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Scotophilus

January 01, 1970

Scotophilus is a genus of vespertilionid bats commonly called yellow bats. They are found in southern Asia and Africa. They are the only members of the tribe Scotophilini.[1]

Scotophilus
An unidentified Scotophilus, possibly Scotophilus dinganii
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
Tribe: Scotophilini
Hill and Harrison, 1987
Genus: Scotophilus
Leach, 1821
Type species
Scotophilus kuhlii
Leach, 1821
Species

See text

Species edit

Physical characteristics edit

The African yellow house bat (Scotophilus dinganii) is larger than the lesser Asiatic yellow house bat but smaller than the giant yellow house bat. The average body length is 130 mm and the weight is about 27 grams. The African yellow house bat's face looks similar to that of a dog. The wings can be shades of either olive, grey or red. The back is covered with soft, short fur with a hint of brown, and the abdomen is covered with bright yellow fur. The color of the interfemoral membrane is brown and transparent.[3]

The lesser Asiatic yellow house bat (S. kuhlii) is smaller and leaner than the African yellow house bat. The total body length is about 120 mm and the average body weight is around 16 grams.[3] The forearm length can extend up to 52 mm. A unique physical characteristic of the lesser yellow house bat is the tail, which is long and covered with the interfemoral membrane between the hind legs. The lesser Asiatic yellow house bat has pointy ears and a dog-like face with a dull muzzle. The lesser Asiatic yellow house bat has soft dense yellowish-brown fur on the back. The abdomen fur is composed of either a white or off-white color.[4][5]

The greater Asiatic yellow house bat (Scotophilus heathii) is yellow-brown in color with a small hint of green on the back. The average forearm length is about 58 mm. The face of the greater Asiatic yellow house bat, like the other two, also resembles a dog's face. The belly is covered with bright yellow fur.[6]

Behavior and ecology edit

Although an individual may roost singly, yellow house bats are grouping mammals. The amount of grouping yellow house bats varies depending on the capacity of a living place. A large cave can generate colonies of less than a hundred; otherwise, groups of 12 to 30 bats max is the common grouping amount in artificial habitats. Some yellow house bats may have more than just one roosting site around the foraging areas. This behavior serves as a mechanism of avoiding predation, interpreted by biologists. Yellow house bats are quite common in suburban areas. They live in nooks and crannies of houses, and are very quiet. Thus, it is difficult for humans to detect their movements nearby because they tend to fly very low at a steady speed, and they only go out for food when the sun sets. Once they go out for food, they continue to feast for approximately 2 hours to reach their full satiety, then rest during daytime. [3][5]

Reproduction edit

Like most other species of bats, yellow house bats give birth annually. A birth will often consist of two twin bats. The newborn bats are capable of flight at a very early age, allowing them to defend themselves and participate in the feeding frenzy.[3] Yellow house bats have a unique method of ensuring its pups' survival. When these bats breed, the female will postpone fertilization if necessary in order to time the birth so that the pups are born when prey is at its peak in numbers.[5] Yellow house bats are polygynous; they have multiple sexual partners during their mating season. The males of this species are competitive for female attention. They will defend the female if other males come into its territory.[7] The range of a male's territory depends on the resources that are readily available at the time.[7] The more abundant the food and shelter for the male, the smaller the territory it needs to defend. The female moves from roost-to-roost, usually in different male territories. Yellow house bats feed for about two hours a day.

Diet edit

Yellow house bats are fond of small insects. Depending on the habitats at the different regions, yellow house bats have different food preys. They prefer to feed on airborne insects, hymenopterans and dipterans, which can be found under the canopies of tall trees and riparian forests at nights. Small insects such as wasps, bees, moths, and beetles are all fearful of yellow house bats. Larger soft-bodied insects can also become yellow house bats' food.

Predators edit

Although secondary consumers such as owls, hawks, raccoons, snakes and gymnogene consume yellow house bats, these animals do not target bats as a primary food source due to the bats' nocturnal activity, while other predators tend to be diurnal.[8]

Habitat and distribution edit

 
Scotophilus kuhlii from the Philippines. They are commonly found in man-made structures.

Yellow house bats live in various habitats, ranging from woodland savannas, forests to mountains. However, they can also co-exist with humans in rural and urban areas. In the natural environments, they roost in dark caves, the dried leaves of palm trees, hollow tree trunks and so forth. In the vicinity of people, they live in crevices, cracks and holes in building walls, on the roofs of old houses and between overlapping corrugated iron sheets. Yellow house bats derive their name from their ease of adaptation to human presence. Whether they reside in natural surroundings or man-made constructions, they tuck themselves into narrow dark clefts. Some yellow house bats have a high tolerance for harsh weather; it is reported that African Yellow House Bats can live in both dry and moist Saharan habitats.[9][10][11][12][13]

The Sulawesi Yellow House Bat (Scotophilus celebensis) received its name from its location in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The population is currently unknown, as is the population trend. They tend to live in rather small colonies.[9]

The Sody's Yellow House Bat (Scotophilus collinus) can be found in western Java, Bali, Lombok, Flores, Timor, Semau and Rote islands in Indonesia, and Sabah in Malaysian Borneo. They have also been found on Lembata and the Aru Islands, possibly also on two islands in Indonesia. Like the Sulawesi Yellow House Bat, very little to nothing about its population is known.[10]

The African Yellow (House) Bat (Scotophilus dinganii) has a range in sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal and the Gambia in the west to Ethiopia in the east, south to South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini. There is no recording of this bat's population either.[11]

The Greater Asiatic Yellow House Bat (Scotophilus heathii), also known as the Common Yellow House Bat, is located in South and Southeast Asia, ranging throughout China, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The bat has been documented from sea level to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). The population is high and stable.[12]

The Lesser Asiatic Yellow House Bat (Scotophilu kuhlii) has a range similar to that of the Greater Asiatic Yellow House Bat's location, with the exception of some countries. The population trend is also the same as the Greater Asiatic Yellow House Bat.[13]

References edit

  1. ^ "ITIS - Report: Scotophilini". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  2. ^ Brooks, D. M.; Bickham, J. W. (2014). "New species of Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Sub-Saharan Africa" (PDF). Museum of Texas Tech University (326).
  3. ^ a b c d Kruger National Park. "Yellow House Bat". Siyabona Africa. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
  4. ^ Baker, Nike. "Asiatic Lesser Yellow House Bat". Ecology Asia.
  5. ^ a b c Kruger National Park. "Lesser Yellow House Bat". Siyabona Africa. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
  6. ^ "Scotophilus heathii". Bats in China. University of Bristol. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  7. ^ a b Crichton, Elizabeth G; Krutzsh, Philip H. Reproductive biology of bats. Academic Press, 2000
  8. ^ Carstens, Brian. . Informational articles about bats. Archived from the original on 2009-02-25.
  9. ^ a b Hutson, A.M.; Kingston, T.; Francis, C.; Suyanto, A. (30 June 2008). "Scotophilus celebensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 30 June 2008. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T20065A9141459.en.
  10. ^ a b Sinaga, U.; Maryanto, I. (30 June 2008). "Scotophilus collinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 30 June 2008. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136612A4318302.en.
  11. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Griffin, M. (31 August 2016). "Scotophilus dinganii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 31 August 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T20066A22030888.en.
  12. ^ a b Bates, P.; Csorba, G.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (30 June 2008). "Scotophilus heathii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 30 June 2008. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T20067A9142155.en.
  13. ^ a b Bates, P.; Kingston, T.; Francis, C.; Rosell-Ambal, G.; Heaney, L.; Gonzales, J.-C.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (30 June 2008). "Scotophilus kuhlii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 30 June 2008. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T20068A9142479.en.

Further reading edit

  • JACOBS, D. S.; EICK, G.N.; SCHOEMAN, M.C.; MATTHEE, C.A. 2006. Cryptic species in an insectivorous bat, Scotophilus dinganii. Journal of Mammalogy 87: 161–170.
  • GOODMAN, S. M.; JENKINS, R. K. B.; RATRIMOMANARIVO, F. H. (2005). A review of the genus Scotophilus (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) on Madagascar, with the description of a new species. Zoosystema 27 (4), 867–882.
  • GOODMAN, S. M.; RATRIMOMANARIVO, F. H.; RANDRIANANDRIANINA, F. H. (2006). A new species of Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from western Madagascar. Acta Chiropterologica 8 (1), 21–37.
  • Altringham, John. Bats: Biology and Behavior. Oxford University Press, 1996
  • Crichton, Elizabeth G; Krutzsh, Philip H. Reproductive biology of bats. Academic Press, 2000
  • David S Jacobs, Geeta N Eick, M Corrie Schoeman, Conrad A Matthee. "CRYPTIC SPECIES IN AN INSECTIVOROUS BAT, SCOTOPHILUS DINGANII."Journal of Mammalogy 87.1(2006):161-170.
  • M. van der Merwe, "Amniogenesis in the African yellow bat, Scotophilus dinganii". African Zoology, 15627020, Oct2006, Vol. 41, Issue 2.

January 01, 1970
scotophilus, genus, vespertilionid, bats, commonly, called, yellow, bats, they, found, southern, asia, africa, they, only, members, tribe, scotophilini, unidentified, possibly, dinganii, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animalia, phylum,. Scotophilus is a genus of vespertilionid bats commonly called yellow bats They are found in southern Asia and Africa They are the only members of the tribe Scotophilini 1 Scotophilus An unidentified Scotophilus possibly Scotophilus dinganii Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Chiroptera Family Vespertilionidae Subfamily Vespertilioninae Tribe ScotophiliniHill and Harrison 1987 Genus ScotophilusLeach 1821 Type species Scotophilus kuhliiLeach 1821 Species See text Contents 1 Species 2 Physical characteristics 3 Behavior and ecology 3 1 Reproduction 3 2 Diet 3 3 Predators 4 Habitat and distribution 5 References 6 Further readingSpecies editEast African yellow bat Scotophilus altilis Andrew Rebori s house bat Scotophilus andrewreborii 2 Lesser yellow bat Scotophilus borbonicus Sulawesi yellow bat Scotophilus celebensis Eritrean yellow bat Scotophilus colias Sody s yellow bat Scotophilus collinus African yellow bat Scotophilus dinganii Ejeta s yellow bat Scotophilus ejetai Greater Asiatic yellow bat Scotophilus heathi Lesser Asiatic yellow bat Scotophilus kuhlii White bellied yellow bat Scotophilus leucogaster Livingstone s yellow bat Scotophilus livingstonii Marovaza yellow bat Scotophilus marovaza Schreber s yellow bat Scotophilus nigrita Western greenish yellow bat Scotophilus nigritellus Robbins s yellow bat Scotophilus nucella Nut colored yellow bat Scotophilus nux Robust yellow bat Scotophilus robustus Malagasy yellow bat Scotophilus tandrefana Trujillo s yellow bat Scotophilus trujilloi Eastern greenish yellow bat Scotophilus viridisPhysical characteristics editThe African yellow house bat Scotophilus dinganii is larger than the lesser Asiatic yellow house bat but smaller than the giant yellow house bat The average body length is 130 mm and the weight is about 27 grams The African yellow house bat s face looks similar to that of a dog The wings can be shades of either olive grey or red The back is covered with soft short fur with a hint of brown and the abdomen is covered with bright yellow fur The color of the interfemoral membrane is brown and transparent 3 The lesser Asiatic yellow house bat S kuhlii is smaller and leaner than the African yellow house bat The total body length is about 120 mm and the average body weight is around 16 grams 3 The forearm length can extend up to 52 mm A unique physical characteristic of the lesser yellow house bat is the tail which is long and covered with the interfemoral membrane between the hind legs The lesser Asiatic yellow house bat has pointy ears and a dog like face with a dull muzzle The lesser Asiatic yellow house bat has soft dense yellowish brown fur on the back The abdomen fur is composed of either a white or off white color 4 5 The greater Asiatic yellow house bat Scotophilus heathii is yellow brown in color with a small hint of green on the back The average forearm length is about 58 mm The face of the greater Asiatic yellow house bat like the other two also resembles a dog s face The belly is covered with bright yellow fur 6 Behavior and ecology editAlthough an individual may roost singly yellow house bats are grouping mammals The amount of grouping yellow house bats varies depending on the capacity of a living place A large cave can generate colonies of less than a hundred otherwise groups of 12 to 30 bats max is the common grouping amount in artificial habitats Some yellow house bats may have more than just one roosting site around the foraging areas This behavior serves as a mechanism of avoiding predation interpreted by biologists Yellow house bats are quite common in suburban areas They live in nooks and crannies of houses and are very quiet Thus it is difficult for humans to detect their movements nearby because they tend to fly very low at a steady speed and they only go out for food when the sun sets Once they go out for food they continue to feast for approximately 2 hours to reach their full satiety then rest during daytime 3 5 Reproduction edit Like most other species of bats yellow house bats give birth annually A birth will often consist of two twin bats The newborn bats are capable of flight at a very early age allowing them to defend themselves and participate in the feeding frenzy 3 Yellow house bats have a unique method of ensuring its pups survival When these bats breed the female will postpone fertilization if necessary in order to time the birth so that the pups are born when prey is at its peak in numbers 5 Yellow house bats are polygynous they have multiple sexual partners during their mating season The males of this species are competitive for female attention They will defend the female if other males come into its territory 7 The range of a male s territory depends on the resources that are readily available at the time 7 The more abundant the food and shelter for the male the smaller the territory it needs to defend The female moves from roost to roost usually in different male territories Yellow house bats feed for about two hours a day Diet edit Yellow house bats are fond of small insects Depending on the habitats at the different regions yellow house bats have different food preys They prefer to feed on airborne insects hymenopterans and dipterans which can be found under the canopies of tall trees and riparian forests at nights Small insects such as wasps bees moths and beetles are all fearful of yellow house bats Larger soft bodied insects can also become yellow house bats food Predators edit Although secondary consumers such as owls hawks raccoons snakes and gymnogene consume yellow house bats these animals do not target bats as a primary food source due to the bats nocturnal activity while other predators tend to be diurnal 8 Habitat and distribution edit nbsp Scotophilus kuhlii from the Philippines They are commonly found in man made structures Yellow house bats live in various habitats ranging from woodland savannas forests to mountains However they can also co exist with humans in rural and urban areas In the natural environments they roost in dark caves the dried leaves of palm trees hollow tree trunks and so forth In the vicinity of people they live in crevices cracks and holes in building walls on the roofs of old houses and between overlapping corrugated iron sheets Yellow house bats derive their name from their ease of adaptation to human presence Whether they reside in natural surroundings or man made constructions they tuck themselves into narrow dark clefts Some yellow house bats have a high tolerance for harsh weather it is reported that African Yellow House Bats can live in both dry and moist Saharan habitats 9 10 11 12 13 The Sulawesi Yellow House Bat Scotophilus celebensis received its name from its location in Sulawesi Indonesia The population is currently unknown as is the population trend They tend to live in rather small colonies 9 The Sody s Yellow House Bat Scotophilus collinus can be found in western Java Bali Lombok Flores Timor Semau and Rote islands in Indonesia and Sabah in Malaysian Borneo They have also been found on Lembata and the Aru Islands possibly also on two islands in Indonesia Like the Sulawesi Yellow House Bat very little to nothing about its population is known 10 The African Yellow House Bat Scotophilus dinganii has a range in sub Saharan Africa from Senegal and the Gambia in the west to Ethiopia in the east south to South Africa Lesotho and Eswatini There is no recording of this bat s population either 11 The Greater Asiatic Yellow House Bat Scotophilus heathii also known as the Common Yellow House Bat is located in South and Southeast Asia ranging throughout China Thailand Vietnam Cambodia Afghanistan Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan and Sri Lanka The bat has been documented from sea level to 1 500 metres 4 900 ft The population is high and stable 12 The Lesser Asiatic Yellow House Bat Scotophilu kuhlii has a range similar to that of the Greater Asiatic Yellow House Bat s location with the exception of some countries The population trend is also the same as the Greater Asiatic Yellow House Bat 13 References edit ITIS Report Scotophilini www itis gov Retrieved 2021 09 17 Brooks D M Bickham J W 2014 New species of Scotophilus Chiroptera Vespertilionidae from Sub Saharan Africa PDF Museum of Texas Tech University 326 a b c d Kruger National Park Yellow House Bat Siyabona Africa Retrieved 20 May 2009 Baker Nike Asiatic Lesser Yellow House Bat Ecology Asia a b c Kruger National Park Lesser Yellow House Bat Siyabona Africa Retrieved 20 May 2009 Scotophilus heathii Bats in China University of Bristol Retrieved 26 May 2009 a b Crichton Elizabeth G Krutzsh Philip H Reproductive biology of bats Academic Press 2000 Carstens Brian What Do Bats Eat Informational articles about bats Archived from the original on 2009 02 25 a b Hutson A M Kingston T Francis C Suyanto A 30 June 2008 Scotophilus celebensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 30 June 2008 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2008 RLTS T20065A9141459 en date doi mismatch a b Sinaga U Maryanto I 30 June 2008 Scotophilus collinus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 30 June 2008 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2008 RLTS T136612A4318302 en date doi mismatch a b Monadjem A Griffin M 31 August 2016 Scotophilus dinganii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 31 August 2016 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 2 RLTS T20066A22030888 en date doi mismatch a b Bates P Csorba G Molur S Srinivasulu C 30 June 2008 Scotophilus heathii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 30 June 2008 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2008 RLTS T20067A9142155 en date doi mismatch a b Bates P Kingston T Francis C Rosell Ambal G Heaney L Gonzales J C Molur S Srinivasulu C 30 June 2008 Scotophilus kuhlii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 30 June 2008 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2008 RLTS T20068A9142479 en date doi mismatchFurther reading editJACOBS D S EICK G N SCHOEMAN M C MATTHEE C A 2006 Cryptic species in an insectivorous bat Scotophilus dinganii Journal of Mammalogy 87 161 170 GOODMAN S M JENKINS R K B RATRIMOMANARIVO F H 2005 A review of the genus Scotophilus Mammalia Chiroptera Vespertilionidae on Madagascar with the description of a new species Zoosystema 27 4 867 882 GOODMAN S M RATRIMOMANARIVO F H RANDRIANANDRIANINA F H 2006 A new species of Scotophilus Chiroptera Vespertilionidae from western Madagascar Acta Chiropterologica 8 1 21 37 Altringham John Bats Biology and Behavior Oxford University Press 1996 Crichton Elizabeth G Krutzsh Philip H Reproductive biology of bats Academic Press 2000 David S Jacobs Geeta N Eick M Corrie Schoeman Conrad A Matthee CRYPTIC SPECIES IN AN INSECTIVOROUS BAT SCOTOPHILUS DINGANII Journal of Mammalogy 87 1 2006 161 170 M van der Merwe Amniogenesis in the African yellow bat Scotophilus dinganii African Zoology 15627020 Oct2006 Vol 41 Issue 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Scotophilus amp oldid 1182188026, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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