Upon its conquest, the peninsula was made a sanjak of the Rumelia Eyalet, with its capital first at Corinth (Turk. Kordos or Gördes), later in Leontari (Londari), Mystras (Mezistre or Misistire) and finally in Nauplion (Tr. Anaboli).[5] Since the 16th century, Mystras formed a separate sanjak, usually attached to the Eyalet of the Archipelago rather than Rumelia.[6]
Creation of the eyalet, Venetian interlude and second Ottoman periodedit
Sometime in the mid-17th century, as attested by the traveller Evliya Çelebi, the Morea became the centre of a separate eyalet, with Patras (Ballibadra) as its capital.[7] The Venetians occupied the entire peninsula during the successful Morean War (1684–1699), establishing the "Kingdom of the Morea" (It. Regno di Morea) to rule the country. Venetian rule lasted until the Ottoman reconquest in 1715.[8]
The Morea Eyalet was re-established, headed by the Mora valesi, who until 1780 was a pasha of the first rank (with three horsetails) and held the title of vizier. After 1780 and until the Greek War of Independence, the province was headed by a muhassil. The pasha of the Morea was aided by a number of subordinate officials, including a Christian translator (dragoman), who was the senior Christian official of the province.[9] The capital was first at Nauplia, but after 1786 at Tripolitza (Tr. Trabliçe).[5]
The Moreote Christians rose against the Ottomans with Russian aid during the so-called "Orlov Revolt" of 1770, but it was swiftly and brutally suppressed. As a result, the total population decreased during this time, while the proportion of the Muslim element in it increased. Nevertheless, the privileges granted to the Orthodox population with the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji, especially the right to trade under the Russian flag, led to a considerable economic flowering of the local Greeks, which, coupled with the increased cultural contacts with Western Europe (Modern Greek Enlightenment) and the inspiring ideals of the French Revolution, laid the groundwork for the Greek War of Independence.[9]
During the Greek War of Independence, most of the peninsula fell to the Greek rebels in 1821–1822, but internal conflicts among the rebels and the arrival of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in 1825 almost extinguished the rebellion by 1826. The intervention of British, French and Russian naval troops in the Battle of Navarino forced the Ottoman and Egyptian troops to evacuate the Morea by 1 October 1828. Finally, Greece became independent from the Ottoman Empire with Treaty of Adrianople.
Administrative divisionsedit
According to Evliya, at the time of his visit the eyalet comprised the sanjaks of Misistire, Aya Maura (Lefkada), Aynabahti (Lepanto), Karli-Eli, Manya (Mani Peninsula) and Ballibadra (Patras), i.e. it encompassed also the portions of western and central Continental Greece.[7][10]
Throughout both Ottoman periods, Morea was also divided into a number of smaller districts (kazas, kadiluks or beyliks), whose number varied but was usually between 22 and 25, and reached 27 by 1784.[4][5] In the mid-17th century, when the Morea was still a sanjak, these were, according to Hajji Khalifa: Kordos, Arhos (Argos), Anaboli, Firina, Ayapetri (Agios Petros), Ruya, Manya (de facto free of Ottoman control), Kalavrita (Kalavryta), Kartina (Karytaina), Londari, Andrusa (Androusa), Koron, Motun, Anavarin, Arkadya (Kyparissia), Fanar (Fanari), Holomiç (Chlemoutsi), Voştiçe (Aigio), Ballibadra/Balye Badre. In addition, Misistra, Menceşe (Monemvasia) and Kalamata belonged to the sanjak of Misistire/Mezistre.[4][11]
Referencesedit
^. Geonames.de. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
^Rumeli und Bosna, geographisch beschrieben, von Mustafa ben Abdalla Hadschi Chalfa. Aus dem Türkischen übersetzt von J. v. Hammer (in German). Vienna: Verlag des Kunst- und Industrie-Comptors. 1812. pp. 111–125.
Birken, Andreas [in German] (1976). Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches [The Provinces of the Ottoman Empire]. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, 13 (in German). Reichert. ISBN3-920153-56-1.
Evliya Çelebi (2005). Εβλιγιά Τσελεμπί: Οδοιπορικό στην Ελλάδα (1668 - 1671) [Evliya Çelebi: Travels in Greece (1668 - 1671)] (in Greek). transl. by D. Loupis. Athens: Ekati. ISBN960-7437-07-1.
Zarinebaf, Fariba; Bennet, John; Davis, Jack L. (2005). A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece: The Southwestern Morea in the 18th Century. Hesperia Supplement 34. The American School of Classical Studies at Athens. ISBN0-87661-534-5.
October 28, 2023
morea, eyalet, eyalet, morea, ottoman, turkish, ایالت, موره, eyālet, mōrâ, first, level, province, eyalet, ottoman, empire, centred, peloponnese, peninsula, southern, greece, eyālet, mōrâeyalet, ottoman, empire1661, 1686, 1715, 1821flagthe, 1795capitalcorinth,. The Eyalet of the Morea Ottoman Turkish ایالت موره Eyalet i Mōra 1 was a first level province eyalet of the Ottoman Empire centred on the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece Eyalet i MōraEyalet of the Ottoman Empire1661 1686 1715 1821FlagThe Morea Eyalet in 1795CapitalCorinth Nauplia TripolitzaArea Coordinates37 56 N 22 56 E 37 933 N 22 933 E 37 933 22 933HistoryHistory Ottoman conquest of the Morea1661 Venetian occupation1685 7 Ottoman reconquest1715 Orlov Revolt1770 Greek War of Independence1821 De jure to 1829 Preceded by Succeeded byEyalet of the ArchipelagoKingdom of the Morea Kingdom of the MoreaFirst Hellenic Republic Contents 1 History 1 1 From the Ottoman conquest to the 17th century 1 2 Creation of the eyalet Venetian interlude and second Ottoman period 2 Administrative divisions 3 References 4 SourcesHistory editFrom the Ottoman conquest to the 17th century edit The Ottoman Empire overran the Peloponnese between 1458 and 1460 conquering the last remnants of the Byzantine Empire with the exception of the Venetian strongholds 2 which were taken gradually over decades of intermittent Ottoman Venetian Wars Coron and Modon fell in 1500 and by 1540 the Ottoman conquest of the Peloponnese had been completed with the capture of Monemvasia and Nauplion 3 4 Upon its conquest the peninsula was made a sanjak of the Rumelia Eyalet with its capital first at Corinth Turk Kordos or Gordes later in Leontari Londari Mystras Mezistre or Misistire and finally in Nauplion Tr Anaboli 5 Since the 16th century Mystras formed a separate sanjak usually attached to the Eyalet of the Archipelago rather than Rumelia 6 Creation of the eyalet Venetian interlude and second Ottoman period edit Sometime in the mid 17th century as attested by the traveller Evliya Celebi the Morea became the centre of a separate eyalet with Patras Ballibadra as its capital 7 The Venetians occupied the entire peninsula during the successful Morean War 1684 1699 establishing the Kingdom of the Morea It Regno di Morea to rule the country Venetian rule lasted until the Ottoman reconquest in 1715 8 The Morea Eyalet was re established headed by the Mora valesi who until 1780 was a pasha of the first rank with three horsetails and held the title of vizier After 1780 and until the Greek War of Independence the province was headed by a muhassil The pasha of the Morea was aided by a number of subordinate officials including a Christian translator dragoman who was the senior Christian official of the province 9 The capital was first at Nauplia but after 1786 at Tripolitza Tr Trablice 5 The Moreote Christians rose against the Ottomans with Russian aid during the so called Orlov Revolt of 1770 but it was swiftly and brutally suppressed As a result the total population decreased during this time while the proportion of the Muslim element in it increased Nevertheless the privileges granted to the Orthodox population with the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji especially the right to trade under the Russian flag led to a considerable economic flowering of the local Greeks which coupled with the increased cultural contacts with Western Europe Modern Greek Enlightenment and the inspiring ideals of the French Revolution laid the groundwork for the Greek War of Independence 9 During the Greek War of Independence most of the peninsula fell to the Greek rebels in 1821 1822 but internal conflicts among the rebels and the arrival of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in 1825 almost extinguished the rebellion by 1826 The intervention of British French and Russian naval troops in the Battle of Navarino forced the Ottoman and Egyptian troops to evacuate the Morea by 1 October 1828 Finally Greece became independent from the Ottoman Empire with Treaty of Adrianople Administrative divisions editAccording to Evliya at the time of his visit the eyalet comprised the sanjaks of Misistire Aya Maura Lefkada Aynabahti Lepanto Karli Eli Manya Mani Peninsula and Ballibadra Patras i e it encompassed also the portions of western and central Continental Greece 7 10 At the beginning of the 19th century according to the French traveller Francois Pouqueville and the Austrian scholar Joseph von Hammer Purgstall the eyalet comprised the following sanjaks 7 Mora i e the pasha sanjak around the capital Tripolitza Anavarin Navarino Arkadya Kyparissia Aynabahti Ballibadra Patras Gastuni Gastouni Messalonghi Missolonghi Kordos but by the time of Pouqueville s visit with Anaboli as capital Koron Misistire Moton Modon Pirgos Pyrgos Throughout both Ottoman periods Morea was also divided into a number of smaller districts kazas kadiluks or beyliks whose number varied but was usually between 22 and 25 and reached 27 by 1784 4 5 In the mid 17th century when the Morea was still a sanjak these were according to Hajji Khalifa Kordos Arhos Argos Anaboli Firina Ayapetri Agios Petros Ruya Manya de facto free of Ottoman control Kalavrita Kalavryta Kartina Karytaina Londari Andrusa Androusa Koron Motun Anavarin Arkadya Kyparissia Fanar Fanari Holomic Chlemoutsi Vostice Aigio Ballibadra Balye Badre In addition Misistra Mencese Monemvasia and Kalamata belonged to the sanjak of Misistire Mezistre 4 11 References edit Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire Geonames de Archived from the original on 28 September 2013 Retrieved 25 February 2013 Kazhdan 1991 p 1621 Bees amp Savvides 1993 p 239 a b c Zarinebaf Bennet amp Davis 2005 p 21 a b c Bees amp Savvides 1993 p 238 Birken 1976 pp 57 106 a b c Birken 1976 pp 57 61 64 Bees amp Savvides 1993 pp 239 240 a b Bees amp Savvides 1993 p 240 Evliya Celebi 2005 p 49 Rumeli und Bosna geographisch beschrieben von Mustafa ben Abdalla Hadschi Chalfa Aus dem Turkischen ubersetzt von J v Hammer in German Vienna Verlag des Kunst und Industrie Comptors 1812 pp 111 125 Sources editBees N A amp Savvides A 1993 Mora In Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P amp Pellat Ch eds Encyclopaedia of Islam Volume VII Mif Naz 2nd ed Leiden E J Brill pp 236 241 ISBN 978 90 04 09419 2 Birken Andreas in German 1976 Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches The Provinces of the Ottoman Empire Beihefte zum Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients 13 in German Reichert ISBN 3 920153 56 1 Evliya Celebi 2005 Ebligia Tselempi Odoiporiko sthn Ellada 1668 1671 Evliya Celebi Travels in Greece 1668 1671 in Greek transl by D Loupis Athens Ekati ISBN 960 7437 07 1 Kazhdan Alexander ed 1991 The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Oxford and New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 504652 8 Zarinebaf Fariba Bennet John Davis Jack L 2005 A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece The Southwestern Morea in the 18th Century Hesperia Supplement 34 The American School of Classical Studies at Athens ISBN 0 87661 534 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Morea Eyalet amp oldid 1175527807, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
