fbpx
Wikipedia

Seacat (missile)

Seacat was a British short-range surface-to-air missile system intended to replace the ubiquitous Bofors 40 mm gun aboard warships of all sizes. It was the world's first operational shipboard point-defence missile system, and was designed so that the Bofors guns could be replaced with minimum modification to the recipient vessel and (originally) using existing fire-control systems. A mobile land-based version of the system was known as Tigercat.

Seacat
Seacat GWS-20 series missile
TypeSurface-to-air missile
Place of originUnited Kingdom
Service history
In service1962–present
Used bySee operators
Wars1971 Indo-Pakistani War
Iran–Iraq War
Falklands War
South African Border War
Production history
DesignerShort Brothers
ManufacturerShort Brothers
VariantsSee variants
Specifications
Mass68 kg (150 lb)
Length1.48 m (58 in)
Diameter0.22 m (8.7 in)
Warhead40 lb (18 kg) continuous-rod warhead
Detonation
mechanism
Proximity

Engine2 stage motor
Wingspan0.70 m (28 in)
Operational
range
500–5,000 m (1,600–16,400 ft) or more
Maximum speed Mach 0.8
Guidance
system
CLOS and radio link
Steering
system
Control surfaces
Launch
platform
Ship

The initial GWS.20 version was manually controlled, in keeping with the need for a rapidly developed and deployed system. Several variants followed; GWS.21 added radar-cued manual control for night and bad-weather use, GWS.22 added a SACLOS automatic guidance mode, and the final GWS.24 had fully automatic engagement. Tigercat saw relatively brief service before being replaced in British service by the Rapier, while Seacat saw longer service until being replaced by Sea Wolf and newer technology close-in weapons systems.

Seacat and Tigercat were both successful in the export market and some remain in service to this day.

History

Seacat traces its history to the Short Brothers of Belfast SX-A5 experiments to convert the Malkara anti-tank missile to radio control as a short-range surface-to-air missile. This led to further modifications as the "Green Light" prototype,[1] and finally emerged as Seacat.

As it was based on an anti-tank weapon, the Seacat was small and flew at relatively slow, subsonic speeds. It was thought to be useful against first and second generation 1950s jet aircraft of Hawker Sea Hawk performance, which were proving to be too difficult for the WWII-era Bofors 40mm /L60 guns to successfully intercept. It ultimately replaced the "Orange Nell" development programme for a lighter weapon than the enormous Seaslug missile.[citation needed]

The first public reference to the name Seacat was April 1958, when Shorts was awarded a contract to develop a close-in short-range surface-to-air missile. Royal Navy acceptance of Seacat as a point defence system,[a] to replace the 40/L60 or the newer and more effective Bofors 40mm /L70 with proximity fuzed shells. It would also be useful against large, slow anti-shipping missiles, like the Styx, which was being deployed by the Warsaw Pact and various clients of the Soviet Union. It was also seen as offering useful secondary roles as a lightweight weapon to use against light commercial shipping and fast attack craft.[citation needed]

The missile was shown for the first time to the general public at the 1959 Farnborough Air Show. The first acceptance trials of the Seacat on a warship was in 1961 aboard HMS Decoy. The Seacat became the first operational guided missile to be fired by a warship of the Royal Navy. Later it was adopted by the Swedish Navy, making it the first British guided missile to be fired by a foreign navy.[2]

Design

The Seacat is a small, subsonic missile powered by a two-stage solid fuel rocket motor. It is steered in flight by four cruciformly arranged swept wings and is stabilised by four small tail fins. It is guided by command line-of-sight (CLOS) via a radio-link; i.e., flight commands are transmitted to it from a remote operator with both the missile and target in sight.[3] In some senses it was no more than an initially unguided subsonic rocket that took the controller about 7 seconds or 500 yd (460 m) flight time to acquire and lock onto radar tracking and optical direction, making it unsuitable for close in AA defence.[4]

Seacat was mounted on a powered four-round launcher which was smaller than the Mark 5 Twin Bofors and STAAG type mountings it replaced. It was also lighter, easier to maintain, and very easy to use.[b]

Variants

Initially, all Seacat installations used a 4-round, 6,600 lb (3,000 kg) trainable launcher, but a 3-round, 2,800 lb (1,300 kg) launcher was later developed. Both launchers were manually reloaded and carried an antenna for the radio command link. All that was required to fit the system to a ship was the installation of a launcher, the provision of a missile handling room and a suitable guidance system. Seacat was used by NATO and Commonwealth navies that purchased British equipment and was exported worldwide. It has also been integrated with a variety of alternative guidance systems, the most common being Dutch HSA systems. The four systems used by the Royal Navy are described below.

GWS-20

 
GWS-20 Seacat launcher aboard HMS Cavalier
 
Seacat launcher and GWS-22 director on HMNZS Wellington, a Leander-class frigate. The operator's CCTV camera on the director and the orange dome, housing the antenna for transmitting commands to the missile, are visible.
 
Tigercat three-missile launcher, with inert training round (right) and transit covers in place
 
SADF Hilda (Tigercat) missiles on launcher

This - "Guided Weapon System 20" - was the initial system, which was intended to replace the twin 40 mm Bofors Mark V gun and its associated fire-control systems. The original director was based on the Simple Tachymetric Director (STD) and was entirely visual in operation. The target was acquired visually with the missile being guided, via a radio link, by the operator inputting commands on a joystick. Flares on the missile's tail fins aided identifying the missile.

HMS Eagle's GWS-20 was trialled on board HMS Decoy, a Daring-class destroyer, in 1961; it was subsequently removed. It was carried in active service by the Fearless-class landing ships, the Type 12M (Rothesay-class) and Type 12I (Leander-class) frigates, the Type 61 (Salisbury-class) air defence frigates HMS Lincoln and HMS Salisbury, and the first group of County-class destroyers. HMS Kent and HMS London updated to GWS22 in the early 1970s. It was originally intended that all C-class destroyers should receive GWS20, and the class were prepared accordingly. In the event only HMS Cavalier and HMS Caprice received it, in 1966 refits.

GWS-20 saw active service in the Falklands war on board the Fearless class and the Rothesay frigates HMS Plymouth and HMS Yarmouth, who retained the GWS-20 director when upgraded to GWS-22.

GWS-21

GWS-21 was the Seacat system associated with a modified Close Range Blind Fire analogue fire control director (CRBFD) with Type 262 radar. This offered manual radar-assisted (Dark Fire) tracking and guidance modes as well as 'eyeball' visual modes. It was carried as the design anti-aircraft weapon of the Type 81 (Tribal-class) frigate, the four Battle-class AD conversions, on the first four County-class destroyers, HMNZS Otago and HMNZS Taranaki, and the carrier HMS Eagle. It was last used after sale to the Indonesian Navy and refit by Vosper Thornycroft in 1984 of, the Type 81s Tartar, Ashanti and Gurkha.

GWS-22

GWS-22 was the Seacat system associated with the full MRS-3 fire control director with Type 904 radar and was the first ACLOS-capable (Automatic, Command Line-Of-Sight) Seacat. It was fitted to most of the Leander, Rothesay and County-class escorts as they were refitted and modified in the 1970s, as well as the aircraft carrier HMS Hermes. It could operate in automatic radar-guided (Blindfire), manual radar-guided, manual CCTV-guided or, in an emergency, 'eyeball' guided modes. It saw active service in the Falklands onboard all these classes.

GWS-24

The final Royal Navy Seacat variant, this used the Italian Alenia Orion RTN-10X fire control system with Type 912 radar and was fitted only to the Type 21 frigate. This variant saw active service in the Falklands.

Tigercat

A land-based mobile version of Seacat based on a three-round, trailer-mounted launcher towed by a Land Rover with a second trailer carrying fire control equipment. Tigercat was used exclusively by 48 Squadron RAF Regiment between 1967 and 1978, before being replaced by Rapier. Tigercat was also operated by Argentina, India, Iran, Jordan, South Africa[5] and Qatar.

Hellcat

"Hellcat", an air-to-surface version to give British Westland Wasp or Westland Wessex HU.5 helicopters a capability against fast attack craft and other high-speed naval targets, was considered in the late 1960s.[6] Two missiles would be carried on a pair of pylons on the helicopter, with an optical sight mounted through the cabin roof. Hellcat was also considered for counter-insurgency (COIN) purposes, with four missiles carried on a militarised Short Skyvan.[7] Despite being offered by Shorts for some years, it does not seem to have been sold.[citation needed]

Seacat Target

"Seacat Target"" is a specialised target vehicle based on the Seacat and is used to simulate sea-skimming missiles for practising a ship's air defence against. Introduced in 1986 it uses the first and second stages of Seacat with the addition of a special target head in place of the missile's warhead. The target missile can be fired from the standard Seacat launcher.[8]

Service

 
Seacat (upper) and Sea Wolf missiles on display in IWM Duxford
 
A Seacat launcher and M44 director at the Royal Australian Navy Heritage Centre, Sydney

The first warship to have the system fitted operationally was the Battle-class destroyer, HMS Corunna, in February 1962.[9] The Seacat became obsolete by the 1970s due to increasing aircraft speed and the introduction of supersonic, sea-skimming anti-ship missiles. In these cases, the manually guided subsonic Seacat was totally unsuited to all but head-on interceptions and then only with adequate warning. A Seacat version was tested for intercepting targets flying at high speed near the water surface. This version used a radar altimeter, which kept the missile from being guided below a certain altitude above the surface and hence prevented the operator from flying the missile into the water. This version was never ordered.[citation needed]

Falklands conflict

Despite being obsolete, the Seacat was still widely fielded by the Royal Navy at the outbreak of the Falklands War and was the main anti-aircraft defence of many ships. It proved more reliable than the more modern Sea Wolf missile that had been recently introduced, although HMS Ardent's launcher failed at a critical moment when the ship was under air attack. Initial British postwar reports claimed that Seacat had destroyed eight aircraft, but these did not stand up to scrutiny and no "kill" could be solely attributed to the Seacat, despite it being fired on many occasions.[10]

Seacat may have been involved in the destruction of three Argentine A-4C Skyhawks although these aircraft were subjected to the full force of San Carlos air defences; other claims to the same kills include Army Rapier and Blowpipe missiles and ship-based 40 mm gunfire.[11] On 12 June, HMS Glamorgan launched a Seacat at an incoming Exocet missile which may have been deviated by the close detonation, but not enough to cause a miss. The destroyer was hit and heavily damaged in the attack.[12]

Argentina deployed Tigercats from GADA 601. Seven Tigercat launchers were captured by the British after the war, some being ex-RAF units.

After the Falklands conflict, a radical and urgent re-appraisal of anti-aircraft weaponry was undertaken by the Royal Navy. This saw Seacat rapidly withdrawn from service and replaced by modern weapons systems such as the Goalkeeper CIWS, more modern 20 mm and 30 mm anti-aircraft guns and new escorts carrying the Sea Wolf missile, including the vertical launch version.

Sweden

The missiles were fitted to the four Swedish Östergötland-class destroyers, replacing three Bofors L/70 guns (a more modern and heavier variant than the Royal Navy's L/60) with a single launcher on each ship. The Östergötland-class destroyers, which were of late 1950s origin, were retired in the early 1980s.

Australia

Seacat was mounted on all six River-class destroyer escorts of the Royal Australian Navy and was removed from service when the final ship of this class was decommissioned in the late 1990s. In their final variant, fire control was provided by HSA M44 radar/optical directors. Secondary firing positions based on visual tracking of the target through binoculars mounted on a syncro-feedback mount was also available. HMAS Torrens was the final ship to live fire the system prior to its removal from service; and this was also the only time three missiles were on the launcher and fired in sequence, resulting in one miss and two hits on towed targets.

Operators

 
Map with Sea Cat operators in blue

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Rear Admiral Enerble said in 1960 that Seacat was so accurate it could be directed through a small window in the Admiralty.[citation needed]
  2. ^ The RNZN officer sent to the UK to investigate Seacat in 1961 commented that it was "so ridiculously easy to use, we have to have it" according to ret Capt. Ian Bradley.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Flight International (1963) pp 437–442
  2. ^ Flight (1963), p. 438.
  3. ^ Flight (1963), p. 437.
  4. ^ ' A family of Weapons. Weapon File. Falklands (1983) p 275
  5. ^ Dean Wingrin. "The Airforce - Weapons - Missiles - Hilda (Tigercat) SAM". SAAE. from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  6. ^ . Flight International. 14 November 1968. p. 792. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
  7. ^ . Flight International. 13 December 1973. p. 1012. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
  8. ^ "Short Shows Seacat Target". Flight International. 21 September 1985. p. 11.
  9. ^ "SEACAT GOES INTO "BATTLE". FEBRUARY 1962, ROSYTH, ON BOARD HMS CORUNNA". www.iwm.org.uk. Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  10. ^ Hobson, Chris; Noble, Andrew (2002). Falklands Air War. Midland Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 1-85780-126-1.
  11. ^ Smith, Gordon (31 May 2013). "Part 54. Argentine Aircraft Lost 3rd April - 15th June 1982". Battle Atlas of the Falklands War 1982 by Land, Sea and Air. NavalHistory.net. originally published by Ian Allan, 1989
  12. ^ Roberts, John (2009). Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy. Seaforth Publishing. p. 294. ISBN 978-1848320437.
  13. ^ . Archived from the original on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  14. ^ "Hilda (Tigercat) SAM". from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  • . Flight International. 5 September 1963. pp. 437–442. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.

Sources

  • Naval Armament, Doug Richardson, Jane's Publishing, 1981, ISBN 0-531-03738-X
  • Lippiett, Captain John (1990). Type 21. Modern Combat Ships 5. Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1903-7.
  • 5th Infantry Brigade in the Falklands, Nicholas Van der Bijl, David Aldea, Leo Cooper, 2003, ISBN 0850529484
  • 74 Days: An Islander's Diary of the Falklands Occupation, John Smith, Century, 1984, ISBN 0712603611
  • Friedman, Norman (1989). World Naval Weapons Systems. The Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-793-3.

External links

  • Footage of test firings of Seacat, 1959

seacat, missile, other, uses, seacat, disambiguation, seacat, british, short, range, surface, missile, system, intended, replace, ubiquitous, bofors, aboard, warships, sizes, world, first, operational, shipboard, point, defence, missile, system, designed, that. For other uses see SeaCat disambiguation Seacat was a British short range surface to air missile system intended to replace the ubiquitous Bofors 40 mm gun aboard warships of all sizes It was the world s first operational shipboard point defence missile system and was designed so that the Bofors guns could be replaced with minimum modification to the recipient vessel and originally using existing fire control systems A mobile land based version of the system was known as Tigercat SeacatSeacat GWS 20 series missileTypeSurface to air missilePlace of originUnited KingdomService historyIn service1962 presentUsed bySee operatorsWars1971 Indo Pakistani WarIran Iraq WarFalklands WarSouth African Border WarProduction historyDesignerShort BrothersManufacturerShort BrothersVariantsSee variantsSpecificationsMass68 kg 150 lb Length1 48 m 58 in Diameter0 22 m 8 7 in Warhead40 lb 18 kg continuous rod warheadDetonationmechanismProximityEngine2 stage motorWingspan0 70 m 28 in Operationalrange500 5 000 m 1 600 16 400 ft or moreMaximum speedMach 0 8GuidancesystemCLOS and radio linkSteeringsystemControl surfacesLaunchplatformShipThe initial GWS 20 version was manually controlled in keeping with the need for a rapidly developed and deployed system Several variants followed GWS 21 added radar cued manual control for night and bad weather use GWS 22 added a SACLOS automatic guidance mode and the final GWS 24 had fully automatic engagement Tigercat saw relatively brief service before being replaced in British service by the Rapier while Seacat saw longer service until being replaced by Sea Wolf and newer technology close in weapons systems Seacat and Tigercat were both successful in the export market and some remain in service to this day Contents 1 History 2 Design 3 Variants 3 1 GWS 20 3 2 GWS 21 3 3 GWS 22 3 4 GWS 24 3 5 Tigercat 3 6 Hellcat 3 7 Seacat Target 4 Service 4 1 Falklands conflict 4 2 Sweden 4 3 Australia 5 Operators 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Sources 10 External linksHistory EditSeacat traces its history to the Short Brothers of Belfast SX A5 experiments to convert the Malkara anti tank missile to radio control as a short range surface to air missile This led to further modifications as the Green Light prototype 1 and finally emerged as Seacat As it was based on an anti tank weapon the Seacat was small and flew at relatively slow subsonic speeds It was thought to be useful against first and second generation 1950s jet aircraft of Hawker Sea Hawk performance which were proving to be too difficult for the WWII era Bofors 40mm L60 guns to successfully intercept It ultimately replaced the Orange Nell development programme for a lighter weapon than the enormous Seaslug missile citation needed The first public reference to the name Seacat was April 1958 when Shorts was awarded a contract to develop a close in short range surface to air missile Royal Navy acceptance of Seacat as a point defence system a to replace the 40 L60 or the newer and more effective Bofors 40mm L70 with proximity fuzed shells It would also be useful against large slow anti shipping missiles like the Styx which was being deployed by the Warsaw Pact and various clients of the Soviet Union It was also seen as offering useful secondary roles as a lightweight weapon to use against light commercial shipping and fast attack craft citation needed The missile was shown for the first time to the general public at the 1959 Farnborough Air Show The first acceptance trials of the Seacat on a warship was in 1961 aboard HMS Decoy The Seacat became the first operational guided missile to be fired by a warship of the Royal Navy Later it was adopted by the Swedish Navy making it the first British guided missile to be fired by a foreign navy 2 Design EditThe Seacat is a small subsonic missile powered by a two stage solid fuel rocket motor It is steered in flight by four cruciformly arranged swept wings and is stabilised by four small tail fins It is guided by command line of sight CLOS via a radio link i e flight commands are transmitted to it from a remote operator with both the missile and target in sight 3 In some senses it was no more than an initially unguided subsonic rocket that took the controller about 7 seconds or 500 yd 460 m flight time to acquire and lock onto radar tracking and optical direction making it unsuitable for close in AA defence 4 Seacat was mounted on a powered four round launcher which was smaller than the Mark 5 Twin Bofors and STAAG type mountings it replaced It was also lighter easier to maintain and very easy to use b Variants EditInitially all Seacat installations used a 4 round 6 600 lb 3 000 kg trainable launcher but a 3 round 2 800 lb 1 300 kg launcher was later developed Both launchers were manually reloaded and carried an antenna for the radio command link All that was required to fit the system to a ship was the installation of a launcher the provision of a missile handling room and a suitable guidance system Seacat was used by NATO and Commonwealth navies that purchased British equipment and was exported worldwide It has also been integrated with a variety of alternative guidance systems the most common being Dutch HSA systems The four systems used by the Royal Navy are described below GWS 20 Edit GWS 20 Seacat launcher aboard HMS Cavalier Seacat launcher and GWS 22 director on HMNZS Wellington a Leander class frigate The operator s CCTV camera on the director and the orange dome housing the antenna for transmitting commands to the missile are visible Tigercat three missile launcher with inert training round right and transit covers in place SADF Hilda Tigercat missiles on launcher This Guided Weapon System 20 was the initial system which was intended to replace the twin 40 mm Bofors Mark V gun and its associated fire control systems The original director was based on the Simple Tachymetric Director STD and was entirely visual in operation The target was acquired visually with the missile being guided via a radio link by the operator inputting commands on a joystick Flares on the missile s tail fins aided identifying the missile HMS Eagle s GWS 20 was trialled on board HMS Decoy a Daring class destroyer in 1961 it was subsequently removed It was carried in active service by the Fearless class landing ships the Type 12M Rothesay class and Type 12I Leander class frigates the Type 61 Salisbury class air defence frigates HMS Lincoln and HMS Salisbury and the first group of County class destroyers HMS Kent and HMS London updated to GWS22 in the early 1970s It was originally intended that all C class destroyers should receive GWS20 and the class were prepared accordingly In the event only HMS Cavalier and HMS Caprice received it in 1966 refits GWS 20 saw active service in the Falklands war on board the Fearless class and the Rothesay frigates HMS Plymouth and HMS Yarmouth who retained the GWS 20 director when upgraded to GWS 22 GWS 21 Edit GWS 21 was the Seacat system associated with a modified Close Range Blind Fire analogue fire control director CRBFD with Type 262 radar This offered manual radar assisted Dark Fire tracking and guidance modes as well as eyeball visual modes It was carried as the design anti aircraft weapon of the Type 81 Tribal class frigate the four Battle class AD conversions on the first four County class destroyers HMNZS Otago and HMNZS Taranaki and the carrier HMS Eagle It was last used after sale to the Indonesian Navy and refit by Vosper Thornycroft in 1984 of the Type 81s Tartar Ashanti and Gurkha GWS 22 Edit GWS 22 was the Seacat system associated with the full MRS 3 fire control director with Type 904 radar and was the first ACLOS capable Automatic Command Line Of Sight Seacat It was fitted to most of the Leander Rothesay and County class escorts as they were refitted and modified in the 1970s as well as the aircraft carrier HMS Hermes It could operate in automatic radar guided Blindfire manual radar guided manual CCTV guided or in an emergency eyeball guided modes It saw active service in the Falklands onboard all these classes GWS 24 Edit The final Royal Navy Seacat variant this used the Italian Alenia Orion RTN 10X fire control system with Type 912 radar and was fitted only to the Type 21 frigate This variant saw active service in the Falklands Tigercat Edit A land based mobile version of Seacat based on a three round trailer mounted launcher towed by a Land Rover with a second trailer carrying fire control equipment Tigercat was used exclusively by 48 Squadron RAF Regiment between 1967 and 1978 before being replaced by Rapier Tigercat was also operated by Argentina India Iran Jordan South Africa 5 and Qatar Hellcat Edit Hellcat an air to surface version to give British Westland Wasp or Westland Wessex HU 5 helicopters a capability against fast attack craft and other high speed naval targets was considered in the late 1960s 6 Two missiles would be carried on a pair of pylons on the helicopter with an optical sight mounted through the cabin roof Hellcat was also considered for counter insurgency COIN purposes with four missiles carried on a militarised Short Skyvan 7 Despite being offered by Shorts for some years it does not seem to have been sold citation needed Seacat Target Edit Seacat Target is a specialised target vehicle based on the Seacat and is used to simulate sea skimming missiles for practising a ship s air defence against Introduced in 1986 it uses the first and second stages of Seacat with the addition of a special target head in place of the missile s warhead The target missile can be fired from the standard Seacat launcher 8 Service Edit Seacat upper and Sea Wolf missiles on display in IWM Duxford A Seacat launcher and M44 director at the Royal Australian Navy Heritage Centre Sydney The first warship to have the system fitted operationally was the Battle class destroyer HMS Corunna in February 1962 9 The Seacat became obsolete by the 1970s due to increasing aircraft speed and the introduction of supersonic sea skimming anti ship missiles In these cases the manually guided subsonic Seacat was totally unsuited to all but head on interceptions and then only with adequate warning A Seacat version was tested for intercepting targets flying at high speed near the water surface This version used a radar altimeter which kept the missile from being guided below a certain altitude above the surface and hence prevented the operator from flying the missile into the water This version was never ordered citation needed Falklands conflict Edit Despite being obsolete the Seacat was still widely fielded by the Royal Navy at the outbreak of the Falklands War and was the main anti aircraft defence of many ships It proved more reliable than the more modern Sea Wolf missile that had been recently introduced although HMS Ardent s launcher failed at a critical moment when the ship was under air attack Initial British postwar reports claimed that Seacat had destroyed eight aircraft but these did not stand up to scrutiny and no kill could be solely attributed to the Seacat despite it being fired on many occasions 10 Seacat may have been involved in the destruction of three Argentine A 4C Skyhawks although these aircraft were subjected to the full force of San Carlos air defences other claims to the same kills include Army Rapier and Blowpipe missiles and ship based 40 mm gunfire 11 On 12 June HMS Glamorgan launched a Seacat at an incoming Exocet missile which may have been deviated by the close detonation but not enough to cause a miss The destroyer was hit and heavily damaged in the attack 12 Argentina deployed Tigercats from GADA 601 Seven Tigercat launchers were captured by the British after the war some being ex RAF units After the Falklands conflict a radical and urgent re appraisal of anti aircraft weaponry was undertaken by the Royal Navy This saw Seacat rapidly withdrawn from service and replaced by modern weapons systems such as the Goalkeeper CIWS more modern 20 mm and 30 mm anti aircraft guns and new escorts carrying the Sea Wolf missile including the vertical launch version Sweden Edit The missiles were fitted to the four Swedish Ostergotland class destroyers replacing three Bofors L 70 guns a more modern and heavier variant than the Royal Navy s L 60 with a single launcher on each ship The Ostergotland class destroyers which were of late 1950s origin were retired in the early 1980s Australia Edit Seacat was mounted on all six River class destroyer escorts of the Royal Australian Navy and was removed from service when the final ship of this class was decommissioned in the late 1990s In their final variant fire control was provided by HSA M44 radar optical directors Secondary firing positions based on visual tracking of the target through binoculars mounted on a syncro feedback mount was also available HMAS Torrens was the final ship to live fire the system prior to its removal from service and this was also the only time three missiles were on the launcher and fired in sequence resulting in one miss and two hits on towed targets Operators Edit Map with Sea Cat operators in blue Argentina Argentine Army Four Tigercat launchers captured in the Falklands Conflict Argentine Navy Two Seacat launchers installed on the cruiser ARA General Belgrano in 1967 13 Argentine Marines Three Argentine Marines Tigercat launchers captured in the Falklands Conflict Now replaced with RBS 70 Australia Royal Australian Navy Brazil Brazilian Navy Chile Chilean Navy Germany Indonesia India Indian Army Tigercat Indian Navy Seacat Iran Imperial Iranian Air Force Tigercat Islamic Republic of Iran Army Tigercat Islamic Republic of Iran Navy Seacat Jordan Royal Jordanian Land Force Tigercat Libya Libyan Navy Malaysia Royal Malaysian Navy New Zealand Royal New Zealand Navy Netherlands Royal Netherlands Navy Nigeria Nigerian Navy Philippines Pakistan Pakistan Navy Type 21 frigate Qatar Military of Qatar Tigercat South Africa South African Air Force Tigercat known as Hilda locally 14 Sweden Swedish Navy Ostergotland class destroyers after refit Thailand Royal Thai Navy United Kingdom Royal Air Force Tigercat Royal Navy Seacat Venezuela Navy of Venezuela Zimbabwe Army of Zimbabwe TigercatSee also EditRainbow CodesNotes Edit Rear Admiral Enerble said in 1960 that Seacat was so accurate it could be directed through a small window in the Admiralty citation needed The RNZN officer sent to the UK to investigate Seacat in 1961 commented that it was so ridiculously easy to use we have to have it according to ret Capt Ian Bradley citation needed References Edit Flight International 1963 pp 437 442 Flight 1963 p 438 Flight 1963 p 437 A family of Weapons Weapon File Falklands 1983 p 275 Dean Wingrin The Airforce Weapons Missiles Hilda Tigercat SAM SAAE Archived from the original on 1 May 2012 Retrieved 18 July 2008 Missiles 1969 Great Britain Flight International 14 November 1968 p 792 Archived from the original on 3 September 2017 Retrieved 3 September 2017 Light Military Aircraft Flight International 13 December 1973 p 1012 Archived from the original on 3 September 2017 Retrieved 3 September 2017 Short Shows Seacat Target Flight International 21 September 1985 p 11 SEACAT GOES INTO BATTLE FEBRUARY 1962 ROSYTH ON BOARD HMS CORUNNA www iwm org uk Imperial War Museum Retrieved 12 June 2020 Hobson Chris Noble Andrew 2002 Falklands Air War Midland Publishing p 162 ISBN 1 85780 126 1 Smith Gordon 31 May 2013 Part 54 Argentine Aircraft Lost 3rd April 15th June 1982 Battle Atlas of the Falklands War 1982 by Land Sea and Air NavalHistory net originally published by Ian Allan 1989 Roberts John 2009 Safeguarding the Nation The Story of the Modern Royal Navy Seaforth Publishing p 294 ISBN 978 1848320437 Crucero General Belgrano C4 1951 Archived from the original on 26 January 2010 Retrieved 10 April 2012 Hilda Tigercat SAM Archived from the original on 1 May 2012 Retrieved 18 July 2008 Seacat The Guided Missile To Defend Small Ships Flight International 5 September 1963 pp 437 442 Archived from the original on 5 August 2017 Retrieved 3 September 2017 Sources EditNaval Armament Doug Richardson Jane s Publishing 1981 ISBN 0 531 03738 X Lippiett Captain John 1990 Type 21 Modern Combat Ships 5 Ian Allan ISBN 0 7110 1903 7 5th Infantry Brigade in the Falklands Nicholas Van der Bijl David Aldea Leo Cooper 2003 ISBN 0850529484 74 Days An Islander s Diary of the Falklands Occupation John Smith Century 1984 ISBN 0712603611 Friedman Norman 1989 World Naval Weapons Systems The Naval Institute Press ISBN 0 87021 793 3 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shorts Sea Cat Footage of test firings of Seacat 1959 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Seacat missile amp oldid 1152877461, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.