Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela
This article possibly contains original research. (April 2021) |
The Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela (Spanish: Armada Bolivariana de Venezuela), commonly known as the Venezuelan Navy, is the naval branch of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela.
| Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela | |
|---|---|
| Armada Bolivariana de Venezuela | |
Coat of Arms of the Navy | |
| Founded | 1811 |
| Country | Venezuela |
| Type | Navy |
| Role | Defense of Venezuela's coastline and maritime and inland waters |
| Size | 2 submarines, 2 frigates, 6 OPV, 25 patrol boats,4 landing ship tank, 3 auxiliary ships |
| Part of | National Armed Forces of Venezuela |
| Patron | Virgen del Valle |
| Motto(s) | Navigare necesse, vivere non necesse (Latin: "Sailing is necessary, but living is not".) |
| Colors | Navy blue |
| March | Marcha Epica de las Fuerzas Navales (English: "Grand March of the National Navy") |
| Anniversaries | July 24, Birthday of Simon Bolivar, Navy Day and Battle of Lake Maracaibo Anniversary |
| Engagements | Venezuelan War of Independence and the Battle of Lake Maracaibo |
| Commanders | |
| Commanding General, Venezuelan Navy | Admiral Giuseppe Alessandrello Cimadevilla[citation needed] |
| Inspector General, Venezuelan Navy | Vice Admiral Carlos José Vieira Acevedo[citation needed] |
| Insignia | |
| Naval ensign | |
| Naval jack | |
| Flag | |
The Venezuelan Navy serves the purpose of defending the naval sovereignty of Venezuela, including inland and fluvial security, and it also serves to prevent illegal activities on Venezuela's borders and collaborates with international organizations to safeguard international waters from criminal activities.
History
The Venezuelan Navy was born as a coastal defense force during the beginning of the Venezuelan War of Independence. In May 1810, Commander Lino de Clemente, a veteran officer of the Spanish Navy who joined the April 1810 coup against the colonial government, was appointed the first Minister of Defense of the republic and began the long building of the armed forces including the formation of the navy. In April 1811 the Nautical School, with Ensign Vicente Parrado as its first superintendent, was opened by order of the national government in La Guaira to train future naval officers, months before the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence, thus the Navy's origins start from this date, with its first vessels being those formerly used by the naval forces of the Captaincy General of Venezuela, and participated in its first actions in the campaigns in Guayana in 1811-12, the baptism of fire for the fledgling naval service. Colonel Antonio Mendoza from the Venezuelan Army was its first commanding general.
For a long time their vessels, even if obsolete, were maintained properly by its sailors. In 1937 the Navy acquired from Italy two gunboats of the Azio class and rechristened them General Soublette and General Urdaneta; these ships were retained in service until 1951[1] (for other sources in 1948[2] or 1950[3][4]) and scrapped later.[5][6]
Joint exercises
In September 2008, the Russian Navy's nuclear-powered missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, accompanied by three other ships of Russia's Northern Fleet, sailed from its base in Severomorsk on a cruise to the Caribbean Sea for a joint exercise with the Venezuelan Navy.[clarification needed] This action represented the first major Russian power projection in that region since the end of the Cold War.[7][8] The fleet of ships, headed by the nuclear-powered Pyotr Velikiy, set off from its base at Severomorsk in the Arctic on 22 September. Russian Navy spokesman Igor Dygalo told the AFP news agency, "It's the nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser Peter the Great, the anti-submarine warship Admiral Chebanenko and other accompanying ships". The other ships included a tug boat and supply ships.[9]
Crisis in Venezuela
During a 2019 crisis[clarification needed] in Venezuela, the Venezuelan Navy became engaged in the conflict when it began to prevent the entry of humanitarian aid into the country.[10] A ship departing from Puerto Rico attempted to ship aid into the Venezuelan port city of Puerto Cabello.[10] Six vessels of the Venezuelan Navy, including the Mariscal Sucre-class frigate Almirante Brion and patrol boats, were deployed to prevent the entry of the aid shipment.[11] The ship, carrying civilians, returned to Puerto Rico after the Venezuelan Navy threatened to "open fire" on the humanitarian ship.[10] Governor of Puerto Rico Ricardo Rossello, who ordered the return of the ship, stated that the act by the Venezuelan Navy was "unacceptable and shameful" and that Puerto Rico "notified our partners in the U.S. government about this serious incident".[12]
On 30 March 2020, the Venezuelan patrol boat Naiguatá sank after a collision with the polar ice class cruise liner RCGS Resolute, while in international waters.[13][14] According to RCGS Resolute's owner, the Coast Guard ship had fired shots[14] and ordered the cruise ship to follow it to Margarita Island, a Venezuelan harbour.[15] Naiguatá sank following the collision, with RCGS Resolute informing the international Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) of the incident and offering assistance. After staying in the area for an hour, RCGS Resolute was informed through MRCC that assistance was not required as Naiguatá's crew had been rescued by the Venezuelan Navy.[16] According to the Portuguese after-incident investigation, RCGS Resolute had departed Buenos Aires on 5 March and sailed to the Caribbean Sea. Was contacted by Venezuelan patrol boat Naiguatá on the night of 30 March. Two hours later, an unexpected change in Naiguatá's heading just before the collision may have been caused by a suction effect between the vessels as the faster patrol boat passed the bow of the cruise ship. Although the collision may have not been intentional ramming, the conclusion was nonetheless that the incident that led to the sinking of Naiguatá was a deliberate act initiated by the Venezuelan Navy rather than an accidental occurrence.[17]
As of 2016, Admiral Orlando Miguel Maneiro Gaspar is the Commanding General of the National Navy.[18]
The Naval Operations Command is commanded by the Chief of Naval Operations, currently Vice Admiral Antonio Díaz Clemente.[19] This command is aimed towards the defense of the territorial maritime and inland waters and the coastline of the nation, and by extension into its ground and air territories.
The command serves as the air arm of the Venezuelan Navy, with responsibility for air operations and transport for the entire Navy.[20]
Coast Guard Command
Headquartered in La Guaira, Vargas, it is responsible for the surveillance of Venezuelas jurisdictional waters.[21]
List of ships
| Class | Image | Type | Ships | Origin | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Submarine (2) | |||||
| Type 209 | Diesel-electric | S-31 Sábalo S-32 Caribe | Germany | 1,810 tonnes; operational status of both boats unclear as of 2020[22] | |
| Mini-Submarine (1+?) | |||||
| VAS 525 | Mini-submarine with reversible DC electric motor | N/A | Italy | 100 tonnes+;[23] additional boats may have been built or are under construction[24] | |
| Frigates (2) | |||||
| Mariscal Sucre class | Missile frigates |
| Italy | 2,506 tonnes | |
| Offshore patrol vessels (6) | |||||
| Guaiquerí class | Offshore patrol vessels | PC-21 Guaiquerí PC-23 Yekuana PC-24 Kariña[citation needed]
| Spain | 2,419 tons | |
| Guaicamacuto class | Offshore patrol vessels | GC-21 Guaicamacuto GC-22 Yavire GC-24 Comandante eterno Hugo Chávez[failed verification] (GC-23 Naiguatá sunk on 30 March 2020)[17] | Spain | 1,453 tons | |
| Gunboat (6) | |||||
| Constitución class | Gunboat | PC-11 Constitución PC-12 Federación PC-13 Independencia PC-14 Libertad PC-15 Patria PC-16 Victoria | United Kingdom | 950 tons | |
| Patrol boat (19) | |||||
| Págalo class | Patrol boat | PG-51 Págalo PG-52 Caricare | Netherlands | ||
| Fernando Gómez de Saa class | Patrol boat | PG-61 TN Fernando Gómez de Saa | Netherlands | ||
| Petrel class | Patrol boat | PG-31 Petrel PG-32 Alcatraz PG-33 Albatros PG-34 Pelícano | USA | ||
| Gavión class | Patrol boat | PG-401 Gavión PG-402 Alca PG-403 Bernacia PG-404 Chamán PG-405 Cormorán PG-406 Colimbo PG-407 Fardela PG-408 Sumarela PG-409 Negrón PG-410 Pigargo PG-411 Pagaza PG-412 Serreta | USA | ||
| Amphibious ship and service ships (11) | |||||
| Los Frailes class | Service ship | T-91 Los Frailes T-92 Los Testigos T-93 Los Roques T-94 Los Monjes[citation needed] | Cuba | ? | |
| Capana class | Landing Ship Tank | T-61 Capana T-62 Esequibo T-63 Goajira[citation needed] T-64 Los Llanos | South Korea | ? | |
| Ciudad Bolívar class | Supply ship | T-81 Ciudad Bolívar | South Korea | ? | |
| Bricbarc type Simón Bolívar | Training sailboat | BE-11 Simón Bolívar | Spain | ? | |
| Punta Brava class | Oceanographic ship | BO-11 Punta Brava | Spain | ? | |
Fleet forces and Coast Guard ship organization
Light frigates
- Two Lupo/Mariscal Sucre-class missile frigates class[25]
- F-21 Mariscal Sucre, in service 1980[26][needs update]
- F-22 Almirante Brion, in service 1981[26][needs update]
Offshore patrol vessels
- Four Spanish-made offshore patrol vessels of the Guaiquerí class. One ship, PC-22 Warao is out of service. It was taken to Fortaleza, Brazil following a grounding incident in 2012,[27] and subsequently to Rio de Janeiro.[28][29]
- PC-21 Guaiquerí, in service[30]
- Four Spanish-made offshore patrol vessels of the Guaicamacuto class. One ship, GC-23 Naiguatá, was sunk after it rammed a cruise ship in 2020.[31]
- GC-21 Guaicamacuto, in service[32]
- GC-22 Yavire, in service[citation needed]
- GC-24 Tamanaco, in service[citation needed]
Amphibious and service ships
- Four Capana-class LST.
- T-61 Capana, into service 1983, as of 2001[update].[26][needs update]
- T-64 Los Llanos, into service 1983, as of 2001[update].[26][needs update]
- Four Los Frailes-class LST
- One Ciudad Bolívar-class supply ship.
- T-81 Ciudad Bolívar, in service since 09-23-2001[33][full citation needed]
- One Bricbarc type/Simón Bolívar training sailboat.[34]
- BE-11 Simón Bolívar, in service since 08-6-1980[citation needed]
- One Almirante Francisco de Miranda-class tugboat[35]
- RA-11 Almirante Francisco de Miranda, in service since 28-03-2007[citation needed]
Coast guard ships
- Four USCG Point-class patrol boats, as of 2006[update].[34]
- 16 Gavion-class patrol boats.
- Damen Stan 2606 vessels, built in Venezuela, similar to the United States Coast Guard's Marine Protector class, as of 2008[update].[36][37] One already in service, 1 completed, 5 more to be built[38]
Airplanes
| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | In service as of 2021[update] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CASA C-212 | Spain | Maritime patrol/transport aircraft | C-212-200S43 Patrullero C-212-400 | 2 3[39] | |
| Beechcraft Super King Air | United States | Transport/liaison aircraft | B200 B90 | 1 1[39] | |
| Cessna 208 Caravan | United States | Transport aircraft | 1[39] | ||
| Turbo Commander | United States | Transport aircraft | 1[39] |
Note: The Navy has others two or three light aircraft.[citation needed]
Helicopters
| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | In service as of 2012[update] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mil Mi-17 | Russia | Assault/transport helicopter | Mi-17V-5 | 6[39] | |
| Harbin Z-9 | China | Anti-submarine warfare | 8 on order[39] | First delivery was planned for 2015, as of 2019 no unit has been seen operating the type. [40] | |
| Bell 206 | United States | Training light helicopter | TH-57A | 2[39] | |
| Bell 212 | United States | Assault/transport helicopter | 9[39] | One Bell 212 was taken out of service following an accident on 31 May 2018, which killed the pilot.[41] |
| Commanders of the Boliviarian Navy of Venezuela | |||
| Commanding general | Term of office | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| COL ANTONIO MENDOZA | 1811 - 1812 | ||
| ADM LUIS BRION DETROX | 1816 - 1820 | ||
| VADM LINO DE CLEMENTE Y PALACIOS | 1820 - 1822 | ||
| RADM AGUSTIN ARMARIO | 1822 - 1827 | ||
| CPT FELIPE SANTIAGO | 1827 - 1828 | ||
| RADM RENATO BELUCHE LAPORTE | 1828 - 1829 | ||
| CPT FELIPE SANTIAGO | 1829 - 1830 | ||
| CDR JOAQUÍN QUINTERO | 1860 | ||
| GEN MANUEL E., BRUZUAL | 1863 - 1868 | ||
| RADM JOSE RAMON YEPES MOREN | 1874 - 1879 | ||
| GEN FROILAN ANZOLA AQUINO | 1879 | ||
| GEN AGUSTIN COLL FONT | 1879 - 1880 | ||
| BRIG/RADM RAMON GIMENEZ GOMEZ | 1880 | ||
| GEN CARLOS T IRWIN | 1880 - 1882 | ||
| GEN FRANCISCO VARGUILLAS AQUINO | 1886 | ||
| GEN FRANCISCO CARABAÑO | 1886 - 1888 | ||
| GEN ANDRES EUSEBIO LEVEL | 1888 - 1892 | ||
| GEN JOSE A PEREZ CALVO | 1892 | ||
| GEN MARTIN JOSE VELARDE | 1892 - 1894 | ||
| GENERAL MANUEL ANTONIO SANCHEZ | 1894 - 1895 | ||
| GENERAL MANUEL SALVADOR BRICEÑO | 1895 - 1896 | ||
| GENERAL RAMON GORDILS | 1896 - 1897 | ||
| COL J M ESPAÑA NUÑEZ | 1897 - 1902 | ||
| COMMO MANUEL VICENTE CASTRO ZAVALA | 1902 - 1910 | ||
| COMMO ISMAEL PEREIRA ALVAREZ | 1910 - 1914 | ||
| GEN DR. NUMA POMPILIO OSUNA | 1914 - 1917 | ||
| COL MARIANO HENRIQUE LOPEZ MENDEZ | 1917 - 1931 | ||
| COL CARLOS SANCHEZ | 1931 - 1936 | ||
| CPT FELIPE LARRAZÀBAL | 1936 - 1940 | ||
| CPT ANTONIO PICARDI | 1940 - 1945 | ||
| RADM MANUEL ANTONIO VEGA GARCIA | 1945 - 1947 | ||
| CDR WOLFGANG LARRAZÀBAL UGUETO | 1947 - 1949 (first term) | ||
| CPT OSCAR EMILIO GHERSY GOMEZ | 1949 - 1958 | ||
| RADM WOLFGANG LARRAZABAL UGUETO | 1958 (second term, acting) | ||
| RADM CARLOS LARRAZABAL UGUETO | 1958 - 1962 | ||
| RADM RICARDO SOSA RIOS | 1962 - 1964 | ||
| RDML JUAN PEDRO TORREALBA MORALES | 1964 - 1967 | ||
| RADM JESUS CARBONELL IZQUIERDO | 1967 - 1969 | ||
| RDML JOSE CONSTANTINO SEIJAS VILLALOBOS | 1969 - 1973 | ||
| RDML ARMANDO PEREZ LEEFMANS | 1973 - 1974 | ||
| RDML ALFONSO MENDOZA RAMIREZ | 1974 - 1976 | ||
| RADM FELIX JESUS MENDOZA ACOSTA | 1976 - 1977 | ||
| RADM MAGIN MOISES LA GRAVE FRY | 1977 - 1979 | ||
| RDML ERNESTO JOSE REYES LEAL | 1979 - 1980 | ||
| RADM JESUS RAFEL BERTORELLI MORENO | 1980 - 1983 | ||
| RADM HAROLDO JOSE RODRIGUEZ FIGUEROA | 1983 - 1984 | ||
| RADM JUSTO PASTOR FERNANDEZ MARQUEZ | 1984 - 1986 | ||
| RADM DIOFANTE ANTONIO TORREALBA CHAPARRO | 1986 - 1987 | ||
| RADM FAUSTINO EDUVIGIS ALVARADO RODRIGUEZ | 1987 - 1989 | ||
| RADM HECTOR RICARDO JURADO TORO | 1989 - 1990 | ||
| RADM JUAN ARGENIS GARCIA | 1990 - 1991 | ||
| RADM IGNACIO PEÑA CIMARRO | 1991 - 1993 | ||
| RADM JULIAN ENRIQUE MAUCO QUINTANA | 1993 - 1994 | ||
| RADM CARLOS AUGUSTO RAMOS FLORES | 1994 - 1995 | ||
| RADM JESUS ENRIQUE BRICEÑO GARCIA | 1995 - 1996 | ||
| RADM OSCAR JOSE MORALES MARTINEZ | 1996 - 1997 | ||
| RADM JULIO HENRY CHACON HERNANDEZ | 1997 - 1999 | ||
| RADM OSWALDO PASCUAL QUINTANA CASTRO | 1999 - 2000 | ||
| RADM JORGE M., SIERRAALTA ZAVARCE | 2000 - 2002 | ||
| RADM FERNANDO MIGUEL CAMEJO ARENAS | 2002 - 2003 | ||
| RADM RAMON ORLANDO MANIGLIA FERREIRA | 2003 - 2004 (Later appointed Minister of Defense) | ||
| RADM ARMANDO JOSE LAGUNA LAGUNA | 2004 - 2007 | ||
| RADM BENIGNO REMIGIO CALVO Díaz | 2007 - 2008 | ||
| VADM ZAIM QUINTANA CASTRO | 2008 - 2009 | ||
| VADM CARLOS ANIASI TURCHIO | 2010 - 2011 | ||
| VADM DIEGO MOLERO BELLAVIA | 2011 - 2012 (Later appointed Minister of Defense)[citation needed] | ||
| VADM DIEGO ANTONIO GUERRA BARRETO | 2012 - 2013[citation needed] | ||
| VADM GILBERTO AMILCAR PINTO BLANCO | 2013 - 2014[citation needed] | ||
| VADM JAIRO AVENDAÑO QUINTERO | 2014 - 2015[citation needed] | ||
| VADM FRANKLIN MONTPLAISIER | 2015–2016[citation needed] | ||
| VADM ORLANDO GASPAR | 2016–2017[citation needed] | ||
| VADM EDGLIS EMILIO BALZA | 2017-2018[citation needed] | ||
| VADM GIUSEPPE CIMADEVILLA | 2018–present[citation needed] | ||
Professional and enlisted
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela[42] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sargento supervisor | Sargento ayudante | Sargento mayor de primera | Sargento mayor de segunda | Sargento mayor de tercera | Sargento primero | Sargento segundo | Cabo primero | Cabo segundo | Distinguido | Marinero raso | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Officers
| Rank group | General/flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Officer cadet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela[43][44][45] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Almirante en jefe | Almirante | Vicealmirante | Contraalmirante | Capitán de navío | Capitán de fragata | Capitán de corbeta | Teniente de navío | Teniente de fragata | Alferez de navío | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
References
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "oceania / IN Ostia-1926". from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
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- ^ Polanco, Anggy; Armas, Mayela; Bocanegra, Nelson (24 February 2019). "Venezuela's Guaido says "all options open" after Maduro blocks aid". Thomson Reuters Foundation. from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
- ^ "The Strange Saga of RCGS Resolute". The Maritime Executive.
- ^ a b Gibbs, Stephen (3 April 2020). "Venezuelan navy ship sinks after ramming reinforced cruise liner". The Times. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ Kévin STORME (3 April 2020). "Un navire de croisière coule un patrouilleur du Vénézuela". Le Marin (in French). Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
According to CCS, the patrol ship contacted RCGS Resolute before ordering him to follow him to Margarita Island.
- ^ "Kriegsschiff rammt Passagierschiff und sinkt". Bild (in German). Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ a b Relatório de Investigação Técnica / Investigation report (PDF) (Report) (in Portuguese). Gabinete de Investigação de Acidentes Marítimos e da Autoridade para a Meteorologia Aeronáutica (GAMA). 6 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
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- ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-04-06. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
- ^ Jane's Fighting Ships 2005-2006, ISBN 0-7106-2692-4 p.923
- ^ "The Mystery of the Venezuelan Navy's Submarines". Forbes.
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- ^ "New Intelligence: The Venezuelan Navy's Secret Submarine". Forbes.
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- ^ Alexandre Galante (2015-04-30). "Crise entre Caracas e Madri congela relação da indústria espanhola com a frota venezuelana - Poder Naval - A informação naval comentada e discutida". Naval.com.br. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
- ^ "El patrullero oceánico Warao (PC-22) de la Armada de Venezuela será reparado en Brasil". infodefense.com (in Spanish). 9 January 2013. from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
- ^ "El patrullero oceánico Warao de la Armada de Venezuela arriba a Río de Janeiro para su eventual reparación". infodefense.com (in Spanish). 7 March 2013.
- ^ [1] 2011-10-09 at the Wayback Machine Navantia entrega a la Armada venezolana el primer Patrullero Oceánico de Vigilancia
- ^ "Venezuelan Navy OPV sinks after collision with passenger ship". Shepherd News. 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ "Navantia Launches and Commissions Two OPVs to Venezuelan Navy". from the original on 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
- ^ "A.R.B.V. CIUDAD BOLIVAR T-81 - ShipSpotting.com - Ship Photos and Ship Tracker". from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ a b Jane's Fighting Ships 2005-2006, ISBN 0-7106-2692-4 p.925
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2015-02-28.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Mauricio Miranda (2008-02-26). [Analyze acquisition of a cutter in Venezuela]. El Nuevo Diario. Archived from the original on 2014-02-19. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
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- ^ a b c d e f g h "World Air Forces 2021". FlightGlobal. 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
- ^ [ http://dmilt.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7868:venezuela-navy-orders-chinese-z-9-asw-helicopters&catid=35:latin-america&Itemid=58[permanent dead link] Venezuela; Navy orders Chinese Z-9 ASW helicopters] - Dmilt.com, 7 September 2013
- ^ "Una teniente de fragata muerta y un oficial herido tras precipitarse helicóptero a tierra en Puerto Cabello - El Carabobeño". El Carabobeño (in European Spanish). 2018-05-31. Retrieved 2018-06-01.
- ^ . ejercito.mil.ve. Government of Venezuela. 28 August 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019.
- ^ . ejercito.mil.ve. Government of Venezuela. 28 August 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019.
- ^ . ejercito.mil.ve. Government of Venezuela. 28 August 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019.
- ^ . ejercito.mil.ve. Government of Venezuela. 28 August 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019.
External links
- (in Spanish)
- (in Spanish) Sitio oficial de la Armada Bolivariana de Venezuela
- Venezuela Naval Forces (Fuerzas Navales or Armada)