Cryptomycota ('hidden fungi'), Rozellida, or Rozellomycota are a clade of micro-organisms that are either fungi or a sister group to fungi. They differ from classical fungi in that they lack chitinous cell walls at any trophic stage in their lifecycle, as reported by Jones and colleagues in 2011.[1][2] Despite their unconventional feeding habits,[clarification needed] chitin has been observed in the inner layer of resting spores, and in immature resting spores for some species of Rozella, as indicated with calcofluor-white stain as well as the presence of a fungal-specific chitin synthase gene.[3]
Cryptomycota Jones & Richards 2011 em. Karpov & Aleoshin 2014
Rozellida Lara et al. 2010 non Cavalier-Smith 2013
Rozellosporidia Karpov 2017
Rozellomycotina Tedersoo et al. 2018
Rozellida were first detected as DNA sequences retrieved from a freshwater laboratory enclosure. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences formed a unique terminal clade of then unknown affiliation provisionally called after the first clone in the clade: LKM11.[4]
The only formally described genus in the clade is Rozella, which was previously considered a chytrid. The existence of related organisms was known from environmental DNA sequences.[5]
Additional members of the group were isolated in 2011 by a team led by Thomas Richards, from the Natural History Museum in London, and also an evolutionary geneticist at the University of Exeter, UK. The team used DNA techniques to disclose the existence of unknown genetic material dredged from the university pond. Once they had a few unknown sequences they fluorescently labeled small DNA sequences and let them bind to the matching DNA in the whole sample (fluorescence in situ hybridization). Under fluorescence microscopy, they could see that the possessor cells were ovoid in shape and 3–5 micrometres across. They then established that the cryptomycota were present in other samples taken from further freshwater environments, soils and marine sediments.[6][7]
The common characteristic of the clade members is that they lack the chitinous cell walls present in almost all previously discovered fungi (including microsporidia) and which are a major feature of the kingdom. Without the chitin the cryptomycota can be phagotrophic parasites that feed by attaching to, engulfing, or living inside other cells. Most known fungi feed by osmotrophy—taking in nutrients from outside the cell.[6]
^Jones MD, Richards TA, Hawksworth DL, Bass D (2011). "Validation and justification of the phylum name Cryptomycota phyl. nov". IMA Fungus. 2 (2): 173–7. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.02.08. PMC3359815. PMID 22679602.
^Jones MD, Forn I, Gadelha C, Egan MJ, Bass D, Massana R, Richards TA (2011). "Discovery of novel intermediate forms redefines the fungal tree of life". Nature. 474 (7350): 200–3. doi:10.1038/nature09984. PMID 21562490. S2CID 4412818.
^van Hannen EJ, Mooij W, van Agterveld MP, Gons HJ, Laanbroek HJ (1999). "Detritus-dependent development of the microbial community in an experimental system: Qualitative analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 65 (6): 2478–84. Bibcode:1999ApEnM..65.2478V. doi:10.1128/AEM.65.6.2478-2484.1999. PMC91365. PMID 10347030.
^Lara E, Moreira D, López-García P (2010). "The environmental clade LKM11 and Rozella form the deepest branching clade of fungi" (PDF). Protist. 161 (1): 116–21. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2009.06.005. PMID 19674933.
^ abTurner M. (11 May 2011). "The evolutionary tree of fungi grows a new branch". Nature News. doi:10.1038/news.2011.285.
^Ghosh P. (11 May 2011). "'Missing link' fungi found in Devon pond". BBC News. Retrieved 2014-10-31.
^Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Al-Ani LK, Tedersoo L, Haelewaters D, Rajeshkumar KC, et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa" (PDF). Mycosphere. 11 (1): 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. ISSN 2077-7019.
^Karpov; et al. (2014). "Morphology, phylogeny and ecology of the aphelids (Aphelidea, Opisthokonta) and proposal for the new superphylum Opisthosporidia". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 112. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00112. PMC3975115. PMID 24734027.
February 15, 2024
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Cryptomycota hidden fungi Rozellida or Rozellomycota are a clade of micro organisms that are either fungi or a sister group to fungi They differ from classical fungi in that they lack chitinous cell walls at any trophic stage in their lifecycle as reported by Jones and colleagues in 2011 1 2 Despite their unconventional feeding habits clarification needed chitin has been observed in the inner layer of resting spores and in immature resting spores for some species of Rozella as indicated with calcofluor white stain as well as the presence of a fungal specific chitin synthase gene 3 RozellidaRozella allomycis parasitizing the chytrid Allomyces sp Scientific classificationDomain Eukaryota unranked Opisthokonta unranked HolomycotaKingdom FungiPhylum RozellomycotaClass RozellideaOrder RozellidaCavalier Smith 2013GenusMitosporidium Morellospora Nucleophaga Paramicrosporidium RozellaSynonymsCryptomycota Jones amp Richards 2011 em Karpov amp Aleoshin 2014 Rozellida Lara et al 2010 non Cavalier Smith 2013 Rozellosporidia Karpov 2017 Rozellomycotina Tedersoo et al 2018Rozellida were first detected as DNA sequences retrieved from a freshwater laboratory enclosure Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences formed a unique terminal clade of then unknown affiliation provisionally called after the first clone in the clade LKM11 4 The only formally described genus in the clade is Rozella which was previously considered a chytrid The existence of related organisms was known from environmental DNA sequences 5 Additional members of the group were isolated in 2011 by a team led by Thomas Richards from the Natural History Museum in London and also an evolutionary geneticist at the University of Exeter UK The team used DNA techniques to disclose the existence of unknown genetic material dredged from the university pond Once they had a few unknown sequences they fluorescently labeled small DNA sequences and let them bind to the matching DNA in the whole sample fluorescence in situ hybridization Under fluorescence microscopy they could see that the possessor cells were ovoid in shape and 3 5 micrometres across They then established that the cryptomycota were present in other samples taken from further freshwater environments soils and marine sediments 6 7 The common characteristic of the clade members is that they lack the chitinous cell walls present in almost all previously discovered fungi including microsporidia and which are a major feature of the kingdom Without the chitin the cryptomycota can be phagotrophic parasites that feed by attaching to engulfing or living inside other cells Most known fungi feed by osmotrophy taking in nutrients from outside the cell 6 Taxonomy editPhylogeny of Rozellomycota 8 Fungi AphelidiomycotaEumycotaRozellomyceta Rozellomycota RozellaMicrosporidiomycota MitosporidiumMorellosporaParamicrosporidiumNucleophagaMicrosporidiaPhylum Rozellomycota 9 Class Rozellidea Cavalier Smith 2013 s s Order Rozellida Cavalier Smith 2013 s s Genus Mitosporidium Haag et al 2014 Genus Morellospora Corsaro et al 2020 Genus Nucleophaga Dangeard 1895 Genus Paramicrosporidium Corsaro et al 2014 Genus Rozella Cornu 1872References edit Jones MD Richards TA Hawksworth DL Bass D 2011 Validation and justification of the phylum name Cryptomycota phyl nov IMA Fungus 2 2 173 7 doi 10 5598 imafungus 2011 02 02 08 PMC 3359815 PMID 22679602 Jones MD Forn I Gadelha C Egan MJ Bass D Massana R Richards TA 2011 Discovery of novel intermediate forms redefines the fungal tree of life Nature 474 7350 200 3 doi 10 1038 nature09984 PMID 21562490 S2CID 4412818 James TY Berbee ML 2011 No jacket required New fungal lineage defies dress code BioEssays 34 2 94 102 doi 10 1002 bies 201100110 hdl 2027 42 90101 PMID 22131166 S2CID 12406213 van Hannen EJ Mooij W van Agterveld MP Gons HJ Laanbroek HJ 1999 Detritus dependent development of the microbial community in an experimental system Qualitative analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65 6 2478 84 Bibcode 1999ApEnM 65 2478V doi 10 1128 AEM 65 6 2478 2484 1999 PMC 91365 PMID 10347030 Lara E Moreira D Lopez Garcia P 2010 The environmental clade LKM11 and Rozella form the deepest branching clade of fungi PDF Protist 161 1 116 21 doi 10 1016 j protis 2009 06 005 PMID 19674933 a b Turner M 11 May 2011 The evolutionary tree of fungi grows a new branch Nature News doi 10 1038 news 2011 285 Ghosh P 11 May 2011 Missing link fungi found in Devon pond BBC News Retrieved 2014 10 31 Wijayawardene NN Hyde KD Al Ani LK Tedersoo L Haelewaters D Rajeshkumar KC et al 2020 Outline of Fungi and fungus like taxa PDF Mycosphere 11 1 1060 1456 doi 10 5943 mycosphere 11 1 8 ISSN 2077 7019 Karpov et al 2014 Morphology phylogeny and ecology of the aphelids Aphelidea Opisthokonta and proposal for the new superphylum Opisthosporidia Frontiers in Microbiology 5 112 doi 10 3389 fmicb 2014 00112 PMC 3975115 PMID 24734027 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rozellida amp oldid 1178764248, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
