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Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899)

The Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (Spanish: Gobierno Revolucionario de Filipinas) was a revolutionary government established in the Spanish East Indies on June 23, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, by Emilio Aguinaldo, its initial and only president.[1] The government succeeded a dictatorial government which had been established by Aguinaldo on June 18,[2] and which was dissolved and replaced by this government upon its establishment.[3][4] This government endured until January 23, 1899, when the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution established an insurgent Philippine Republic government which replaced it.[5][6]

Revolutionary Government of the Philippines
Gobierno Revolucionario de Filipinas (Spanish)
Pamahalaang Rebolusyonaryo ng Pilipinas (Tagalog)
1898–1899
Anthem: Marcha Nacional Filipina
(English: "Philippine National March")
Territory claimed by the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines in Asia
StatusUnrecognized state
CapitalBacoor
(June 1898 – August 1898)
Malolos
(August 1898 – January 1899)
Common languagesSpanish, Tagalog
Religion
Roman Catholicism, Islam
GovernmentRevolutionary republic
President 
• 1898–1899
Emilio Aguinaldo
President of the Cabinet 
• 1899
Apolinario Mabini
LegislatureNone (rule by decree)
(June 23 - September 15, 1898)
Malolos Congress
(from 1898)
Historical eraPhilippine Revolution
• Established
June 23, 1898
August 13, 1898
December 10, 1898
January 23, 1899
CurrencyPhilippine peso

Four governmental departments were initially created, each having several bureaus: foreign relations, marine and commerce; war and public works; police, justice, instruction and hygiene; finance, agriculture, and industry.[7] A Revolutionary Congress was established with power "[t]o watch over the general interest of the Philippine people, and carrying out of the revolutionary laws; to discuss and vote upon said laws; to discuss and approve, prior to their ratification, treaties and loans; to examine and approve the accounts presented annually by the secretary of finance, as well as extraordinary and other taxes which may hereafter be imposed."[8]

On August 14, 1898, two days after the Battle of Manila of the Spanish–American War and about two months after Aguinaldo's proclamation of this revolutionary government, the United States established a military government in the Philippines, with General Merritt acting as military governor.[9]

Government

Cabinet

Aguinaldo appointed his first cabinet on June 15, consisting of Baldomero Aguinaldo as secretary of war and public works, Leanardo Ibarra as secretary of the interior and Mariano Trías as secretary of finance; the secretaryship of foreign relations, marine, and commerce was provisionally left in the charge of the presidency. On September 23, the cabinet was reorganized to six departments.[10]

On January 2, 1899, when it became certain that Cayetano Arellano would not accept the role of secretary of foreign relations, the role fell to Apolinario Mabini. Mabini had to that time been Aguinaldo's principal advisor and he was also named the president of the cabinet.[11]

Cabinet of the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines[10]
Department Secretary Term
President of the Cabinet Apolinario Mabini January 2, 1899 – May 7, 1899
Secretary of War and Public Works Baldomero Aguinaldo June 15, 1898 – May 7, 1899
Secretary of the Interior Leonardo Ibarra June 15, 1898 – January 2, 1899
Secretary of Foreign Affairs Cayetano Arellano September 23, 1898 – January 2, 1899
Apolinario Mabini January 2, 1899 – May 7, 1899
Secretary of Treasury/Finance Mariano Trías June 15, 1898 – May 7, 1899
Secretary of Justice Gregorio Araneta September 23, 1898 – May 7, 1899
Secretary of Welfare[a] Fernando Canon September 23, 1898 – January 2, 1899
Gracio Gonzaga January 2, 1899 – May 7, 1899
  1. ^ including Public Instruction, Public Works, Communications, Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce

References

  1. ^ Duka 2008, pp. 167–174
  2. ^ Elliott 1917, pp. 491–493 (Appendix E: Aguinaldo's Proclamation of June 18, 1898, Establishing the Dictatorial Government)
  3. ^ Kalaw 1927, pp. 423–429 (Appendix C.)
  4. ^ Guevara 1972, p. 35
  5. ^ Guevara 1972, pp. 120–122 (items 28, size=100, view=image 28a and size=100, view=image 28b)).
  6. ^ Elliott 1917, pp. 493–497 (Appendix F: Aguinaldo's Proclamation of June 23, Establishing the Revolutionary Government)
  7. ^ Elliott 1917, pp. 493–494 (Appendix F, Chapter I : Of the Revolutionary Government)
  8. ^ Elliott 1917, pp. 495–496 (Appendix F, Chapter II : Of the Revolutionary Congress)
  9. ^ Halstead 1898, pp. 110–112
  10. ^ a b Kalaw 1927, pp. rgn=full+text, size=100, view=image, q1=the+malolos+constitution 117–118
  11. ^ Kalaw 1927, p. 118

Further reading

  • Duka, Cecilio D. (2008). Struggle for Freedom' 2008 Ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. ISBN 978-971-23-5045-0.
  • Elliott, Charles Burke (1917). The Philippines: To the End of the Commission Government, a Study in Tropical Democracy (pdf).
  • Guevara, Sulpico ed. 1972. The Laws of the First Philippine Republic (The Laws of Malalos). National Historical Institute, Manila., (published online 2005, University of Michigan Library)
  • Halstead, Murat (1898). The Story of the Philippines and Our New Possessions, Including the Ladrones, Hawaii, Cuba and Porto Rico.
  • Kalaw, Maximo Manguiat (1927). The Development of Philippine Politics. Oriental commercial.

revolutionary, government, philippines, 1898, 1899, other, provisional, governments, established, philippines, revolutionary, government, philippines, revolutionary, government, philippines, spanish, gobierno, revolucionario, filipinas, revolutionary, governme. For other provisional governments established in the Philippines see Revolutionary government in the Philippines The Revolutionary Government of the Philippines Spanish Gobierno Revolucionario de Filipinas was a revolutionary government established in the Spanish East Indies on June 23 1898 during the Spanish American War by Emilio Aguinaldo its initial and only president 1 The government succeeded a dictatorial government which had been established by Aguinaldo on June 18 2 and which was dissolved and replaced by this government upon its establishment 3 4 This government endured until January 23 1899 when the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution established an insurgent Philippine Republic government which replaced it 5 6 Revolutionary Government of the PhilippinesGobierno Revolucionario de Filipinas Spanish Pamahalaang Rebolusyonaryo ng Pilipinas Tagalog 1898 1899Flag Coat of armsAnthem Marcha Nacional Filipina English Philippine National March source source track track Territory claimed by the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines in AsiaStatusUnrecognized stateCapitalBacoor June 1898 August 1898 Malolos August 1898 January 1899 Common languagesSpanish TagalogReligionRoman Catholicism IslamGovernmentRevolutionary republicPresident 1898 1899Emilio AguinaldoPresident of the Cabinet 1899Apolinario MabiniLegislatureNone rule by decree June 23 September 15 1898 Malolos Congress from 1898 Historical eraPhilippine Revolution EstablishedJune 23 1898 Mock Battle of ManilaAugust 13 1898 Spanish cessionDecember 10 1898 Republic proclaimedJanuary 23 1899CurrencyPhilippine pesoPreceded by Succeeded bySpanish East IndiesDictatorial Government Military Government of the Philippine IslandsFirst Philippine RepublicWikisource has original text related to this article Emilio Aguinaldo s Proclamation of June 23 1898Wikisource has original text related to this article Emilio Aguinaldo s instructions on June 27 1898 Four governmental departments were initially created each having several bureaus foreign relations marine and commerce war and public works police justice instruction and hygiene finance agriculture and industry 7 A Revolutionary Congress was established with power t o watch over the general interest of the Philippine people and carrying out of the revolutionary laws to discuss and vote upon said laws to discuss and approve prior to their ratification treaties and loans to examine and approve the accounts presented annually by the secretary of finance as well as extraordinary and other taxes which may hereafter be imposed 8 On August 14 1898 two days after the Battle of Manila of the Spanish American War and about two months after Aguinaldo s proclamation of this revolutionary government the United States established a military government in the Philippines with General Merritt acting as military governor 9 Contents 1 Government 1 1 Cabinet 2 References 3 Further readingGovernment EditCabinet Edit Aguinaldo appointed his first cabinet on June 15 consisting of Baldomero Aguinaldo as secretary of war and public works Leanardo Ibarra as secretary of the interior and Mariano Trias as secretary of finance the secretaryship of foreign relations marine and commerce was provisionally left in the charge of the presidency On September 23 the cabinet was reorganized to six departments 10 On January 2 1899 when it became certain that Cayetano Arellano would not accept the role of secretary of foreign relations the role fell to Apolinario Mabini Mabini had to that time been Aguinaldo s principal advisor and he was also named the president of the cabinet 11 Cabinet of the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines 10 Department Secretary TermPresident of the Cabinet Apolinario Mabini January 2 1899 May 7 1899Secretary of War and Public Works Baldomero Aguinaldo June 15 1898 May 7 1899Secretary of the Interior Leonardo Ibarra June 15 1898 January 2 1899Secretary of Foreign Affairs Cayetano Arellano September 23 1898 January 2 1899Apolinario Mabini January 2 1899 May 7 1899Secretary of Treasury Finance Mariano Trias June 15 1898 May 7 1899Secretary of Justice Gregorio Araneta September 23 1898 May 7 1899Secretary of Welfare a Fernando Canon September 23 1898 January 2 1899Gracio Gonzaga January 2 1899 May 7 1899 including Public Instruction Public Works Communications Agriculture Industry and CommerceReferences Edit Duka 2008 pp 167 174 Elliott 1917 pp 491 493 Appendix E Aguinaldo s Proclamation of June 18 1898 Establishing the Dictatorial Government Kalaw 1927 pp 423 429 Appendix C Guevara 1972 p 35 Guevara 1972 pp 120 122 items 28 size 100 view image 28a and size 100 view image 28b Elliott 1917 pp 493 497 Appendix F Aguinaldo s Proclamation of June 23 Establishing the Revolutionary Government Elliott 1917 pp 493 494 Appendix F Chapter I Of the Revolutionary Government Elliott 1917 pp 495 496 Appendix F Chapter II Of the Revolutionary Congress Halstead 1898 pp 110 112 a b Kalaw 1927 pp rgn full text size 100 view image q1 the malolos constitution 117 118 Kalaw 1927 p 118Further reading EditDuka Cecilio D 2008 Struggle for Freedom 2008 Ed Rex Bookstore Inc ISBN 978 971 23 5045 0 Elliott Charles Burke 1917 The Philippines To the End of the Commission Government a Study in Tropical Democracy pdf Guevara Sulpico ed 1972 The Laws of the First Philippine Republic The Laws of Malalos National Historical Institute Manila published online 2005 University of Michigan Library Halstead Murat 1898 The Story of the Philippines and Our New Possessions Including the Ladrones Hawaii Cuba and Porto Rico Kalaw Maximo Manguiat 1927 The Development of Philippine Politics Oriental commercial Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Revolutionary Government of the Philippines 1898 1899 amp oldid 1113747630, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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