When Robert was eleven years old, he was deposed, as Piedmontese troops annexed other Italian states, ultimately to form the Kingdom of Italy. Despite losing his throne, Robert and his family enjoyed considerable wealth, traveling in a private train of more than a dozen cars from his castles at Schwarzau am Steinfeld near Vienna, to Villa Pianore in northwest Italy, and the magnificent Château de Chambord in France.
Maria Pia belonged to the deposed Royal Family of the Two Sicilies and was thus a Bourbon, like her husband. She bore him 12 children, many of whom had intellectual disabilities, before dying in childbirth:
Titular pretender of Parma 1907-1939. From 1907 (his father's death), his brother Elias took up the role as head of the family, although Henry continued to be considered the nominal pretender to the ducal throne. He held the title till his death.
Less than four months after Robert's death in November 1907, the Grand Marshal of the Austrian court declared six of the children of his first marriage legally incompetent (they had severe intellectual disabilities), at the behest of his widow, Maria Antonia. Nonetheless, Robert's primary heir was his son Elias, the youngest son of his first marriage and the only one of his sons by that marriage to beget children of his own. Elias also became the legal guardian of his six elder siblings.
Although the eldest sons of Robert's second marriage, Sixte and Xavier, eventually sued their older half-brother Elias for trying to obtain a greater share of the ducal fortune, they lost in the French courts, leaving the issue of Robert's second marriage with modest prospects. Some of his younger sons served in the Austrian armed forces.
Robert's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son.
Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that if Duke Robert were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Robert, as all his male-line ancestors have been of that house.
Robert's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. It follows the Dukes of Parma as well as the Kings of Spain, France, and Navarre. The line can be traced back more than 1,200 years from Robert of Hesbaye to the present day, through Kings of France & Navarre, Spain and Two-Sicilies, Dukes of Parma and Grand-Dukes of Luxembourg, Princes of Orléans and Emperors of Brazil. It is one of the oldest in Europe.
robert, duke, parma, robert, italian, roberto, carlo, luigi, maria, july, 1848, november, 1907, last, sovereign, duke, parma, piacenza, from, 1854, until, 1859, when, duchy, annexed, sardinia, piedmont, during, risorgimento, member, house, bourbon, parma, desc. Robert I Italian Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria 9 July 1848 16 November 1907 was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 until 1859 when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia Piedmont during the Risorgimento He was a member of the House of Bourbon Parma and descended from Philip Duke of Parma the third son of King Philip V of Spain and Queen Elisabeth Farnese Robert IDuke Robert I in 1900Duke of Parma and PiacenzaReign27 March 1854 9 June 1859PredecessorCharles IIIRegentLouise Marie Therese d ArtoisHead of the House of Bourbon ParmaTenure9 June 1859 16 November 1907SuccessorHenryBorn 1848 07 09 9 July 1848Florence TuscanyDied16 November 1907 1907 11 16 aged 59 Viareggio ItalySpousePrincess Maria Pia of Bourbon Two Sicilies m 1869 died 1882 wbr Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal m 1884 wbr Issuemore Marie Louise Princess of BulgariaHenry Duke of ParmaJoseph Duke of ParmaElias Duke of ParmaPrince SixtusXavier Duke of ParmaZita Empress of AustriaFelix Prince consort of LuxembourgPrince RenePrince GaetanoHouseBourbon ParmaFatherCharles III Duke of ParmaMotherLouise Marie Therese d Artois Contents 1 Early life 2 Marriages and issue 3 Death and legacy 4 Honours 5 Ancestry 5 1 Patrilineal descent 6 See also 7 ReferencesEarly life EditBorn in Florence Robert was the elder son of Charles III Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Therese d Artois daughter of Charles Ferdinand duc de Berry and granddaughter of King Charles X of France He succeeded his father to the ducal throne in 1854 upon the latter s assassination when he was only six while his mother stood as regent When Robert was eleven years old he was deposed as Piedmontese troops annexed other Italian states ultimately to form the Kingdom of Italy Despite losing his throne Robert and his family enjoyed considerable wealth traveling in a private train of more than a dozen cars from his castles at Schwarzau am Steinfeld near Vienna to Villa Pianore in northwest Italy and the magnificent Chateau de Chambord in France Marriages and issue EditOn 5 April 1869 while in exile in Rome he married Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon Two Sicilies 1849 1882 daughter of King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies She was his half first cousin once removed as her father Ferdinand II and Robert s maternal grandmother Princess Caroline Ferdinande of Bourbon Two Sicilies were half siblings both being children of Francis I of the Two Sicilies Maria Pia belonged to the deposed Royal Family of the Two Sicilies and was thus a Bourbon like her husband She bore him 12 children many of whom had intellectual disabilities before dying in childbirth Name Birth Death NotesPrincess Marie Louise 17 January 1870 31 January 1899 1899 01 31 aged 29 Married Ferdinand I Prince of Bulgaria later Tsar and had issue Ferdinando Prince of Piacenza 5 March 1871 14 April 1871 1871 04 14 aged 0 Heir of Parma 1871 Died in infancy Princess Luisa Maria 24 March 1872 22 June 1943 1943 06 22 aged 71 Henry Duke of Parma 13 June 1873 16 November 1939 1939 11 16 aged 66 Titular pretender of Parma 1907 1939 From 1907 his father s death his brother Elias took up the role as head of the family although Henry continued to be considered the nominal pretender to the ducal throne He held the title till his death Princess Maria Immacolata 21 July 1874 16 May 1914 1914 05 16 aged 39 Joseph Duke of Parma 30 June 1875 7 January 1950 1950 01 07 aged 74 Titular pretender of Parma 1939 1950 His brother Elias continued the role as head of the family as he had done with their brother Henry Princess Maria Teresa 15 October 1876 25 January 1959 1959 01 25 aged 82 Princess Maria Pia 9 October 1877 29 January 1915 1915 01 29 aged 37 Princess Beatrice 9 January 1879 11 March 1946 1946 03 11 aged 67 Married Count Pietro Lucchesi Palli a grandson of Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily and her second husband and had issue Elias Duke of Parma 23 July 1880 27 June 1959 1959 06 27 aged 78 Titular pretender of Parma 1950 1959 Married Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria and had issue Last surviving child of his father s first marriage Princess Maria Anastasia 25 August 1881 7 September 1881 1881 09 07 aged 0 Died in infancy Prince Augusto 22 September 1882 22 September 1882 1882 09 22 aged 0 stillborn Maria Pia died giving birth to this child 1 2 After his first wife s death in childbirth he remarried on 15 October 1884 to Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal daughter of the deposed King Miguel I of Portugal and his wife Adelaide of Lowenstein Wertheim Rosenberg Maria Antonia was his second cousin once removed as her paternal grandmother Charlotte of Spain and Robert s paternal great grandmother Maria Luisa of Spain were siblings both being children of Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma She bore him another 12 children Name Birth Death NotesPrincess Maria della Neve Adelaide 5 August 1885 6 February 1959 1959 02 06 aged 73 A Benedictine nun at St Cecilia s Abbey Solesmes Prince Sixtus Sisto Sixte 1 August 1886 14 March 1934 1934 03 14 aged 47 Married Hedwige de La Rochefoucauld and had a daughter Isabelle Xavier Duke of Parma 25 May 1889 7 May 1977 1977 05 07 aged 87 Titular pretender of Parma 1974 1977 Married Madeleine de Bourbon Busset and had issue Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain Princess Francesca 22 April 1890 7 October 1978 1978 10 07 aged 88 A Benedictine nun at St Cecilia s Abbey Solesmes Princess Zita 9 May 1892 14 March 1989 1989 03 14 aged 96 Married the Emperor Charles I of Austria Last surviving child of her father s two marriages Prince Felix 28 October 1893 8 April 1970 1970 04 08 aged 76 Married Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg his first cousin their mothers were sisters and had issue including Jean Grand Duke of LuxembourgPrince Rene 17 October 1894 30 July 1962 1962 07 30 aged 67 Married Princess Margrethe of Denmark and had issue Princess Maria Antonia 7 November 1895 19 October 1977 1977 10 19 aged 81 A Benedictine nun at St Cecilia s Abbey Solesmes Princess Isabella 14 June 1898 28 July 1984 1984 07 28 aged 86 Died unmarried Prince Luigi 5 December 1899 4 December 1967 1967 12 04 aged 67 Married Princess Maria Francesca of Savoy and had issue Princess Henrietta 8 March 1903 13 June 1987 1987 06 13 aged 84 Died unmarried was deaf Prince Gaetano 11 June 1905 9 March 1958 1958 03 09 aged 52 Married Princess Margarete of Thurn and Taxis daughter of Alessandro 1st Duke of Castel Duino They had a daughter Diana who married Prince Franz Joseph son of Frederick Prince of Hohenzollern and later divorced Death and legacy EditLess than four months after Robert s death in November 1907 the Grand Marshal of the Austrian court declared six of the children of his first marriage legally incompetent they had severe intellectual disabilities at the behest of his widow Maria Antonia Nonetheless Robert s primary heir was his son Elias the youngest son of his first marriage and the only one of his sons by that marriage to beget children of his own Elias also became the legal guardian of his six elder siblings Although the eldest sons of Robert s second marriage Sixte and Xavier eventually sued their older half brother Elias for trying to obtain a greater share of the ducal fortune they lost in the French courts leaving the issue of Robert s second marriage with modest prospects Some of his younger sons served in the Austrian armed forces Honours Edit Duchy of Parma Grand Prefect of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St George 3 Spain Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece 19 January 1854 4 Duchy of Modena and Reggio Grand Cross of the Order of the Eagle of Este 1856 5 Kingdom of Bavaria Knight of the Order of St Hubert 1897 6 Grand Duchy of Hesse Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order 9 November 1899 7 Ancestry EditAncestors of Robert I Duke of Parma16 Ferdinand Duke of Parma8 Louis I of Etruria17 Maria Amalia of Austria4 Charles II Duke of Parma18 Charles IV of Spain9 Maria Luisa Duchess of Lucca19 Maria Luisa of Parma2 Charles III Duke of Parma20 Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia10 Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia21 Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain5 Maria Theresa of Savoy22 Ferdinand Karl Archduke of Austria Este11 Maria Theresa of Austria Este23 Maria Beatrice d Este Duchess of Massa1 Robert I Duke of Parma24 Louis Dauphin of France12 Charles X of France25 Maria Josepha of Saxony6 Charles Ferdinand Duke of Berry26 Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia 20 13 Maria Theresa of Savoy27 Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain 21 3 Louise of Artois28 Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies14 Francis I of the Two Sicilies29 Maria Carolina of Austria7 Maria Carolina of Naples and Sicily30 Leopold II Holy Roman Emperor15 Maria Clementina of Austria31 Maria Louise of Spain Patrilineal descent Edit Patrilineal descentRobert s patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses as it can be traced back through the generations which means that if Duke Robert were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Robert as all his male line ancestors have been of that house Robert is a member of the House of Bourbon Parma a sub branch of the House of Bourbon Spain itself originally a branch of the House of Bourbon and thus of the Capetian dynasty and of the Robertians Robert s patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son It follows the Dukes of Parma as well as the Kings of Spain France and Navarre The line can be traced back more than 1 200 years from Robert of Hesbaye to the present day through Kings of France amp Navarre Spain and Two Sicilies Dukes of Parma and Grand Dukes of Luxembourg Princes of Orleans and Emperors of Brazil It is one of the oldest in Europe Robert II of Worms and Rheingau Robert of Hesbaye 770 807 Robert III of Worms and Rheingau 808 834 Robert IV the Strong 820 866 Robert I of France 866 923 Hugh the Great 895 956 Hugh Capet 941 996 Robert II of France 972 1031 Henry I of France 1008 1060 Philip I of France 1053 1108 Louis VI of France 1081 1137 Louis VII of France 1120 1180 Philip II of France 1165 1223 Louis VIII of France 1187 1226 Louis IX of France 1215 1270 Robert Count of Clermont 1256 1317 Louis I Duke of Bourbon 1279 1342 James I Count of La Marche 1319 1362 John I Count of La Marche 1344 1393 Louis Count of Vendome 1376 1446 Jean VIII Count of Vendome 1428 1478 Francois Count of Vendome 1470 1495 Charles de Bourbon Duke of Vendome 1489 1537 Antoine King of Navarre Duke of Vendome 1518 1562 Henry IV King of France and of Navarre 1553 1610 Louis XIII King of France and Navarre 1601 1643 Louis XIV King of France and Navarre 1638 1715 Louis Grand Dauphin of France 1661 1711 Philip V of Spain 1683 1746 Philip Duke of Parma 1720 1765 Ferdinand Duke of Parma 1751 1802 Louis of Etruria 1773 1803 Charles II Duke of Parma 1799 1883 Charles III Duke of Parma 1823 1854 Robert I Duke of Parma 1848 1907See also EditDuchy of Parma List of Dukes of ParmaReferences Edit Willis Daniel The Descendants of Louis XIII Clearfield Co Inc Baltimore Maryland 1999 ISBN 0 8063 4942 5 p 342 Beate Hammond Maria Theresia Elisabeth Zita Jugendjahre grosser Kaiserinnen Ueberreuter 2002 Almanacco di corte per l anno 1852 Tipografia Reale 1852 p 28 Caballeros de la insigne orden del toison de oro Guia Oficial de Espana in Spanish 1887 p 146 Retrieved 21 March 2019 Almanacco di corte p 30 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Konigreich Bayern 1906 Konigliche Orden p 8 Ludewigs orden Grossherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste in German Darmstadt Staatsverlag 1907 p 8 Robert I Duke of ParmaHouse of Bourbon ParmaCadet branch of the House of BourbonBorn 9 July 1848 Died 16 November 1907Regnal titlesPreceded byCharles III Duke of Parma1854 1859 Succeeded byAnnexation by theKingdom of ItalyTitles in pretenceNew title TITULAR Duke of Parma1859 1907Reason for succession failure Annexed by Kingdom of Italy Succeeded byHenry Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Robert I Duke of Parma amp 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