fbpx
Wikipedia

Chōshū Domain

The Chōshū Domain (長州藩, Chōshū-han), also known as the Hagi Domain (萩藩, Hagi-han), was a domain (han) of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871.[1]

Yamaguchi Domain
(1862–1871)
山口藩

Chōshū Domain
(1600–1862)
長州藩
Domain of Japan
1600–1871
Former site of Hagi Castle in Hagi
Flag[a]
Mon of the Mōri
CapitalHagi Castle (1600–1862)
Yamaguchi Castle [ja] (1862–1871)
Government
Daimyō 
• 1563–1623
Mōri Terumoto (first)
• 1858–1871
Mōri Motonori (last)
Historical eraEdo period
• Established
1600
1871
Contained within
 • ProvinceNagato
Today part ofYamaguchi Prefecture
Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Nagato Province highlighted

The Chōshū Domain was based at Hagi Castle in Nagato Province, in the modern city of Hagi, located in the Chūgoku region of the island of Honshu. The Chōshū Domain was ruled for its existence by the tozama daimyō of the Mōri, whose branches also ruled the neighboring Chōfu and Kiyosue domains, and was assessed under the Kokudaka system with peak value of 369,000 koku. The Chōshū Domain was the most prominent anti-Tokugawa domain and formed the Satchō Alliance with the rival Satsuma Domain during the Meiji Restoration, becoming instrumental in the establishment of the Empire of Japan and the Meiji oligarchy. The Chōshū Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 by the Meiji government and its territory was absorbed into Yamaguchi Prefecture.

History edit

The rulers of Chōshū were the descendants of the great Sengoku warlord Mōri Motonari. Motonari was able to extend his power over all of the Chūgoku region of Japan and occupied a territory worth 1,200,000 koku. After he died, his grandson and heir Mōri Terumoto became daimyō and implemented a strategy of alliance with Toyotomi Hideyoshi. This would later prove to be a great mistake. After Hideyoshi's death, the daimyō Tokugawa Ieyasu challenged the Toyotomi power and battled with Hideyoshi's trusted advisor Ishida Mitsunari at the Battle of Sekigahara. Mōri Terumoto was the most powerful ally of the Toyotomi and was elected by a council of Toyotomi loyalists to be the titulary head of the Toyotomi force. However the Toyotomi forces lost the battle due to several factors tied to Mōri Terumoto:

  • His cousin Kikkawa Hiroie secretly made a deal with Tokugawa Ieyasu resulting in the inactivity of 15,000 Mōri soldiers during the battle.
  • His adopted cousin Kobayakawa Hideaki and his 15,600 soldiers betrayed Ishida and joined the Tokugawa side.
  • After assurances from Tokugawa Ieyasu, Terumoto gave up the formidable Osaka castle without a fight.

Despite its inactivity, the Mōri clan was removed from its ancestral home in Aki to Nagato Province (also known as Chōshū), and its holdings were drastically reduced from 1,200,000 to 369,000 koku.

This was seen as a great act of betrayal to the Mōri clan, and Chōshū later became a hotbed of anti-Tokugawa activities. The origins of this were evident in the tradition of the clan's New Year's meeting. Every year during the meeting, the elders and the administrators would ask the daimyo whether the time to overthrow the shogunate had come, to which the daimyo would reply: "Not yet, the shogunate is still too powerful."

This dream would eventually be realized some 260 years later, when the domain joined forces with the Satsuma Domain and sympathetic court nobles to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate. In 1865, the domain bought a warship Union (ja) from Glover and Co., an agency of Jardine Matheson established in Nagasaki, in the name of Satsuma Domain. They led the fight against the armies of the former shōgun, which included the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei, Aizu, and the Ezo Republic, during the Boshin War. The domains' military forces of 1867 through 1869 also formed the foundation for the Imperial Japanese Army. Thanks to this alliance, Chōshū and Satsuma natives enjoyed political and societal prominence well into the Meiji and even Taishō eras.

Economics edit

 
The Chōshū Kiheitai fought against the shogunate in the Second Chōshū expedition and the Boshin War.

The initial reduction of 1.2 million to 369,000 koku resulted in a large shortfall in terms of military upkeep and infrastructure maintenance, despite which the domain remained the seventh-largest in Japan outside the shogunate-controlled domains. In order to bring the domain's finances out of debt, strict policies were enforced on the retainers:

  • All retainers' fiefs were drastically reduced.
  • Some retainers who were paid in land began to be paid in rice.
  • Some retainers were laid off and encouraged to engage in agriculture.

Previously, as a result of high taxation, farmers secretly developed farms far inside the mountains as a private food source. A new land survey was conducted within the domain in which many hidden farms were discovered and taxed. The domain also began a strict policy with regard to trade.

Laws were also passed through which the profitable trade of the "four whites" was controlled by the domain: paper, rice, salt, and wax. Some of the profits, and a large amount of the tax revenue from this trade, went into the domain coffers.

These policies greatly strengthened the domain's finances and allowed the daimyo more effective control over his territory. However, these policies angered peasants and displaced samurai alike, resulting in frequent revolts.

Politics edit

 
Mōri Takachika
 
Hagi Castle, the seat of the Mōri Lords of Chōshū

The capital of the domain was the castle town of Hagi, which was the source of Chōshū's alternate name of Hagi han (萩藩).

The domain remained under the rule of the Mōri family for the duration of the Edo period. Because the shogunate frequently confiscated domains whose daimyo were unable to produce heirs, the Mōri daimyo created four subordinate han ruled by branches of the family:

During the Edo period, the main branch died out in 1707, after which heirs were adopted from the Chōfu branch, which also became extinct in 1751. The family then continued through the Kiyosue branch.

The Mōri daimyo, as with many of his counterparts throughout Japan, was assisted in the government of his domain by a group of karō, or domain elders. There were two kinds of karō in Chōshū: hereditary karō (whose families retained the rank in perpetuity) and the "lifetime karō", whose rank was granted to an individual but could not be inherited by his son.

The hereditary karō were either members of minor branches of the Mōri family, or members of related families such as the Shishido and the Fukuhara, or descendants of Mōri Motonari's most trusted generals and advisors such as the Mazuda, the Kuchiba and the Kunishi.

The lifetime karō were middle or lower samurai who displayed great talent in economics or politics and were promoted to karō by the daimyō. One such person was the great reformer Murata Seifu.

List of daimyōs edit

Daimyōs of Chōshū Domain
Name Tenure
0 Mōri Terumoto (毛利輝元) 1563–1623
1 Mōri Hidenari (毛利秀就) 1623–1651
2 Mōri Tsunahiro (毛利綱広) 1651–1682
3 Mōri Yoshinari (毛利吉就) 1682–1694
4 Mōri Yoshihiro (毛利吉広) 1694–1707
5 Mōri Yoshimoto (毛利吉元) 1707–1731
6 Mōri Munehiro (毛利宗広) 1731–1751
7 Mōri Shigetaka (毛利重就) 1751–1782
8 Mōri Haruchika (毛利治親) 1782–1791
9 Mōri Narifusa (毛利斉房) 1791–1809
10 Mōri Narihiro (毛利斉熙) 1809–1824
11 Mōri Narimoto (毛利斉元) 1824–1836
12 Mōri Naritō (毛利斉広) 1836
13 Mōri Takachika (毛利敬親) 1836–1869
14 Mōri Motonori (毛利元徳) 1869–1871

Simplified family tree of the main Mōri line (Lords of Chōshū) edit

  • Mōri Motonari (1497–1571)
    • Takamoto (1523–1563)
      •   I. Terumoto, 1st Lord of Chōshū (cr. 1600) (1553–1625; r. 1600–1623)
        •   II. Hidenari, 2nd Lord of Chōshū (1595–1651; r. 1623–1651)
          •   III. Tsunahiro, 3rd Lord of Chōshū (1639–1689; r. 1651–1682)
            •   IV. Yoshinari, 4th Lord of Chōshū (1668–1694; r. 1682–1694).
            •   V. Yoshihiro, 5th Lord of Chōshū (1673–1707; r. 1694–1707)
        • Naritaka, 1st Lord of Tokuyama (1602–1679)
          • Mototsugu, 3rd Lord of Tokuyama (1667–1719)
            • Hirotoyo, 5th Lord of Tokuyama (1705–1773)
              • Nariyoshi, 7th Lord of Tokuyama (1750–1828)
                • Hiroshige, 8th Lord of Tokuyama (1777–1866)
                  •   XV. Motonori, 15th Lord of Chōshū, 1st Prince (1839–1896; r. 1869, Governor of Hagi 1869–1871, family head 1871–1896, created 1st Prince 1884)
                    • Motoaki, 29th family head, 2nd Prince (1865–1938; 29th family head and 2nd Prince 1896–1938)
                      • Motomichi, 30th family head, 3rd Prince (1903–1976; 30th family head 1938–1976, 3rd Prince to 1947)
                        • Motoyoshi, 31st family head (1930– ; 31st family head 1976–)
                          • Motoei (born 1967)
    • Motokiyo (1551–1597)
      • Hidemoto, 1st Lord of Chōfū (1579–1650)
        • Mitsuhiro, 2nd Lord of Chōfū (1616–1653)
          • Tsunamoto, 3rd Lord of Chōfū (1650–1709)
            •   VI. Yoshimoto, 6th Lord of Chōshū (1677–1731; r. 1707–1731)
              •   VII. Munehiro, 7th Lord of Chōshū (1715–1751; r. 1731–1751)
        • Mototomo, 1st Lord of Kiyosue (1631–1683)
          • Masahiro, 6th Lord of Chōfū, 2nd Lord of Kiyosue (1675–1729)
            •   VIII. Shigetaka, 8th Lord of Chōshū (1725–1789; r. 1751–1782)
              •   IX. Haruchika, 9th Lord of Chōshū (1754–1791; r. 1782–1791)
                •   X. Narifusa, 10th Lord of Chōshū (1779–1809; r. 1791–1809)
                •   XI. Narihiro, 11th Lord of Chōshū (1784–1836; r. 1809–1824)
                  •   XIII. Naritō, 13th Lord of Chōshū (1815–1836; r. 1836).
              • Chikaaki (1766–1800)
                •   XII. Narimoto, 12th Lord of Chōshū (1794–1836; r. 1824–1836)
                  •   XIV. Takachika, 14th Lord of Chōshū (1819–1871; r. 1836–1869)

[2]

Famous people edit

Middle Edo period
Bakumatsu period
Meiji statesmen
Imperial Japanese Army personnel
Imperial Japanese Navy personnel
Writers
  • Inoue Koichi (pen-name: Inoue Kenkabō) (1870–1934), journalist and writer of senryū (short, humorous verse)
Historians
Entrepreneurs
  • Aikawa Yoshisuke (1880–1967) Japanese entrepreneur, businessman, and politician, founder and first president of the Nissan zaibatsu (1931–1945)

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Flag used by the Chōshū army during the Boshin War from 1868 to 1869.

References edit

  1. ^ Deal, William E. (2005). Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan, p. 81.
  2. ^ Genealogy

Further reading edit

  • Bakufu seichō kiroku 幕府征長記錄 (1973). Edited by Nihon Shiseki Kyōkai 日本史籍協會. Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai.
  • Craig, Albert M. (1961). Chōshū in the Meiji restoration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Huber, Thomas M. (1981). The Revolutionary Origins of Modern Japan. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Ogawa Ayako 小川亜弥子 (1998). Bakumatsuki Chōshū-han yōgakushi no kenkyū 幕末期長州藩洋学史の研究. Tokyo: Shibunkaku Shuppan.

chōshū, domain, 長州藩, chōshū, also, known, hagi, domain, 萩藩, hagi, domain, tokugawa, shogunate, japan, during, period, from, 1600, 1871, yamaguchi, domain, 1862, 1871, 山口藩, 1600, 1862, 長州藩domain, japan1600, 1871former, site, hagi, castle, hagiflag, mōricapitalh. The Chōshu Domain 長州藩 Chōshu han also known as the Hagi Domain 萩藩 Hagi han was a domain han of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871 1 Yamaguchi Domain 1862 1871 山口藩 Chōshu Domain 1600 1862 長州藩Domain of Japan1600 1871Former site of Hagi Castle in HagiFlag a Mon of the MōriCapitalHagi Castle 1600 1862 Yamaguchi Castle ja 1862 1871 GovernmentDaimyō 1563 1623Mōri Terumoto first 1858 1871Mōri Motonori last Historical eraEdo period Established1600 Abolition of the han system1871Contained within ProvinceNagatoToday part ofYamaguchi PrefectureMap of Japanese provinces 1868 with Nagato Province highlightedThe Chōshu Domain was based at Hagi Castle in Nagato Province in the modern city of Hagi located in the Chugoku region of the island of Honshu The Chōshu Domain was ruled for its existence by the tozama daimyō of the Mōri whose branches also ruled the neighboring Chōfu and Kiyosue domains and was assessed under the Kokudaka system with peak value of 369 000 koku The Chōshu Domain was the most prominent anti Tokugawa domain and formed the Satchō Alliance with the rival Satsuma Domain during the Meiji Restoration becoming instrumental in the establishment of the Empire of Japan and the Meiji oligarchy The Chōshu Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 by the Meiji government and its territory was absorbed into Yamaguchi Prefecture Contents 1 History 2 Economics 3 Politics 4 List of daimyōs 5 Simplified family tree of the main Mōri line Lords of Chōshu 6 Famous people 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further readingHistory editThe rulers of Chōshu were the descendants of the great Sengoku warlord Mōri Motonari Motonari was able to extend his power over all of the Chugoku region of Japan and occupied a territory worth 1 200 000 koku After he died his grandson and heir Mōri Terumoto became daimyō and implemented a strategy of alliance with Toyotomi Hideyoshi This would later prove to be a great mistake After Hideyoshi s death the daimyō Tokugawa Ieyasu challenged the Toyotomi power and battled with Hideyoshi s trusted advisor Ishida Mitsunari at the Battle of Sekigahara Mōri Terumoto was the most powerful ally of the Toyotomi and was elected by a council of Toyotomi loyalists to be the titulary head of the Toyotomi force However the Toyotomi forces lost the battle due to several factors tied to Mōri Terumoto His cousin Kikkawa Hiroie secretly made a deal with Tokugawa Ieyasu resulting in the inactivity of 15 000 Mōri soldiers during the battle His adopted cousin Kobayakawa Hideaki and his 15 600 soldiers betrayed Ishida and joined the Tokugawa side After assurances from Tokugawa Ieyasu Terumoto gave up the formidable Osaka castle without a fight Despite its inactivity the Mōri clan was removed from its ancestral home in Aki to Nagato Province also known as Chōshu and its holdings were drastically reduced from 1 200 000 to 369 000 koku This was seen as a great act of betrayal to the Mōri clan and Chōshu later became a hotbed of anti Tokugawa activities The origins of this were evident in the tradition of the clan s New Year s meeting Every year during the meeting the elders and the administrators would ask the daimyo whether the time to overthrow the shogunate had come to which the daimyo would reply Not yet the shogunate is still too powerful This dream would eventually be realized some 260 years later when the domain joined forces with the Satsuma Domain and sympathetic court nobles to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate In 1865 the domain bought a warship Union ja from Glover and Co an agency of Jardine Matheson established in Nagasaki in the name of Satsuma Domain They led the fight against the armies of the former shōgun which included the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei Aizu and the Ezo Republic during the Boshin War The domains military forces of 1867 through 1869 also formed the foundation for the Imperial Japanese Army Thanks to this alliance Chōshu and Satsuma natives enjoyed political and societal prominence well into the Meiji and even Taishō eras Economics edit nbsp The Chōshu Kiheitai fought against the shogunate in the Second Chōshu expedition and the Boshin War The initial reduction of 1 2 million to 369 000 koku resulted in a large shortfall in terms of military upkeep and infrastructure maintenance despite which the domain remained the seventh largest in Japan outside the shogunate controlled domains In order to bring the domain s finances out of debt strict policies were enforced on the retainers All retainers fiefs were drastically reduced Some retainers who were paid in land began to be paid in rice Some retainers were laid off and encouraged to engage in agriculture Previously as a result of high taxation farmers secretly developed farms far inside the mountains as a private food source A new land survey was conducted within the domain in which many hidden farms were discovered and taxed The domain also began a strict policy with regard to trade Laws were also passed through which the profitable trade of the four whites was controlled by the domain paper rice salt and wax Some of the profits and a large amount of the tax revenue from this trade went into the domain coffers These policies greatly strengthened the domain s finances and allowed the daimyo more effective control over his territory However these policies angered peasants and displaced samurai alike resulting in frequent revolts Politics edit nbsp Mōri Takachika nbsp Hagi Castle the seat of the Mōri Lords of ChōshuThe capital of the domain was the castle town of Hagi which was the source of Chōshu s alternate name of Hagi han 萩藩 The domain remained under the rule of the Mōri family for the duration of the Edo period Because the shogunate frequently confiscated domains whose daimyo were unable to produce heirs the Mōri daimyo created four subordinate han ruled by branches of the family Iwakuni han 60 000 koku ruled by descendants of Kikkawa Hiroie Chōfu han 50 000 koku ruled by descendants of Mōri Hidemoto Tokuyama han 40 000 koku ruled by descendants of Mōri Naritaka Kiyosue han 10 000 koku ruled by descendants of Mōri Mototomo During the Edo period the main branch died out in 1707 after which heirs were adopted from the Chōfu branch which also became extinct in 1751 The family then continued through the Kiyosue branch The Mōri daimyo as with many of his counterparts throughout Japan was assisted in the government of his domain by a group of karō or domain elders There were two kinds of karō in Chōshu hereditary karō whose families retained the rank in perpetuity and the lifetime karō whose rank was granted to an individual but could not be inherited by his son The hereditary karō were either members of minor branches of the Mōri family or members of related families such as the Shishido and the Fukuhara or descendants of Mōri Motonari s most trusted generals and advisors such as the Mazuda the Kuchiba and the Kunishi The lifetime karō were middle or lower samurai who displayed great talent in economics or politics and were promoted to karō by the daimyō One such person was the great reformer Murata Seifu List of daimyōs edit nbsp Mōri clan Tozama 369 000 koku 1600 1871Daimyōs of Chōshu Domain Name Tenure0 Mōri Terumoto 毛利輝元 1563 16231 Mōri Hidenari 毛利秀就 1623 16512 Mōri Tsunahiro 毛利綱広 1651 16823 Mōri Yoshinari 毛利吉就 1682 16944 Mōri Yoshihiro 毛利吉広 1694 17075 Mōri Yoshimoto 毛利吉元 1707 17316 Mōri Munehiro 毛利宗広 1731 17517 Mōri Shigetaka 毛利重就 1751 17828 Mōri Haruchika 毛利治親 1782 17919 Mōri Narifusa 毛利斉房 1791 180910 Mōri Narihiro 毛利斉熙 1809 182411 Mōri Narimoto 毛利斉元 1824 183612 Mōri Naritō 毛利斉広 183613 Mōri Takachika 毛利敬親 1836 186914 Mōri Motonori 毛利元徳 1869 1871Simplified family tree of the main Mōri line Lords of Chōshu editMōri Motonari 1497 1571 Takamoto 1523 1563 nbsp I Terumoto 1st Lord of Chōshu cr 1600 1553 1625 r 1600 1623 nbsp II Hidenari 2nd Lord of Chōshu 1595 1651 r 1623 1651 nbsp III Tsunahiro 3rd Lord of Chōshu 1639 1689 r 1651 1682 nbsp IV Yoshinari 4th Lord of Chōshu 1668 1694 r 1682 1694 nbsp V Yoshihiro 5th Lord of Chōshu 1673 1707 r 1694 1707 Naritaka 1st Lord of Tokuyama 1602 1679 Mototsugu 3rd Lord of Tokuyama 1667 1719 Hirotoyo 5th Lord of Tokuyama 1705 1773 Nariyoshi 7th Lord of Tokuyama 1750 1828 Hiroshige 8th Lord of Tokuyama 1777 1866 nbsp XV Motonori 15th Lord of Chōshu 1st Prince 1839 1896 r 1869 Governor of Hagi 1869 1871 family head 1871 1896 created 1st Prince 1884 Motoaki 29th family head 2nd Prince 1865 1938 29th family head and 2nd Prince 1896 1938 Motomichi 30th family head 3rd Prince 1903 1976 30th family head 1938 1976 3rd Prince to 1947 Motoyoshi 31st family head 1930 31st family head 1976 Motoei born 1967 Motokiyo 1551 1597 Hidemoto 1st Lord of Chōfu 1579 1650 Mitsuhiro 2nd Lord of Chōfu 1616 1653 Tsunamoto 3rd Lord of Chōfu 1650 1709 nbsp VI Yoshimoto 6th Lord of Chōshu 1677 1731 r 1707 1731 nbsp VII Munehiro 7th Lord of Chōshu 1715 1751 r 1731 1751 Mototomo 1st Lord of Kiyosue 1631 1683 Masahiro 6th Lord of Chōfu 2nd Lord of Kiyosue 1675 1729 nbsp VIII Shigetaka 8th Lord of Chōshu 1725 1789 r 1751 1782 nbsp IX Haruchika 9th Lord of Chōshu 1754 1791 r 1782 1791 nbsp X Narifusa 10th Lord of Chōshu 1779 1809 r 1791 1809 nbsp XI Narihiro 11th Lord of Chōshu 1784 1836 r 1809 1824 nbsp XIII Naritō 13th Lord of Chōshu 1815 1836 r 1836 Chikaaki 1766 1800 nbsp XII Narimoto 12th Lord of Chōshu 1794 1836 r 1824 1836 nbsp XIV Takachika 14th Lord of Chōshu 1819 1871 r 1836 1869 2 Famous people editMiddle Edo periodMurata Seifu 1783 1855 conducted the Tempō reforms in ChōshuBakumatsu periodYoshida Shōin 1830 1859 educator and teacher of many reformers Takasugi Shinsaku 1839 1867 significant contributor to Meiji Restoration founder of the Kiheitai Kijima Matabei 1817 1864 swordsman took part in the Kinmon Incident Kunishi Shinano 1842 1864 committed seppuku to take responsibility for the Kinmon Incident Kido Takayoshi Kido Kōin 1833 1877 Bakumatsu reformer one of Three Great Nobles of the RestorationMeiji statesmenChōshu Five Itō Shunsuke later Itō Hirobumi 1841 1909 first Prime Minister of Japan Inoue Monta later Inoue Kaoru 1836 1915 Meiji statesman Yamao Yōzō 1837 1917 later studied engineering at the Andersonian Institute Glasgow 1866 68 Meiji statesman Endō Kinsuke 1836 1893 Meiji statesman Nomura Yakichi later Inoue Masaru 1843 1910 father of the Japanese railways Yamagata Aritomo 1838 1922 prime minister and field marshal of the Imperial Japanese Army Yamagata Isaburō 1858 1927 nephew of Yamagata Aritomo Minister of Communications and first Japanese Inspector General of Korea Katsura Tarō 1848 1913 general in the Imperial Japanese Army and three time prime minister of Japan Terauchi Masatake 1852 1919 Field Marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and 18th prime minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi 1864 1929 general in the Imperial Japanese Army and 26th prime minister of Japan Aoki Shuzō 1844 1914 diplomat and Foreign Minister in Meiji Japan Shinagawa Yajirō 1843 1900 Home Minister in early Meiji Japan Sone Arasuke 1849 1910 politician diplomat cabinet minister and second Japanese Resident General of Korea Imperial Japanese Army personnelŌmura Masujirō 1824 1869 Father of the modern Japanese Army Ōshima Yoshimasa 1850 1926 general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the First Sino Japanese War Nogi Maresuke 1849 1912 general in the Imperial Japanese Army and a prominent figure in the Russo Japanese War Miura Gorō 1847 1926 lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army Sakuma Samata 1844 1915 general in the Imperial Japanese Army and 5th Governor General of Taiwan 1906 1915 Kodama Gentarō 1852 1906 general in the Imperial Japanese Army and government minister in Meiji Japan Oka Ichinosuke 1860 1916 general in the Imperial Japanese Army and Minister of War during World War I Arisaka Nariakira 1852 1915 lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army inventor of the Arisaka RifleImperial Japanese Navy personnelTsuboi Kōzō 1843 1898 admiral of the Imperial Japanese Navy Nashiba Tokioki 1850 1924 admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy Arichi Shinanojō 1843 1919 admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General StaffWritersInoue Koichi pen name Inoue Kenkabō 1870 1934 journalist and writer of senryu short humorous verse HistoriansInoue Mitsusada 1917 1983 Historian of Ancient Japan Professor of the University of Tokyo first director of National Museum of Japanese History Grandson of Inoue Kaoru and Katsura TaroEntrepreneursAikawa Yoshisuke 1880 1967 Japanese entrepreneur businessman and politician founder and first president of the Nissan zaibatsu 1931 1945 See also editFirst Chōshu expedition Satchō Alliance Second Chōshu expedition Boshin War List of HanNotes edit Flag used by the Chōshu army during the Boshin War from 1868 to 1869 References edit Deal William E 2005 Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan p 81 GenealogyFurther reading editBakufu seichō kiroku 幕府征長記錄 1973 Edited by Nihon Shiseki Kyōkai 日本史籍協會 Tokyo Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai Craig Albert M 1961 Chōshu in the Meiji restoration Cambridge Harvard University Press Huber Thomas M 1981 The Revolutionary Origins of Modern Japan Stanford California Stanford University Press Ogawa Ayako 小川亜弥子 1998 Bakumatsuki Chōshu han yōgakushi no kenkyu 幕末期長州藩洋学史の研究 Tokyo Shibunkaku Shuppan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chōshu Domain amp oldid 1199466890, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.