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Sakuma Samata

General Count Sakuma Samata (佐久間 左馬太, 19 November 1844 – 5 August 1915) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, and 5th Governor-General of Taiwan from 11 April 1906 to May 1915. He participated in domestic conflicts, wars with Russia and was a leader of the invasion and occupation of Taiwan.

Sakuma Samata
佐久間 左馬太
5th Governor-General of Taiwan
In office
11 April 1906 – 1 May 1915
Monarchs
Preceded byKodama Gentarō
Succeeded byAndō Teibi
Personal details
Born(1844-11-19)19 November 1844
Kawashima, Chōshū Domain, Japan
DiedAugust 5, 1915(1915-08-05) (aged 70)
Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Military service
Allegiance Empire of Japan
Branch/service Imperial Japanese Army
Years of service1871- 1915
Rank General
Battles/warsBoshin War
Satsuma Rebellion
First Sino-Japanese War
Truku War

Biography edit

Sakuma was born in Abu District, Nagato Province (present day Hagi, Yamaguchi), as the younger son of Okamura Magoshichi, a samurai of Chōshū Domain, and was later adopted into the Sakuma family. He studied Western military science under Ōmura Masujirō and was a company commander defending the domain against the Second Chōshū expedition mounted by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1866. He subsequently served in the Boshin War of the Meiji restoration with distinction at the Battle of Aizu. In 1872, he entered the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army as a captain.

In February 1874, Sakuma participated in the suppression of the Saga Rebellion, during which time he led a column of troops from Kumamoto Castle. He then participated in the Taiwan Expedition of 1874, where on May 22 he commanded the 150 strong force of soldiers that was ambushed by aborigines, initiating the Battle of Stone Gate. During the Satsuma Rebellion, he was commander of the IJA 6th Infantry Regiment. He was promoted to colonel in 1878. In February 1881, Sakuma was promoted to major general in command of the Sendai military district.

In May 1885, Sakuma was given command of the IJA 10th Infantry Brigade and promoted to lieutenant general the following year. The same year, 1886, he was elevated to the title of danshaku (baron) under the kazoku peerage system.

With the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War, Sakuma commanded the IJA 2nd Division at the Battle of Weihaiwei, and later served as Japanese military governor of Weihaiwei in Shandong Province, China. At the end of the war, he was awarded the Grand Cordon of Order of the Rising Sun, and elevated to shishaku (viscount).[1]

In 1898, Sakuma was appointed commander of the central division of the Imperial Guards, and became a full general. After a brief period on leave, he then became commander of the Tokyo Garrison. In April 1906, after his appointment as 5th Governor-General of Taiwan, Sakuma was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class with Paulownia Blossoms, Grand Cordon), and in 1907 was elevated to hakushaku (Count).[2]

With the end of armed resistance by Taiwan's Han Chinese population, the colonial authorities turned their attention to the suppression of the mountain dwelling aboriginal tribes. One of the reasons Sakuma was selected to head the colonial government was due to his participation in Japan's previous 1874 campaign, and his mission extended Japanese control into the aboriginal regions. During his tenure, Sakuma led several armed campaigns against the Atayal, Bunun and Truku peoples. Sakuma was one of the longest-serving governor-generals of Taiwan, stepping down in 1915, after having successfully completed his pacification campaign.[citation needed] He was highly regarded for helping develop Taiwan's east coast, especially the port of Hualien, and the Taroko Gorge area.

He is also credited with introducing baseball to Taiwan in 1910.

After his death, he became a kami under State Shinto, and a shrine was erected in his honor in Sagamihara, Kanagawa Prefecture, and in Taihoku (present-day Taipei). The shrine in Japan still exists, and unsuccessful efforts have been made to reconstruct the one in Taiwan as well.

Decorations edit

See also edit

References edit

  • Ching, Leo T. S. (2001). Becoming Japanese: Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22553-8.
  • Roy, Denny (2003). Taiwan: A Political History. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8805-2.
  • Weisenfield, Gennifer (2001). Visual Cultures of Japanese Imperialism. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-6490-5.
  • Fukagawa, Hideki (1981). (陸海軍将官人事総覧 (陸軍篇)) Army and Navy General Personnel Directory (Army). Tokyo: Fuyo Shobo. ISBN 4829500026.
  • Dupuy, Trevor N. (1992). Encyclopedia of Military Biography. I B Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 1-85043-569-3.
  • Hata, Ikuhiko (2005). (日本陸海軍総合事典) Japanese Army and Navy General Encyclopedia. Tokyo: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 4130301357.

External links edit

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ 『官報』第3644号「叙任及辞令」August 21, 1895
  2. ^ 『官報』第7272号「授爵敍任及辞令」September 23, 1907
  3. ^ 『官報』第1325号「叙任及辞令」November 28, 1887
  4. ^ 『官報』第3644号「叙任及辞令」August 21, 1895
  5. ^ 『官報』第7074号「叙任及辞令」1907年1月31日。

sakuma, samata, other, uses, samata, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspaper. For other uses see Samata disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Sakuma Samata news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message General Count Sakuma Samata 佐久間 左馬太 19 November 1844 5 August 1915 was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and 5th Governor General of Taiwan from 11 April 1906 to May 1915 He participated in domestic conflicts wars with Russia and was a leader of the invasion and occupation of Taiwan CountSakuma Samata佐久間 左馬太5th Governor General of TaiwanIn office 11 April 1906 1 May 1915MonarchsMeiji TaishōPreceded byKodama GentarōSucceeded byAndō TeibiPersonal detailsBorn 1844 11 19 19 November 1844Kawashima Chōshu Domain JapanDiedAugust 5 1915 1915 08 05 aged 70 Sendai Miyagi JapanMilitary serviceAllegiance Empire of JapanBranch service Imperial Japanese ArmyYears of service1871 1915RankGeneralBattles warsBoshin WarSatsuma RebellionFirst Sino Japanese WarTruku WarIn this Japanese name the surname is Sakuma Contents 1 Biography 2 Decorations 3 See also 3 1 References 4 External links 5 FootnotesBiography editSakuma was born in Abu District Nagato Province present day Hagi Yamaguchi as the younger son of Okamura Magoshichi a samurai of Chōshu Domain and was later adopted into the Sakuma family He studied Western military science under Ōmura Masujirō and was a company commander defending the domain against the Second Chōshu expedition mounted by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1866 He subsequently served in the Boshin War of the Meiji restoration with distinction at the Battle of Aizu In 1872 he entered the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army as a captain In February 1874 Sakuma participated in the suppression of the Saga Rebellion during which time he led a column of troops from Kumamoto Castle He then participated in the Taiwan Expedition of 1874 where on May 22 he commanded the 150 strong force of soldiers that was ambushed by aborigines initiating the Battle of Stone Gate During the Satsuma Rebellion he was commander of the IJA 6th Infantry Regiment He was promoted to colonel in 1878 In February 1881 Sakuma was promoted to major general in command of the Sendai military district In May 1885 Sakuma was given command of the IJA 10th Infantry Brigade and promoted to lieutenant general the following year The same year 1886 he was elevated to the title of danshaku baron under the kazoku peerage system With the outbreak of the First Sino Japanese War Sakuma commanded the IJA 2nd Division at the Battle of Weihaiwei and later served as Japanese military governor of Weihaiwei in Shandong Province China At the end of the war he was awarded the Grand Cordon of Order of the Rising Sun and elevated to shishaku viscount 1 In 1898 Sakuma was appointed commander of the central division of the Imperial Guards and became a full general After a brief period on leave he then became commander of the Tokyo Garrison In April 1906 after his appointment as 5th Governor General of Taiwan Sakuma was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun 1st class with Paulownia Blossoms Grand Cordon and in 1907 was elevated to hakushaku Count 2 With the end of armed resistance by Taiwan s Han Chinese population the colonial authorities turned their attention to the suppression of the mountain dwelling aboriginal tribes One of the reasons Sakuma was selected to head the colonial government was due to his participation in Japan s previous 1874 campaign and his mission extended Japanese control into the aboriginal regions During his tenure Sakuma led several armed campaigns against the Atayal Bunun and Truku peoples Sakuma was one of the longest serving governor generals of Taiwan stepping down in 1915 after having successfully completed his pacification campaign citation needed He was highly regarded for helping develop Taiwan s east coast especially the port of Hualien and the Taroko Gorge area He is also credited with introducing baseball to Taiwan in 1910 After his death he became a kami under State Shinto and a shrine was erected in his honor in Sagamihara Kanagawa Prefecture and in Taihoku present day Taipei The shrine in Japan still exists and unsuccessful efforts have been made to reconstruct the one in Taiwan as well Decorations edit1882 nbsp Order of the Rising Sun 3rd class 1887 nbsp Order of the Rising Sun 2nd class 3 1895 nbsp Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun 4 1906 nbsp Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers 5 See also editTaiwan under Japanese ruleReferences edit Ching Leo T S 2001 Becoming Japanese Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation University of California Press ISBN 0 520 22553 8 Roy Denny 2003 Taiwan A Political History Cornell University Press ISBN 0 8014 8805 2 Weisenfield Gennifer 2001 Visual Cultures of Japanese Imperialism Duke University Press ISBN 0 8223 6490 5 Fukagawa Hideki 1981 陸海軍将官人事総覧 陸軍篇 Army and Navy General Personnel Directory Army Tokyo Fuyo Shobo ISBN 4829500026 Dupuy Trevor N 1992 Encyclopedia of Military Biography I B Tauris amp Co Ltd ISBN 1 85043 569 3 Hata Ikuhiko 2005 日本陸海軍総合事典 Japanese Army and Navy General Encyclopedia Tokyo St Martin s Press ISBN 4130301357 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Samata Sakuma Home page for Sakuma Jinja Kanagawa Prefecture National Diet Library Sakuma Samata Portraits of Modern Historical Figures Footnotes edit 官報 第3644号 叙任及辞令 August 21 1895 官報 第7272号 授爵敍任及辞令 September 23 1907 官報 第1325号 叙任及辞令 November 28 1887 官報 第3644号 叙任及辞令 August 21 1895 官報 第7074号 叙任及辞令 1907年1月31日 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sakuma Samata amp oldid 1178428107, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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