First Hellenic Republic is a historiographical term[1]. It is used by academics and the Greek government to emphasize the constitutional and democratic nature of the revolutionary regime prior to the establishment of the independent Kingdom of Greece, and associate this period of Greek history with the later Second and Third Republics.[2][3]
In the first stages of the 1821 uprising, various areas elected their own regional governing councils. These were replaced by a central administration, called Provisional Administration of Greece which was created at the First National Assembly of Epidaurus in early 1822. The Assembly also adopted the first Greek Constitution, marking the birth of the modern Greek state. The councils continued in existence, however, and central authority was not firmly established until 1824/25. The new state was not recognized by the Great Powers of the day, which, after initial successes, was threatened with collapse both from within due to civil war and from without through the victories of the Turco-Egyptian army of Ibrahim Pasha.[4]
By 1827 the Greek revolution had almost been extinguished on the mainland, but by this time the Great Powers had come to agree to the formation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, as stipulated in the Treaty of London. Ottoman refusal to accept these terms led to the Battle of Navarino, which effectively secured complete Greek independence.
In 1827, the Third National Assembly at Troezen established the Hellenic State (Ἑλληνικὴ Πολιτεία) and selected Count Ioannis Kapodistrias as Governor of Greece. After his arrival in Greece in January 1828, Kapodistrias actively tried to create a functional state and redress the problems of a war-ravaged country, but was soon embroiled in conflict with powerful local magnates and chieftains.[5]
During the period of 1828–1830, the island of Samos was incorporated into the Republic as part of the Eastern Sporades province.
Kapodistrias was assassinated by political rivals in 1831, plunging the country into renewed civil strife. He was succeeded by his brother Augustinos, who was forced to resign after six months. The Fifth National Assembly at Nafplion drafted a new royal constitution, while the three "Protecting Powers" (Great Britain, France and Russia) intervened, declaring Greece a Kingdom in the London Conference of 1832, with the Bavarian Prince Otto of Wittelsbach as king.
Heads of the Executiveedit
Provisional Administration of Greece (1822–1827)edit
^«...ο όρος «Α΄ Ελληνική Δημοκρατία», ο οποίος χρησιμοποιήθηκε εκ των υστέρων σε μία προσπάθεια περιοδολόγησης της αβασίλευτης δημοκρατίας...» - "...the term "First Hellenic Republic", which was used afterwards in an attempt to periodize the reigning republic..."https://www.firstrepublic1821.gr/about/
^"Which Country Is Also Called The Hellenic Republic?". WorldAtlas. 20 May 2018. from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2020-04-27.
^"Constitutional History". hellenicparliament.gr. from the original on 2019-05-26. Retrieved 2020-04-27.
^"Ottoman Rule and the War of Independence", Greek, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 371–378, 2010, doi:10.1002/9781444318913.ch13, ISBN978-1444318913
^Llc, Books (2010). Greek War of Independence: Morea Expedition, Massacres During the Greek Revolution, Souliotes, Background of the Greek War of Independence, Filiki Eteria, Armatoloi, Spinalonga, Greek Civil Wars of 1824–1825, Gramvousa, Klepht, Aegean Anti-Piracy Operation. General Books. ISBN978-1156773772.
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See also History of the Hellenic Republic First Hellenic Republic is a historiographical term 1 It is used by academics and the Greek government to emphasize the constitutional and democratic nature of the revolutionary regime prior to the establishment of the independent Kingdom of Greece and associate this period of Greek history with the later Second and Third Republics 2 3 First National Assembly of EpidaurusContents 1 History 2 Heads of the Executive 2 1 Provisional Administration of Greece 1822 1827 2 2 Hellenic State 1827 1832 3 See also 4 ReferencesHistory editSee also Greek War of Independence In the first stages of the 1821 uprising various areas elected their own regional governing councils These were replaced by a central administration called Provisional Administration of Greece which was created at the First National Assembly of Epidaurus in early 1822 The Assembly also adopted the first Greek Constitution marking the birth of the modern Greek state The councils continued in existence however and central authority was not firmly established until 1824 25 The new state was not recognized by the Great Powers of the day which after initial successes was threatened with collapse both from within due to civil war and from without through the victories of the Turco Egyptian army of Ibrahim Pasha 4 By 1827 the Greek revolution had almost been extinguished on the mainland but by this time the Great Powers had come to agree to the formation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty as stipulated in the Treaty of London Ottoman refusal to accept these terms led to the Battle of Navarino which effectively secured complete Greek independence In 1827 the Third National Assembly at Troezen established the Hellenic State Ἑllhnikὴ Politeia and selected Count Ioannis Kapodistrias as Governor of Greece After his arrival in Greece in January 1828 Kapodistrias actively tried to create a functional state and redress the problems of a war ravaged country but was soon embroiled in conflict with powerful local magnates and chieftains 5 During the period of 1828 1830 the island of Samos was incorporated into the Republic as part of the Eastern Sporades province Kapodistrias was assassinated by political rivals in 1831 plunging the country into renewed civil strife He was succeeded by his brother Augustinos who was forced to resign after six months The Fifth National Assembly at Nafplion drafted a new royal constitution while the three Protecting Powers Great Britain France and Russia intervened declaring Greece a Kingdom in the London Conference of 1832 with the Bavarian Prince Otto of Wittelsbach as king Heads of the Executive editProvisional Administration of Greece 1822 1827 edit Head of state Term of office Title Portrait Name birth death Took office Left office Time in office1 nbsp Alexandros MavrokordatosAle3andros Mayrokordatos 1791 1865 13 January 1822 10 May 1823 1 year 117 days President of the Executive2 nbsp Petros MavromichalisPetros Mayromixalhs Petrompehs 1765 1848 10 May 1823 31 December 1823 235 days President of the Executive3 nbsp Georgios KountouriotisGewrgios Koyntoyriwths 1782 1858 31 December 1823 26 April 1826 2 years 116 days President of the Executive4 nbsp Andreas ZaimisAndreas Zaimhs 1791 1840 26 April 1826 14 April 1827 353 days President of the Government CommissionHellenic State 1827 1832 edit Governor Term of office Title Portrait Name birth death Took office Left office Time in office1 nbsp Ioannis KapodistriasIwannhs Kapodistrias 1776 1831 14 April 1827 9 October 1831 assassinated 4 years 178 days Governor2 nbsp Augustinos KapodistriasAygoystinos Kapodistrias 1778 1857 9 October 1831 23 March 1832 resigned 166 days PresidentSee also editAthenian democracyReferences edit o oros A Ellhnikh Dhmokratia o opoios xrhsimopoih8hke ek twn ysterwn se mia prospa8eia periodologhshs ths abasileyths dhmokratias the term First Hellenic Republic which was used afterwards in an attempt to periodize the reigning republic https www firstrepublic1821 gr about Which Country Is Also Called The Hellenic Republic WorldAtlas 20 May 2018 Archived from the original on 2020 10 20 Retrieved 2020 04 27 Constitutional History hellenicparliament gr Archived from the original on 2019 05 26 Retrieved 2020 04 27 Ottoman Rule and the War of Independence Greek Wiley Blackwell pp 371 378 2010 doi 10 1002 9781444318913 ch13 ISBN 978 1444318913 Llc Books 2010 Greek War of Independence Morea Expedition Massacres During the Greek Revolution Souliotes Background of the Greek War of Independence Filiki Eteria Armatoloi Spinalonga Greek Civil Wars of 1824 1825 Gramvousa Klepht Aegean Anti Piracy Operation General Books ISBN 978 1156773772 Portal nbsp Greece 37 33 56 N 22 47 47 E 37 56556 N 22 79639 E 37 56556 22 79639 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title First Hellenic Republic amp oldid 1205938191, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
