09 29 at the Wayback Machine No 283 a b Sozomen et al Edward Walford trans 1855 The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen Comprising a History of the Church from A D 324 to A D 440 Henry G Bohn p 191 Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Thyatira Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Ramsay W M 1900 Philadelphia In James Hastings ed A Dictionary of the Bible Vol III p 831 Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Philadelphia Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company W H Buckler and David M Robinson eds 1932 Sardis Vol VII Part 1 Greek and Latin Inscriptions Publications of the American Society for the Excavation of Sardis p 190 Landslide yields Lydian artifacts The New York Times 1859 October 26 p 3 a b Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Iconoclasm Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Turkey forYou 2006 History of Sardis Steven Runciman 1985 The Great Church in Captivity Cambridge University Press p 34 Crane Howard 1987 Some Archaeological Notes on Turkish Sardis Muqarnas 4 p 43 58 Vasilii Popov trans 1861 The History of the Council of Florence J Masters p 154 Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Diocese Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company JB Lightfoot 2003 Saint Paul S Epistle to the Philippians 1903 Kessinger Publishing ISBN 0 7661 7514 6 p 213 Bishop Nikolai Velimirovic 1985 The Prologue from Ochrid Birmingham Lazarica Press Four Book Edition William Bright 1903 The Age of the Fathers Longmans Green p 447 von Hefele Karl Joseph 1883 A History of the Councils of the Church From the Original Documents T amp T Clark p 189 Bower Archibald 1750 The History of the Popes From the Foundation of the See of Rome to the Present Time p 36 Richard Price amp Michael Gaddis The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon Volume 1 Liverpool University Press 2005 p6 Benedictine Monks 2003 Book of the Saints Kessinger Publishing ISBN 0 7661 7269 4 p 102 December Synaxarion Archibald Bower 1759 The History of the Popes p 336 John Meyendorff 1983 Byzantine Theology Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes Fordham Univ Press p 86 Finlay George 1877 A History of Greece From Its Conquest by the Romans to the Present Time B C 146 to A D 1864 Clarendon Press p 377 378 Alexander Hugh Hore 1899 Eighteen Centuries of the Orthodox Church E amp J B Young amp co p 451 Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Florence Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Henry Robinson Luce and Briton Hadden 1923 National Affairs Time E J Stormon 1987 Towards the Healing of Schism Paulist Press p 38 Orthodox Archdiocese of Belgium 2007 Deceased Hierarchs of the Ecumenical Patriarchate The American Historical Review 1907 The Catholic Mission in Maryland 1641 Vol 12 No 3 p 584 587 The Redemptoris This Month in Redemptoris History a b c d e f g h i j k l m Sardes St Joseph s Industrial School Press 1977 St Thomas Christians and the Archdiocese of Verapoly A Short Historical Study p 255 Herbermann Charles ed 1913 College of Saint Bonaventure Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Marchione Sr Margherita 2004 Man of Peace An Abridged Life of Pope Pius XII Paulist Press ISBN 0 8091 4245 7 p 11 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title See of Sardis amp oldid 1214429150, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
