Saltaire
Saltaire is a Victorian model village in Shipley, West Yorkshire, England, on the River Aire by Salt's Mill and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
Saltaire mills from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal | |
| Location | City of Bradford, England |
| Criteria | Cultural: ii, iv |
| Reference | 1028 |
| Inscription | 2001 (25th Session) |
| Area | 20 ha |
| Buffer zone | 1,078 ha |
| Coordinates | 53°50′14″N 1°47′25″W / 53.83722°N 1.79028°WCoordinates: 53°50′14″N 1°47′25″W / 53.83722°N 1.79028°W |
Map showing location of Saltaire Saltaire (the United Kingdom) | |
History
Saltaire was built in 1851 by Sir Titus Salt, a leading industrialist in the Yorkshire woollen industry. The name of the village is a combination of the founder's surname and the name of the river. Salt moved his business (five separate mills) from Bradford to this site near Shipley to arrange his workers and to site his large textile mill by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the railway. Salt employed the local architects Francis Lockwood and William Mawson.[1]
Similar, but considerably smaller, projects had also been started around the same time by Edward Akroyd at Copley and by Henry Ripley at Ripley Ville. The cotton mill village of New Lanark, which is also a World Heritage site, was founded by David Dale in 1786.
Salt built neat stone houses for his workers (much better than the slums of Bradford), wash-houses with tap water, bath-houses, a hospital and an institute for recreation and education, with a library, a reading room, a concert hall, billiard room, science laboratory and a gymnasium. The village had a school for the children of the workers, almshouses, allotments, a park and a boathouse.[2] Recreational initiatives were also encouraged such as the establishment of a drum and fife band for school age boys and a brass band, precursor of today's Hammonds Saltaire Band, for men of the village.[3]
With the combination of quality housing, employment, recreation, educational facilities and social services the model town represented a landmark example of enlightened 19th century urban planning.[4][5] In October 1872, Saltaire, along with Dean Clough Mill in Halifax, were featured highlights of the Japanese Government's Iwakura Mission tour of modern industrial Britain.[6]
Sir Titus died in 1876 and was interred in the mausoleum adjacent to the Congregational church. When Sir Titus Salt's son, Titus Salt Junior, died, Saltaire was taken over by a partnership which included Sir James Roberts from Haworth.
Sir James Roberts had worked in wool mills since the age of eleven. He had significant business interests in Russia, and spoke Russian fluently. Roberts came to own Saltaire, but chose to invest his money heavily in Russia, losing some of his fortune in the Russian Revolution. He endowed a chair of Russian at Leeds University and bought the Brontës' Haworth Parsonage for the nation. He is mentioned in T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land. Roberts is buried at Fairlight, East Sussex.[7] His legacy can still be seen in Saltaire in the park to the north of the river, which he named Roberts Park after his son when he gave it to Bradford Council in 1920.[8]
Saltaire village remained under the ownership of the Mill until it was sold by Messrs. Salts (Saltaire) Ltd. to the Bradford Property Trust Ltd. on 31 July 1933. In October 1933, the new owners came to an arrangement with Shipley Urban District Council to carry out improvements, including the renewal of gas services, provision of mains electricity, along with sewerage and sanitary improvements. This included "a comprehensive scheme to eliminate the waste water lavatories and the old type of coal store, and to erect new in their places." The full scheme included the removal of 43 houses to open out certain parts of the village.[9]
Saltaire today
In December 2001, Saltaire was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.[10] This means that the government has a duty to protect the site. The buildings belonging to the model village are individually listed, with the highest level of protection given to the Congregational church (since 1972 Saltaire United Reformed Church) which is listed grade I. The village has survived remarkably complete, but further protection is needed as the village is blighted by traffic through the Aire Valley, an important east-west route. A bypass is proposed to relieve traffic pressure. Roberts Park, on the north side of the river, suffered from neglect and vandalism but has been restored by Bradford Council.[11] In July 2014 it was announced that planning officers had compiled a list of replacement front doors that were deemed to be "not in keeping with the buildings' historic status."[12]
Saltaire is a conservation area. Victoria Hall (originally the Saltaire Institute) is used for meetings, community events and concerts, and houses a Wurlitzer theatre pipe organ.[13] The village is served by Saltaire railway station.
The Saltaire Festival, which first took place in 2003 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the foundation of Saltaire, is held every year over eleven days in September. The Saltaire Arts Trail is a visual arts festival that takes place each May. Its public events include art exhibitions, children's activities, a Makers Fair, and Open Houses where residents open their homes which become temporary art galleries.
Politically, Saltaire is part of the Shipley electoral ward of the City of Bradford, of the Saltaire and Hirstwood ward of Shipley Town Council,[14] and part of the parliamentary constituency of Shipley, currently represented by Philip Davies of the Conservatives. From 1999 to 2005, parliamentarians from three chambers, Chris Leslie MP in the House of Commons, Lord Wallace of Saltaire in the House of Lords and Richard Corbett MEP in the European Parliament, all lived in Saltaire.
Proposed bypass
This section needs to be updated. (September 2022) |
Saltaire is surrounded by a buffer zone established to protect the context of the World Heritage Site. Concerns have been raised over plans announced by Bradford Council and Action Airedale to site a bypass through the buffer zone to either side of the World Heritage Site and to tunnel beneath the village.[15] Within sight of the mill, the tunnel would follow the line of the railway and exit behind the United Reformed Church.[16] As it would pass alongside the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, it could impact on this Conservation Area. The route would impact on an ancient semi-natural woodland and the Woodland Garden of Remembrance at Nab Wood Cemetery.[17]
Salts Mill today
Salts Mill closed as a textile mill in February 1986, and Jonathan Silver bought it the following year and began renovating it.[1] Today it houses a mixture of business, commerce, leisure and residential use. In the main mill building are:
- The 1853 art gallery: several large rooms given over to the works of the Bradford-born artist David Hockney: including paintings, drawings, photomontages and stage sets.
- Industrial companies including the electronics manufacturer ARRIS International plc (formerly Pace plc).
- Various shops. In 2006 there are shops selling books, art supplies, jewellery, outdoor wear, antiques, suits, bicycles and housewares; the last includes pieces by internationally known designers such as Alvar Aalto and Philippe Starck.
- Restaurants and cafes.
The "New Mill", on the other side of the canal, is divided between offices for the local National Health Service Trusts and residential flats.
Media
Film footage of Saltaire and the nearby Shipley Glen Tramway in 1914 is held by the Yorkshire Film Archive.[18] A two minute short clip showing workers leaving Salt's Mill on 24 July 1900 is held by the British Film Institute.[19]
2009
- Spanish Flu: The Forgotten Fallen (BBC TV television drama)[20]
2014
- The Hunter's Prayer (film) [21]
2015
- An Inspector Calls (BBC TV Movie) [22]
- Countryfile, 25 May 2015 (BBC TV Series)[23]
2017
- The Hunter's Prayer (film starring Sam Worthington)[24]
2018
- Funny Cow (film starring Maxine Peake)[25]
- The ABC Murders (BBC TV Series starring John Malkovich)[26]
2019
- The English Game (Netflix series written by Julian Fellowes)[27]
2020
- Countryfile, 13 December 2020 (BBC TV Series)[28]
2022
- Gentleman Jack (TV series)[29]
- Our Great Yorkshire Life[30]
Notable residents
- Martha Brown (servant to the Brontë family)[31]
- Arthur Raistrick (geologist and archaeologist)[32]
- Tony Richardson (film director and producer)[33]
- Sir Titus Salt (businessman and founder of Saltaire)
- Jonathan Silver (entrepreneur and owner of Salt's Mill)
- Marie Studholme (actor and singer known for Victorian and Edwardian musical comedy)[34]
Notable businesses from Saltaire
- The Scott Motorcycle Company was based in Hirst Works, Hirstwood Road, in the early 20th century.[citation needed]
- Pace plc head office is in Salts Mill, opened in 1982.[citation needed]
See also
- Crespi d'Adda - a UNESCO heritage listed "company town" built during industrial revolution in Italy
- Derwent Valley Mills - cotton mill with workers' housing
Photographs
Victoria Hall, Saltaire Village
Salts Mill
Salts Mill and River Aire
Salts Mill
Inside of the Congregational Church
References
- ^ a b Greenhalf, Jim (1997). Salt & Silver: A Story of Hope. Bradford Libraries. ISBN 0-907734-52-9.
- ^ Holroyd, Abraham (2000) [1873]. Saltaire and its Founder. Piroisms Press. ISBN 0-9538601-0-8.
- ^ "History: 1855 to 1894". The Hammonds Saltaire Band. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
- ^ Bell, C. and R. (1972) City Fathers: The early history of town planning in Britain, Penguin, Harmondsworth
- ^ Cherry, G. (1979) 'The Town Planning Movement and the Late Victorian City', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 306–319
- ^ Kunitake, Kume (2009). Chushichi Tsuzuki and R. Jules Young (ed.). Japan Rising: The Iwakura embassy to the USA and Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-521-73516-2.
- ^ Holloway, Julia Bolton. "Sir James Roberts". Retrieved 17 October 2009.
- ^ "Roberts Park, Saltaire, Yorkshire". The Victorian Web. 1 October 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ^ "Reconstruction of Saltaire Village". Shipley Times and Express. 22 December 1934. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
- ^ "Saltaire – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". UNESCO. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
- ^ "Roberts Park on schedule for 2010 opening". Bradford Telegraph & Argus. 8 April 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
- ^ "Enforcement warning by Council as it cracks down on 'rogue' front doors fitted to homes in historic Saltaire". Bradford Telegraph & Argus. 8 July 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
- ^ Tate, Chris (1 February 2013). "Famous Wurlitzer brings the generations together at Victoria Hall, Saltaire". Telegraph and Argus. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- ^ "About". Shipley Town Council. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
- ^ . Saltaire Village
- ^ Google Maps with proposed tunnel and protected areas.
- ^ . Sweeble. 20 June 2007. Archived from the original on 30 June 2007. Retrieved 31 July 2007.
- ^ "Shipley Glen (1914)", Yorkshire Film Archive. Retrieved 4 April 2020
- ^ Workforce Leaving Salt's Works in Saltaire. British Film Institute. 24 July 1900. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
- ^ "Dewsbury Town Hall is small-screen star!". BBC. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ "Hollywood film makers pick Saltaire as location for new movie". Telegraph & Argus. 10 December 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ "Saltaire is filming location for TV adaptation of An Inspector Calls". Telegraph & Argus. 20 February 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- ^ "Where Town Meets Country". BBC. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
- ^ "The Hunter's Prayer". Screen Yorkshire. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ "Bradford City of Film supports new films Funny Cow, Ghost Story and Dark River". Telegraph & Argus. 19 February 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
- ^ "The ABC Murders". Screen Yorkshire. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- ^ "Netflix are filming a new period drama written by Julian Fellowes in Saltaire". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ "Stour Estuary". BBC. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
- ^ "First look at Suranne Jones in new series of Gentleman Jack filmed in district". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ^ "Historic Saltaire building showcased on national TV show". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ^ "FAMILY AND FRIENDS - MARTHA BROWN". Brontë Parsonage Museum. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
- ^ "The Elizabeth and Arthur Raistrick Archive – Archives Hub". archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ "Tony Richardson film cell plaque in Saltaire". www.blueplaqueplaces.co.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
- ^ Burnett, Alan (8 October 2010). "News From Nowhere: Sepia Saturday : The Gaiety Girl And The Sixpenny Signature". News From Nowhere. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
External links
- Saltaire Village website