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Romani people in Greece

January 01, 1970

The Romani people of Greece, or Romá (Greek: Ρομάνι/Ρομά), are called Tsinganoi (Greek: Τσιγγάνοι), Athinganoi (Αθίγγανοι), or the more derogatory term Gyftoi (Greek: Γύφτοι) (Romani people). On 8 April 2019, the Greek government stated that the number of Greek Roma citizens in Greece is around 110,000.[1] Other estimates have placed the number of Romani people resident in Greece as high as 350,000.[2]

Romani people in Greece
Total population
‹See Tfd› ≈ 110,000[1]
Regions with significant populations
Athens and Thessaloniki
Languages
Romani, Greek, Romano-Greek, Balkan Romani
Religion
Greek Orthodox, Sunni Islam

History edit

Origin edit

The Romani people originate from Northern India,[3][4][5][6][7][8] presumably from the northwestern Indian states Rajasthan[7][8] and Punjab.[7] Linguistic evidence has shown that roots of Romani language lie in India: the language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them a big part of the basic lexicon, for example, body parts or daily routines.[9]

Arrival into the Balkans edit

The history of Roma in Greece goes back to the 15th century. The name Gypsy (Gyftos = Γύφτος) sometimes used for the Romani people was first given to them by the Greeks, who supposed them to be Egyptian in origin.[10] Due to their nomadic nature, they are not concentrated in a specific geographical area, but are dispersed all over the country. The majority of the Greek Roma yet are Hellenized and Orthodox Christians who speak the Romani language in addition to Greek,[11] or the Romano-Greek language, like the Finikas Romika.[12] There are several other Dialects spoken by the Roma In Greece, as the Agios Athanasios-Balkan Romani,[13] the Parakalamos-Romacilikanes,[14] or the Volos Sevlengere Roma.[15] Mostly Muslim Roma who live in Western Thrace adopted a Greek muslim identity and speak Turkish and the Xoraxane dialect[16] Sedentary Roma Groups from Serres region, believe their Ancestors was once taken from Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517 to work of the Land of Turkish Feudallords in Rumelia.[17] Also in Evliya Çelebi's Seyahatname of 1668, he mentioned that the Roma from Komotini (Gümülcine) swear their Ancestors came from Egypt.[18] Banyan merchants came once via Indo-Roman trade relations and settled there for a while in Roman Egypt, so their Ancestors must be Doms in Egypt.[19][20][21]

Migration to Turkey edit

During the Population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923, different Muslim Turkish Roma groups from Greece, like the Tütünčides (Tobacco traders/workers)[22] or the Sepetčides (Basketmakers)[23] moved to Turkey, and were called Mübadil Romanlar.[24]

Settlements edit

The Roma in Greece live scattered on the whole territory of the country, mainly in the suburbs. Notable centres of Romani life in Athens are Agia Varvara which has a very successful Romani community and Ano Liosia where conditions are poorer. Roma largely maintain their own customs and traditions. Although a large number of Roma has adopted a sedentary and urban way of living, there are still settlements in some areas. The nomads at the settlements often differentiate themselves from the rest of the population. They number 200,000 according to the Greek government. According to the National Commission for Human Rights that number is closer to 250,000 and according to the Greek Helsinki Watch group to 300,000.[11]

As a result of neglect by the state, among other factors, the Romani communities in Greece face several problems including high rates of child labour and abuse, low school attendance, police discrimination and drug trafficking. The most serious issue is the housing problem since many Roma in Greece still live in tents, on properties they do not own, making them subject to eviction. In the past decade these issues have received wider attention and some state funding.[11]

On two occasions, the European Committee of Social Rights found Greece in violation of the European Social Charter by its policy towards Roma in the field of housing.[25][26] Furthermore, between 1998-2002, 502 Albanian Roma children disappeared from the Greek Foundation for children Agia Varvara.[27] These cases were not investigated by the Greek authorities until the European Union forced an investigation, which only led to the recovery of 4 children. The children who were sold were presumably sold to human traffickers for sexual slavery or organ harvesting, according to a report submitted by the Greek government to the European Commission.[28][29]

Religion edit

The majority of the Greek Roma are Orthodox Christian like the groups Medvedara (Bear-leader), Katsiveli, Fitsiria, Mandopolini etc., and have taken a Greek identity (language, names) while a small part of them, the Erli/Erlides (Greek: Ερλίδες), and Tourkogyftos are Muslim Roma concentrated in Western Thrace have adopted Turkish identities.[30]

Notable Roma from Greece edit

 
Kostas Hatzis

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Kampouris, Nick (9 April 2019). "Premier Tsipras Hosts Roma Delegation for International Romani Day". Greekreporter.com. LV: Nick Kampouris.
  2. ^ "Greece NGO". Greek Helsinki Monitor. LV: Minelres.
  3. ^ Hancock, Ian F. (2005) [2002]. We are the Romani People. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-902806-19-8: ‘While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romani groups, it may be hardly representative today, Sarren (1976:72) concluded that we still remain together, genetically, Asian rather than European’{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  4. ^ Mendizabal, Isabel (6 December 2012). "Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome-wide Data". Current Biology. 22 (24): 2342–2349. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.039. hdl:10230/25348. PMID 23219723.
  5. ^ Sindya N. Bhanoo (11 December 2012). "Genomic Study Traces Roma to Northern India". The New York Times.
  6. ^ Current Biology.
  7. ^ a b c K. Meira Goldberg; Ninotchka Devorah Bennahum; Michelle Heffner Hayes (28 September 2015). Flamenco on the Global Stage: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Perspectives. McFarland. p. 50. ISBN 9780786494705. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  8. ^ a b Simon Broughton; Mark Ellingham; Richard Trillo (1999). World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Rough Guides. p. 147. ISBN 9781858286358. Retrieved 21 May 2016. Roma Rajastan Penjab.
  9. ^ Šebková, Hana; Žlnayová, Edita (1998), (PDF), Ústí nad Labem: Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity J. E. Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem, p. 4, ISBN 978-80-7044-205-0, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016
  10. ^ Makris, A. (22 October 2013). "Roma in Greece: Tough Life, Segregation and... Crimes - GreekReporter.com". Greekreporter.com.
  11. ^ a b c . Archived from the original on 14 September 2007. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
  12. ^ Sechidou, Irene (2005). "Finikas Romika: A Greek Para-Romani variety". Romani Studies. 15: 51–79. doi:10.3828/RS.2005.3. S2CID 143406618.
  13. ^ Friedman, Victor (January 2012). "Balkan Romani: The Dialect of Ajios Athanasios/Greece (Languages of the World/Materials 481) (review)" (PDF). Romani Studies. 22 (1): 76–85. doi:10.3828/rs.2012.5.
  14. ^ Matras, Yaron (2004). "Romacilikanes—The Romani dialect of Parakalamos". Romani Studies. 14: 59–109. doi:10.3828/rs.2004.3 – via ResearchGate.
  15. ^ "Roma traditional craft: basket weaving — Правозахисний фонд "Розвиток"". www.rozvitok.org. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  16. ^ Adamou, Evangelia; Arvaniti, Amalia (2014). "Greek Thrace Xoraxane Romane". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 44 (2): 223–231. doi:10.1017/S0025100313000376. S2CID 143602944.
  17. ^ Zachos, Dimitrios (2011). "Sedentary Roma (Gypsies): The case of Serres (Greece)". Romani Studies. 21: 23–56. doi:10.3828/rs.2011.2. S2CID 144321480.
  18. ^ Robert Dankoff (1991). "The Earliest Text in Balkan (Rumelian) Romani: A Passage from Evliya Çelebi's Seyah¢a@t na@meh" (PDF). Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society. Fifth Series. 1 (1): 1–20.
  19. ^ Salomon, Richard (1991). "Epigraphic Remains of Indian Traders in Egypt". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 111 (4): 731–736. doi:10.2307/603404. JSTOR 603404.
  20. ^ "India-Egypt trade during antiquity".
  21. ^ "Indians used own cooking pots in Egypt during ancient Indo-Roman trade". The Economic Times.
  22. ^ "Figure 3. The Roma tobacco workers who live in Ortaköy/Beşiktaş with".
  23. ^ "Sepečides / Sevlengere Roma" (in Turkish).
  24. ^ "Unutulan Mübadil Romanlar: 'Toprağın kovduğu insanlar'" (in Turkish). 7 February 2021.
  25. ^ "La Charte sociale européenne" (PDF). Coe.int. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  26. ^ "La Charte sociale européenne" (PDF). Coe.int. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  27. ^ Mariam, Nicky (29 August 2013). "Agia Varvara Children Still Missing | GreekReporter.com". Greekreporter.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  28. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  29. ^ "Children, Racism and the Greek State |". 2ndcouncilhouse.co.uk. 19 October 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  30. ^ "Roma – Sub Ethnic Groups [Rombase]".

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Romani people in Greece.
  • Roma in Greece, 1999

January 01, 1970
romani, people, greece, romani, people, greece, romá, greek, Ρομάνι, Ρομά, called, tsinganoi, greek, Τσιγγάνοι, athinganoi, Αθίγγανοι, more, derogatory, term, gyftoi, greek, Γύφτοι, romani, people, april, 2019, greek, government, stated, that, number, greek, r. The Romani people of Greece or Roma Greek Romani Roma are called Tsinganoi Greek Tsigganoi Athinganoi A8igganoi or the more derogatory term Gyftoi Greek Gyftoi Romani people On 8 April 2019 the Greek government stated that the number of Greek Roma citizens in Greece is around 110 000 1 Other estimates have placed the number of Romani people resident in Greece as high as 350 000 2 Romani people in GreeceTotal population See Tfd 110 000 1 Regions with significant populationsAthens and ThessalonikiLanguagesRomani Greek Romano Greek Balkan RomaniReligionGreek Orthodox Sunni Islam Contents 1 History 1 1 Origin 1 2 Arrival into the Balkans 1 3 Migration to Turkey 1 4 Settlements 1 5 Religion 2 Notable Roma from Greece 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editOrigin edit The Romani people originate from Northern India 3 4 5 6 7 8 presumably from the northwestern Indian states Rajasthan 7 8 and Punjab 7 Linguistic evidence has shown that roots of Romani language lie in India the language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them a big part of the basic lexicon for example body parts or daily routines 9 Arrival into the Balkans edit The history of Roma in Greece goes back to the 15th century The name Gypsy Gyftos Gyftos sometimes used for the Romani people was first given to them by the Greeks who supposed them to be Egyptian in origin 10 Due to their nomadic nature they are not concentrated in a specific geographical area but are dispersed all over the country The majority of the Greek Roma yet are Hellenized and Orthodox Christians who speak the Romani language in addition to Greek 11 or the Romano Greek language like the Finikas Romika 12 There are several other Dialects spoken by the Roma In Greece as the Agios Athanasios Balkan Romani 13 the Parakalamos Romacilikanes 14 or the Volos Sevlengere Roma 15 Mostly Muslim Roma who live in Western Thrace adopted a Greek muslim identity and speak Turkish and the Xoraxane dialect 16 Sedentary Roma Groups from Serres region believe their Ancestors was once taken from Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517 to work of the Land of Turkish Feudallords in Rumelia 17 Also in Evliya Celebi s Seyahatname of 1668 he mentioned that the Roma from Komotini Gumulcine swear their Ancestors came from Egypt 18 Banyan merchants came once via Indo Roman trade relations and settled there for a while in Roman Egypt so their Ancestors must be Doms in Egypt 19 20 21 Migration to Turkey edit During the Population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923 different Muslim Turkish Roma groups from Greece like the Tutuncides Tobacco traders workers 22 or the Sepetcides Basketmakers 23 moved to Turkey and were called Mubadil Romanlar 24 Settlements edit The Roma in Greece live scattered on the whole territory of the country mainly in the suburbs Notable centres of Romani life in Athens are Agia Varvara which has a very successful Romani community and Ano Liosia where conditions are poorer Roma largely maintain their own customs and traditions Although a large number of Roma has adopted a sedentary and urban way of living there are still settlements in some areas The nomads at the settlements often differentiate themselves from the rest of the population They number 200 000 according to the Greek government According to the National Commission for Human Rights that number is closer to 250 000 and according to the Greek Helsinki Watch group to 300 000 11 As a result of neglect by the state among other factors the Romani communities in Greece face several problems including high rates of child labour and abuse low school attendance police discrimination and drug trafficking The most serious issue is the housing problem since many Roma in Greece still live in tents on properties they do not own making them subject to eviction In the past decade these issues have received wider attention and some state funding 11 On two occasions the European Committee of Social Rights found Greece in violation of the European Social Charter by its policy towards Roma in the field of housing 25 26 Furthermore between 1998 2002 502 Albanian Roma children disappeared from the Greek Foundation for children Agia Varvara 27 These cases were not investigated by the Greek authorities until the European Union forced an investigation which only led to the recovery of 4 children The children who were sold were presumably sold to human traffickers for sexual slavery or organ harvesting according to a report submitted by the Greek government to the European Commission 28 29 Religion edit The majority of the Greek Roma are Orthodox Christian like the groups Medvedara Bear leader Katsiveli Fitsiria Mandopolini etc and have taken a Greek identity language names while a small part of them the Erli Erlides Greek Erlides and Tourkogyftos are Muslim Roma concentrated in Western Thrace have adopted Turkish identities 30 Notable Roma from Greece edit nbsp Kostas Hatzis Manolis Angelopoulos singer Kostas Hatzis singer and musician Irini Merkouri singer Christos Patsatzoglou Greek international football player Vassilis Saleas clarinetist Eleni Vitali singer and composer Sotis Volanis singer Zafeiris Melas singer Giorgos Giakoumakis Greek international football player who plays as a striker for Major League Soccer club Atlanta United FC and the Greece national team Vangelis PavlidisSee also editMinorities in Greece Muslim minority in Greece The Blond Angel CaseReferences edit a b Kampouris Nick 9 April 2019 Premier Tsipras Hosts Roma Delegation for International Romani Day Greekreporter com LV Nick Kampouris Greece NGO Greek Helsinki Monitor LV Minelres Hancock Ian F 2005 2002 We are the Romani People Univ of Hertfordshire Press p 70 ISBN 978 1 902806 19 8 While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romani groups it may be hardly representative today Sarren 1976 72 concluded that we still remain together genetically Asian rather than European a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint postscript link Mendizabal Isabel 6 December 2012 Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome wide Data Current Biology 22 24 2342 2349 doi 10 1016 j cub 2012 10 039 hdl 10230 25348 PMID 23219723 Sindya N Bhanoo 11 December 2012 Genomic Study Traces Roma to Northern India The New York Times Current Biology a b c K Meira Goldberg Ninotchka Devorah Bennahum Michelle Heffner Hayes 28 September 2015 Flamenco on the Global Stage Historical Critical and Theoretical Perspectives McFarland p 50 ISBN 9780786494705 Retrieved 21 May 2016 a b Simon Broughton Mark Ellingham Richard Trillo 1999 World Music Africa Europe and the Middle East Rough Guides p 147 ISBN 9781858286358 Retrieved 21 May 2016 Roma Rajastan Penjab Sebkova Hana Zlnayova Edita 1998 Nastin mluvnice slovenske romstiny pro pedagogicke ucely PDF Usti nad Labem Pedagogicka fakulta Univerzity J E Purkyne v Usti nad Labem p 4 ISBN 978 80 7044 205 0 archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Makris A 22 October 2013 Roma in Greece Tough Life Segregation and Crimes GreekReporter com Greekreporter com a b c Hellenic Republic National Commission for Human Rights Archived from the original on 14 September 2007 Retrieved 19 May 2007 Sechidou Irene 2005 Finikas Romika A Greek Para Romani variety Romani Studies 15 51 79 doi 10 3828 RS 2005 3 S2CID 143406618 Friedman Victor January 2012 Balkan Romani The Dialect of Ajios Athanasios Greece Languages of the World Materials 481 review PDF Romani Studies 22 1 76 85 doi 10 3828 rs 2012 5 Matras Yaron 2004 Romacilikanes The Romani dialect of Parakalamos Romani Studies 14 59 109 doi 10 3828 rs 2004 3 via ResearchGate Roma traditional craft basket weaving Pravozahisnij fond Rozvitok www rozvitok org 14 July 2016 Retrieved 27 June 2022 Adamou Evangelia Arvaniti Amalia 2014 Greek Thrace Xoraxane Romane Journal of the International Phonetic Association 44 2 223 231 doi 10 1017 S0025100313000376 S2CID 143602944 Zachos Dimitrios 2011 Sedentary Roma Gypsies The case of Serres Greece Romani Studies 21 23 56 doi 10 3828 rs 2011 2 S2CID 144321480 Robert Dankoff 1991 The Earliest Text in Balkan Rumelian Romani A Passage from Evliya Celebi s Seyah a t na meh PDF Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society Fifth Series 1 1 1 20 Salomon Richard 1991 Epigraphic Remains of Indian Traders in Egypt Journal of the American Oriental Society 111 4 731 736 doi 10 2307 603404 JSTOR 603404 India Egypt trade during antiquity Indians used own cooking pots in Egypt during ancient Indo Roman trade The Economic Times Figure 3 The Roma tobacco workers who live in Ortakoy Besiktas with Sepecides Sevlengere Roma in Turkish Unutulan Mubadil Romanlar Topragin kovdugu insanlar in Turkish 7 February 2021 La Charte sociale europeenne PDF Coe int Retrieved 21 May 2016 La Charte sociale europeenne PDF Coe int Retrieved 21 May 2016 Mariam Nicky 29 August 2013 Agia Varvara Children Still Missing GreekReporter com Greekreporter com Retrieved 21 May 2016 Hopiema PDF Archived from the original PDF on 7 July 2011 Retrieved 21 May 2016 Children Racism and the Greek State 2ndcouncilhouse co uk 19 October 2013 Retrieved 21 May 2016 Roma Sub Ethnic Groups Rombase External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Romani people in Greece Roma in Greece 1999 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Romani people in Greece amp oldid 1216007215, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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