Multiple governments have set up permanent research stations in Antarctica and these bases are widely distributed. Unlike the drifting ice stations set up in the Arctic, the research stations of the Antarctic are constructed either on rock or on ice that is (for practical purposes) fixed in place.
Location of permanent Antarctic Research stations
Countries with research stations in Antarctica. All-year-round (orange) and summer-only (yellow) stations
Shows the location of Antarctic research stations and their proximity to other continents
Many of the stations are staffed throughout the year. A total of 42 countries (as of October 2006), all signatories to the Antarctic Treaty, operate seasonal (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent. The population of people performing and supporting scientific research on the continent and nearby islands varies from approximately 4,000 during the summer season to 1,000 during winter (June).[1] In addition to these permanent stations, approximately 30 field camps are established each summer to support specific projects.[2][dubious – discuss]
During the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration in the late 19th century, the first bases on the continent were established. In 1898, Carsten Borchgrevink, a Norwegian/British explorer, led the British Antarctic Expedition to Cape Adare, where he established the first Antarctic base on Ridley Beach. This expedition is often referred to now as the Southern Cross Expedition, after the expedition's ship name. Most of the staff were Norwegian, but the funds for the expedition were British, provided by Sir George Newnes. The 10 members of the expedition explored Robertson Bay to the west of Cape Adare by dog teams, and later, after being picked up by the ship at the base, went ashore on the Ross Ice Shelf for brief journeys. The expedition hut is still in good condition and visited frequently by tourists.
The hut was later occupied by Scott's Northern Party under the command of Victor Campbell for a year in 1911, after its attempt to explore the eastern end of the ice shelf discovered Roald Amundsen already ashore preparing for his assault on the South Pole.
In 1903, Dr William S. Bruce's Scottish National Antarctic Expedition set off to Antarctica, with one of its aims to establish a meteorological station in the area. After the expedition failed to find land, Bruce decided to head back to the Laurie Island in the South Orkneys and find an anchorage there.[3] The islands were well-situated as a site for a meteorological station, and their relative proximity to the South American mainland allowed a permanent station to be established.[4] Bruce instituted a comprehensive programme of work, involving meteorological readings, trawling for marine samples, botanical excursions, and the collection of biological and geological specimens.[3]
The major task completed during this time was the construction of a stone building, christened "Omond House".[5] This was to act as living accommodation for the parties that would remain on Laurie Island to operate the proposed meteorological laboratory. The building was constructed from local materials using the dry stone method, with a roof improvised from wood and canvas sheeting. The completed house was 20 feet by 20 feet square (6m × 6m), with two windows, fitted as quarters for six people. Rudmose Brown wrote: "Considering that we had no mortar and no masons' tools it is a wonderfully fine house and very lasting. I should think it will be standing a century hence ..."[6]
Bruce later offered to Argentina the transfer of the station and instruments on the condition that the government committed itself to the continuation of the scientific mission.[7] Bruce informed the British officer William Haggard of his intentions in December 1903, and Haggard ratified the terms of Bruce's proposition.[8]
The Scotia sailed back for Laurie Island on 14 January 1904 carrying on board Argentinean officials from the Ministry of Agriculture, National Meteorological Office, Ministry of Livestock and National Postal and Telegraphs Office. In 1906, Argentina communicated to the international community the establishment of a permanent base on the South Orkney Islands.
WWII and postwar expansion
Little happened for the following forty years until the Second World War, when the British launched Operation Tabarin in 1943, to establish a presence on the continent. The chief reason was to establish solid British claims to various uninhabited islands and parts of Antarctica, reinforced by Argentine sympathies toward Germany.
Prior to the start of the war, German aircraft had dropped markers with swastikas across Queen Maud Land in an attempt to create a territorial claim (New Swabia).[9] Led by Lieutenant James Marr, the 14-strong team left the Falkland Islands in two ships, HMS William Scoresby (a minesweeping trawler) and HMS Fitzroy, on Saturday January 29, 1944. Marr had accompanied the British explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton on his final Antarctic expedition in 1921–22.
Bases were established during February near the abandoned Norwegian whaling station on Deception Island, where the Union Flag was hoisted in place of Argentine flags, and at Port Lockroy (on February 11) on the coast of Graham Land. A further base was founded at Hope Bay on February 13, 1945, after a failed attempt to unload stores on February 7, 1944. These bases were the first ever to be constructed on the mainland Antarctica.[10]
The United States starting under the leadership of Admiral Richard E. Byrd constructed a series of five bases near the Bay of Whales named Little America between 1929 and 1958. All of them have now drifted off to sea on icebergs.
The United States maintains the southernmost base, Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, and the largest base and research station in Antarctica, McMurdo Station. The second-southernmost base is the Chinese Kunlun Station at 80°25′02″S during the summer season, and the Russian Vostok Station at 78°27′50″S during the winter season.
^"Dumont d'Urville". Institute Polaire Français. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
^Dubrovin, L.I.; Petrov, V.N. (1971). Scientific Stations in Antarctica 1882-1963 [Nauchnye Stanstii V Antarktike 1882-1963] (PDF). Gidrometeorologicheskoe Izdatel'stvo. New Delhi: Indian National Scientific Documentation Center. pp. 327–329.
^"Fossil Bluff Station KG". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
^"Giacomo Bove Station". Worldwide Antarctic Program. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
^Halley Research Station will not winter in 2018 British Antarctic Survey
^"Halley VI Antarctic Research Station". Archello.com.
^Halley Research Station relocation British Antarctic Survey
^. Archived from the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
^. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2006-03-19.
^Waking the Princess International Polar Foundation
^"Rothera Station R". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
^Joint Standing Committee on the National Capital and External Territories; The Embassy of the Russian Federation. "Submission 21". www.aph.gov.au. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
^. Archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2011-10-04.
^"Signy Station H". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
^"Port Lockroy Diaries". United Kingdom Antarctic Heritage Trust. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
^"Deception Island Station B". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Sandefjord Bay Station C". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Hope Bay Station D". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Stonington Island Station E". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Faraday Station F". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Admiralty Bay Station G". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Prospect Point Station J". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Anvers Island Station N". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Danco Island Station O". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Livingstone Island Station P". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Adelaide Station T". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"View Point Station V". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Detaille Island Station W". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^"Horseshoe Island Station Y". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
^Varetto, Gianni (August 24, 2017). "Belarusian Antarctic Research Vechernyaya Station (WAP BLR-New)". Worldwide Antarctic Program.
^"Stazione Mario Zucchelli". Italiantartide. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
^"Current Local Time in Mario Zucchelli Station, Antarctica". timeanddate.com. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
^"Bird Island Station BI". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
^"King Edward Pont Station M". British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
External links
COMNAP Antarctic Facilities (Updated February 2014 - Excel File)
COMNAP Antarctic Facilities Map ( September 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine)
Antarctic Exploration Timeline, animated map of Antarctic exploration and settlement, showing where and when Antarctic research stations were established
research, stations, antarctica, analogous, stations, arctic, list, research, stations, arctic, multiple, governments, have, permanent, research, stations, antarctica, these, bases, widely, distributed, unlike, drifting, stations, arctic, research, stations, an. For analogous stations in the Arctic see List of research stations in the Arctic Multiple governments have set up permanent research stations in Antarctica and these bases are widely distributed Unlike the drifting ice stations set up in the Arctic the research stations of the Antarctic are constructed either on rock or on ice that is for practical purposes fixed in place Location of permanent Antarctic Research stations Countries with research stations in Antarctica All year round orange and summer only yellow stations Shows the location of Antarctic research stations and their proximity to other continents Many of the stations are staffed throughout the year A total of 42 countries as of October 2006 all signatories to the Antarctic Treaty operate seasonal summer and year round research stations on the continent The population of people performing and supporting scientific research on the continent and nearby islands varies from approximately 4 000 during the summer season to 1 000 during winter June 1 In addition to these permanent stations approximately 30 field camps are established each summer to support specific projects 2 dubious discuss Contents 1 History 1 1 First bases 1 2 WWII and postwar expansion 2 List of research stations 3 List of Subantarctic research stations 4 Map 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditFirst bases Edit Omond House the first permanent base built in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition During the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration in the late 19th century the first bases on the continent were established In 1898 Carsten Borchgrevink a Norwegian British explorer led the British Antarctic Expedition to Cape Adare where he established the first Antarctic base on Ridley Beach This expedition is often referred to now as the Southern Cross Expedition after the expedition s ship name Most of the staff were Norwegian but the funds for the expedition were British provided by Sir George Newnes The 10 members of the expedition explored Robertson Bay to the west of Cape Adare by dog teams and later after being picked up by the ship at the base went ashore on the Ross Ice Shelf for brief journeys The expedition hut is still in good condition and visited frequently by tourists The hut was later occupied by Scott s Northern Party under the command of Victor Campbell for a year in 1911 after its attempt to explore the eastern end of the ice shelf discovered Roald Amundsen already ashore preparing for his assault on the South Pole In 1903 Dr William S Bruce s Scottish National Antarctic Expedition set off to Antarctica with one of its aims to establish a meteorological station in the area After the expedition failed to find land Bruce decided to head back to the Laurie Island in the South Orkneys and find an anchorage there 3 The islands were well situated as a site for a meteorological station and their relative proximity to the South American mainland allowed a permanent station to be established 4 Bruce instituted a comprehensive programme of work involving meteorological readings trawling for marine samples botanical excursions and the collection of biological and geological specimens 3 The major task completed during this time was the construction of a stone building christened Omond House 5 This was to act as living accommodation for the parties that would remain on Laurie Island to operate the proposed meteorological laboratory The building was constructed from local materials using the dry stone method with a roof improvised from wood and canvas sheeting The completed house was 20 feet by 20 feet square 6m 6m with two windows fitted as quarters for six people Rudmose Brown wrote Considering that we had no mortar and no masons tools it is a wonderfully fine house and very lasting I should think it will be standing a century hence 6 Bruce later offered to Argentina the transfer of the station and instruments on the condition that the government committed itself to the continuation of the scientific mission 7 Bruce informed the British officer William Haggard of his intentions in December 1903 and Haggard ratified the terms of Bruce s proposition 8 The Scotia sailed back for Laurie Island on 14 January 1904 carrying on board Argentinean officials from the Ministry of Agriculture National Meteorological Office Ministry of Livestock and National Postal and Telegraphs Office In 1906 Argentina communicated to the international community the establishment of a permanent base on the South Orkney Islands WWII and postwar expansion Edit Little happened for the following forty years until the Second World War when the British launched Operation Tabarin in 1943 to establish a presence on the continent The chief reason was to establish solid British claims to various uninhabited islands and parts of Antarctica reinforced by Argentine sympathies toward Germany View of Chile s Captain Arturo Prat Base established in 1947 Prior to the start of the war German aircraft had dropped markers with swastikas across Queen Maud Land in an attempt to create a territorial claim New Swabia 9 Led by Lieutenant James Marr the 14 strong team left the Falkland Islands in two ships HMS William Scoresby a minesweeping trawler and HMS Fitzroy on Saturday January 29 1944 Marr had accompanied the British explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton on his final Antarctic expedition in 1921 22 Bases were established during February near the abandoned Norwegian whaling station on Deception Island where the Union Flag was hoisted in place of Argentine flags and at Port Lockroy on February 11 on the coast of Graham Land A further base was founded at Hope Bay on February 13 1945 after a failed attempt to unload stores on February 7 1944 These bases were the first ever to be constructed on the mainland Antarctica 10 The United States starting under the leadership of Admiral Richard E Byrd constructed a series of five bases near the Bay of Whales named Little America between 1929 and 1958 All of them have now drifted off to sea on icebergs A massive expansion in international activity followed the war Chile organized its First Chilean Antarctic Expedition in 1947 48 Among other accomplishments it brought the Chilean president Gabriel Gonzalez Videla to personally inaugurate one of its bases thereby becoming the first head of state to set foot on the continent 11 Signy Research Station UK was established in 1947 Australia s Mawson Station in 1954 Dumont d Urville Station was the first French station in 1956 In that same year the United States built McMurdo Station and Amundsen Scott South Pole Station and the Soviet Union built Mirny Station List of research stations EditThe United States maintains the southernmost base Amundsen Scott South Pole Station and the largest base and research station in Antarctica McMurdo Station The second southernmost base is the Chinese Kunlun Station at 80 25 02 S during the summer season and the Russian Vostok Station at 78 27 50 S during the winter season Stationname LOCODE Type Country YearEst Administered by Location Status amp Activities Coordinates Time zone Average Annual Temp C Summer population Winter populationAboa AQ ABA Summer Finland 1988 Finnish Antarctic Research Program Queen Maud Land Active 73 02 32 S 13 24 26 W 73 042283 S 13 407350 W 73 042283 13 407350 12 0Aguirre Cerda AQ Summer Chile 1955 Instituto Antartico Chileno Deception Island Closed1967 62 56 01 S 60 35 45 W 62 933704 S 60 5958931 W 62 933704 60 5958931 Amundsen Scott South Pole AQ AMS Permanent United States 1957 United States Antarctic Program Geographical South Pole Active 90 S 0 E 90 S 0 E 90 0 Amundsen Scott South Pole Station USA UTC 12 49 5 150 45Arctowski AQ ARC Permanent Poland 1977 Polish Academy of Sciences King George Island Active 62 09 37 S 58 28 24 W 62 160140 S 58 473247 W 62 160140 58 473247 45 12Arrival Heights Laboratory 12 AQ Permanent New Zealand 1959 Antarctica New Zealand Ross Island Active 77 49 50 S 166 39 40 E 77 830577 S 166 661174 E 77 830577 166 661174Arrival Heights Satellite Station 12 AQ Permanent New Zealand 1959 Antarctica New Zealand Ross Island Active 77 49 48 S 166 39 42 E 77 830016 S 166 661659 E 77 830016 166 661659Artigas AQ ART Permanent Uruguay 1984 Uruguayan Antarctic Institute King George Island Active 62 11 04 S 58 54 14 W 62 184444 S 58 903889 W 62 184444 58 903889 UTC 3 60 9Arturo Parodi AQ Summer Chile 1999 Instituto Antartico Chileno Ellsworth Land ClosedRelocated toUnion Glacier2014 80 18 15 S 81 23 13 W 80 304170 S 81 3870573 W 80 304170 81 3870573 25 0Arturo Prat AQ APT Permanent Chile 1947 Chilean Navy Greenwich Island Active 62 28 44 S 59 39 52 W 62 478889 S 59 664444 W 62 478889 59 664444 UTC 3 2 8 0Asuka AQ Summer Japan 1985 National Institute of Polar Research Queen Maud Land ClosedUnmanned activity 71 31 33 S 24 06 41 E 71 525950 S 24 111409 E 71 525950 24 111409 Beaver Lake 13 AQ Summer Australia 1995 Australian Antarctic Division Beaver Lake Active 70 47 42 S 68 10 08 E 70 795115 S 68 168909 E 70 795115 68 168909Belgrano I AQ Permanent Argentina 1955 Instituto Antartico Argentino Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf Abandoned1980 77 46 S 38 11 W 77 767 S 38 183 W 77 767 38 183 UTC 3 Belgrano II AQ BEL Permanent Argentina 1979 Instituto Antartico Argentino Coats Land Active 77 52 25 S 34 37 39 W 77 873696 S 34 627588 W 77 873696 34 627588 UTC 3 13 3 12 12Belgrano III AQ Permanent Argentina 1980 Instituto Antartico Argentino Berkner Island Abandoned1984 77 54 02 S 45 47 01 W 77 900556 S 45 783611 W 77 900556 45 783611 UTC 3 Bellingshausen AQ BHN Permanent Russia 1968 Russian Antarctic Expedition King George Island Active 62 11 55 S 58 57 38 W 62 198591 S 58 960547 W 62 198591 58 960547 2 3 38 25Bharati AQ Permanent India 2012 National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research Larsemann Hills Active 69 24 29 S 76 11 14 E 69 408030 S 76 187361 E 69 408030 76 187361 72 47Borga AQ Summer South Africa 1969 South African National Antarctic Programme Borg Massif Closed1976 72 58 00 S 3 48 00 W 72 966667 S 3 8 W 72 966667 3 8 Brockton AQ Summer United States 1965 United States Navy Ross Ice Shelf Abandoned1972 80 02 00 S 178 42 00 W 80 033333 S 178 7 W 80 033333 178 7 Brown AQ Summer Argentina 1951 Instituto Antartico Argentino Paradise Harbor Active 64 53 44 S 62 52 15 W 64 895476 S 62 870905 W 64 895476 62 870905 UTC 3 2 18 0Byrd AQ PermanentSummer since 1972 United States 1957 United States Antarctic Program Marie Byrd Land Closed2005 80 00 53 S 119 33 56 W 80 01472 S 119 56556 W 80 01472 119 56556 28 1 Camara AQ Summer Argentina 1953 Instituto Antartico Argentino Half Moon Island Active 62 35 41 S 59 55 07 W 62 594847 S 59 918558 W 62 594847 59 918558 UTC 3 36 0Carvajal ex Station T AQ Summer Chile 1984 Instituto Antartico Chileno Adelaide Island Active 67 45 40 S 68 54 52 W 67 761201 S 68 914365 W 67 761201 68 914365 30 0Casey AQ CAS Permanent Australia 1957 Australian Antarctic Division Vincennes Bay Active 66 16 57 S 110 31 36 E 66 282514 S 110 526613 E 66 282514 110 526613 UTC 8 8 160 20Charcot 14 AQ Permanent France 1957 French Polar Institute Adelie Land Closed 1959Abandoned 69 22 30 S 139 01 00 E 69 375 S 139 016667 E 69 375 139 016667 Collins AQ Summer Chile 2006 Instituto Antartico Chileno Fildes Peninsula Active 62 10 09 S 58 51 07 W 62 169250 S 58 851852 W 62 169250 58 851852 6 0Comandante Ferraz AQ CFZ Permanent Brazil 1984 Brazilian Antarctic Program King George Island Active 62 05 07 S 58 23 29 W 62 085379 S 58 391513 W 62 085379 58 391513 UTC 3 1 8 100 12Concordia AQ CON Permanent Italy France 2005 National Antarctic Research ProgramandIPEV Dome CAntarctic Plateau Active 75 05 59 S 123 19 56 E 75 099780 S 123 332196 E 75 099780 123 332196 UTC 10 51 7 50 13Dakshin Gangotri AQ Permanent India 1984 National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research Dakshin Gangotri Glacier Closed1990Support base 69 24 24 S 76 11 36 E 69 406752 S 76 193379 E 69 406752 76 193379 Dallmann AQ Summer Germany 1994 Alfred Wegener Institute Carlini Station Active 62 14 18 S 58 40 04 W 62 238251 S 58 667764 W 62 238251 58 667764Davis AQ DAV Permanent Australia 1957 Australian Antarctic Division Princess Elizabeth Land Active 68 34 36 S 77 58 03 E 68 576667 S 77 9675 E 68 576667 77 9675 UTC 7 13 0 120 18Deception AQ Summer Argentina 1948 Instituto Antartico Argentino Deception Island Active 62 58 31 S 60 41 52 W 62 975284 S 60 697771 W 62 975284 60 697771 UTC 3 65 0Dirck Gerritsz Laboratory AQ Summer Netherlands 2013 British Antarctic Survey and Netherlands Polar Programme Rothera Station Active 67 34 08 S 68 07 29 W 67 568979 S 68 124626 W 67 568979 68 124626 5 3 100 22Dobrowolski ex Oasis AQ Summer Poland 1959 Polish Academy of Sciences Wilkes Land Closed1998 66 16 28 S 100 45 00 E 66 274514 S 100 749889 E 66 274514 100 749889Dome Fuji AQ DMF Summer Japan 1995 National Institute of Polar Research Queen Maud Land Closed 77 18 59 S 39 42 04 E 77 316285 S 39 701049 E 77 316285 39 701049 54 3 15 0Drescher AQ Summer Germany 1986 Alfred Wegener Institute Queen Maud Land Last used2016 72 50 00 S 19 02 00 W 72 833333 S 19 033333 W 72 833333 19 033333 Druzhba AQ Summer Soviet Union 1960 Soviet Antarctic Expedition Zavadovskiy Island Closed1960 66 43 00 S 86 24 00 E 66 716667 S 86 4 E 66 716667 86 4 Druzhnaya I AQ Summer Soviet Union 1975 Soviet Antarctic Expedition Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf Closed1986Lost 77 34 00 S 40 13 00 W 77 566667 S 40 216667 W 77 566667 40 216667 Druzhnaya II AQ Summer Soviet Union 1982 Soviet Antarctic Expedition Lassiter Coast Closed1986 75 36 00 S 57 52 00 W 75 6 S 57 866667 W 75 6 57 866667 Druzhnaya III AQ Summer Soviet Union 1982 Soviet Antarctic Expedition Queen Maud Land Closed1991 71 06 00 S 10 49 00 W 71 1 S 10 816667 W 71 1 10 816667 Druzhnaya IV ru AQ DRZ Summer Russia Soviet Union 1987 Soviet Antarctic ExpeditionRussian Antarctic Expedition Princess Elizabeth Land Closed2013 69 44 00 S 73 42 00 E 69 7333333 S 73 7 E 69 7333333 73 7 Dumont d Urville AQ DDU Permanent France 1956 IPEV Adelie Land Active 66 39 46 S 140 00 07 E 66 662778 S 140 001944 E 66 662778 140 001944 UTC 10 11 1 100 26E Base AQ Summer South Africa 1985 Fimbul Ice Shelf Active 70 18 00 S 2 26 00 W 70 3 S 2 433333 W 70 3 2 433333East Base AQ Permanent United States 1941 United States Antarctic Service Expedition Stonington Island Closed1948 68 11 02 S 66 59 53 W 68 183841 S 66 998158 W 68 183841 66 998158 Eco Nelson AQ Permanent Czechoslovakia Czech Republic 1989 Private station Nelson Island Active 62 14 47 S 58 58 56 W 62 246312 S 58 982251 W 62 246312 58 982251Eduardo FreiandVilla Las Estrellas AQ Permanent Chile 1969 Chilean Air Force King George Island Active 62 11 35 S 58 58 55 W 62 193126 S 58 981986 W 62 193126 58 981986 UTC 3 2 3 150 80Eights AQ Permanent United States 1963 National Science Foundation Ellsworth Land 15 Closed1965 75 14 00 S 77 10 00 W 75 233333 S 77 166667 W 75 233333 77 166667 Coordinates 75 14 00 S 77 10 00 W 75 233333 S 77 166667 W 75 233333 77 166667 Ellsworth AQ Permanent United States Argentina 1957 United States NavyInstituto Antartico Argentino Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf Transferred to Argentina in 1959Closed 1962 77 39 00 S 41 02 00 W 77 65 S 41 033333 W 77 65 41 033333 22 Elichiribehety ex Station D AQ Summer Uruguay 1997 Uruguayan Antarctic Institute Hope Bay Active 63 24 09 S 56 59 27 W 63 402478 S 56 990707 W 63 402478 56 990707 7 0Escudero AQ ESC Permanent Chile 1994 Instituto Antartico Chileno King George Island Active 62 12 05 S 58 57 44 W 62 201382 S 58 962358 W 62 201382 58 962358 UTC 3 50 2Esperanza AQ ESP Permanent Argentina 1953 Instituto Antartico Argentino Hope Bay Active 63 23 51 S 56 59 52 W 63 3975 S 56 997778 W 63 3975 56 997778 UTC 3 4 6 90 55Filchner AQ Summer Germany 1982 Alfred Wegener Institute Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf Abandoned and lost 1999 77 06 00 S 50 24 00 W 77 10000 S 50 4000 W 77 10000 50 4000 Fossil Bluff ex Station KG 16 AQ Permanent intermittentlySummer United Kingdom 1961 British Antarctic Survey Alexander Island Active 71 19 24 S 68 17 16 W 71 323389 S 68 287722 W 71 323389 68 287722 6 0Gabriel de Castilla AQ GDC Summer Spain 1989 Spanish National Research Council Deception Island ActiveMarine biology 17 62 58 37 S 60 40 31 W 62 976951 S 60 675305 W 62 976951 60 675305 36 0General Bernardo O Higgins AQ OHG Permanent Chile 1948 Chilean Army Cape Legoupil ActiveLogistics 63 19 15 S 57 53 59 W 63 320947 S 57 899677 W 63 320947 57 899677 UTC 3 3 9 44 16Georg Forster AQ Permanent East Germany Germany 19761990 Alfred Wegener Institute Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf Closed1993 70 46 39 S 11 50 56 E 70 777493 S 11 848847 E 70 777493 11 848847 German Antarctic Receiving Station AQ Permanent Germany 1991 German Aerospace Center Cape Legoupil Active 63 19 15 S 57 54 02 W 63 320873 S 57 900615 W 63 320873 57 900615Giacomo Bove 18 AQ BGB Summer Italy 1976 Private station Italia Valley Taken apart by the Argentine Navy 1976 62 10 05 S 58 30 18 W 62 168055 S 58 505071 W 62 168055 58 505071 Gondwana AQ Summer Germany 1983 Alfred Wegener Institute Transantarctic Mountains Active 74 38 07 S 164 13 19 E 74 635399 S 164 222014 E 74 635399 164 222014Gonzalez Videla AQ Summer Chile 1951 Chilean Air Force Waterboat PointGraham Land Active 64 49 26 S 62 51 25 W 64 823954 S 62 857077 W 64 823954 62 857077 16 0Great Wall AQ GWL Permanent China 1985 Polar Research Institute of China King George Island Active 62 13 01 S 58 57 43 W 62 216838 S 58 961855 W 62 216838 58 961855 40 14Guillermo Mann AQ Summer Chile 1991 Instituto Antartico Chileno Cape Shirreff Active 62 28 12 S 60 46 17 W 62 469917 S 60 771250 W 62 469917 60 771250 6 0Hallett AQ PermanentSummer since 1964 United States New Zealand 1956 International Geophysical Year Hallett Peninsula Closed 1973 72 19 00 S 170 16 00 E 72 316667 S 170 266667 E 72 316667 170 266667 Halley AQ HLY PermanentTemporary Summer 19 United Kingdom 1956 British Antarctic Survey 20 Brunt Ice Shelf Active 75 36 45 S 26 11 52 W 75 612543 S 26 197797 W 75 612543 26 197797 relocated 23 kilometres 14 mi inland 21 18 5 70 30Jang Bogo AQ JBS Permanent South Korea 2014 Korea Polar Research Institute Terra Nova Bay Active 74 37 26 S 164 13 44 E 74 624015 S 164 228815 E 74 624015 164 228815 UTC 11 60 15Jinnah AQ Summer Pakistan 1991 Pakistan Antarctic Programme Sor Rondane Mountains Queen Maud Land Active 70 24 00 S 25 45 00 E 70 3999984 S 25 749997 E 70 3999984 25 749997Juan Carlos Primero AQ JCP Summer Spain 1988 Spanish National Research Council South Bay Livingston Island Active 62 39 47 S 60 23 17 W 62 663138 S 60 387992 W 62 663138 60 387992 UTC 3 50 0Jubany renamed Carlini AQ JUB Permanent Argentina 1953 Instituto Antartico Argentino King George Island Active 62 14 18 S 58 40 04 W 62 238251 S 58 667764 W 62 238251 58 667764 UTC 3 100 20Julio Ripamonti AQ Summer Chile 1982 Instituto Antartico Chileno Ardley Island Active 62 12 36 S 58 56 08 W 62 210106 S 58 935508 W 62 210106 58 935508 UTC 3 4 0King Baudouin first station AQ Permanent Belgium 1957 National Center for Polar Research Princess Ragnhild Coast Closed 1961Abandoned 70 25 33 S 24 19 00 E 70 425833 S 24 316667 E 70 425833 24 316667 King Baudouin second station AQ Permanent Belgium Netherlands 1964 National Center for Polar Research Princess Ragnhild Coast Closed 1967Abandoned 70 25 33 S 24 19 00 E 70 425833 S 24 316667 E 70 425833 24 316667 King Sejong AQ KSG Permanent South Korea 1988 Korea Polar Research Institute King George Island Active 62 13 22 S 58 47 18 W 62 222803 S 58 788256 W 62 222803 58 788256 UTC 3 90 17Kohnen AQ KHN Summer Germany 2001 Alfred Wegener Institute Queen Maud Land Active 75 00 07 S 0 04 00 E 75 001882 S 0 066792 E 75 001882 0 066792 20 0Komsomolskaya AQ Permanent Soviet Union 1957 Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Queen Mary Land Closed1962 74 06 S 94 30 E 74 1 S 94 5 E 74 1 94 5 52 Kunlun AQ Summer China 2009 Polar Research Institute of China Dome A Active 80 25 02 S 77 06 59 E 80 417340 S 77 116449 E 80 417340 77 116449 28 0Law Racoviță Negoiță AQ LAW Summer Romania 1986 Romanian Polar Research Institute Larsemann HillsPrincess Elizabeth Land Active 69 22 25 S 76 22 18 E 69 373573 S 76 371594 E 69 373573 76 371594 13 0Lazarev AQ Permanent Soviet Union 1959 Russian Antarctic Expedition Lazarev Ice Shelf Closed 1961Abandoned 69 58 00 S 12 55 00 E 69 966667 S 12 916667 E 69 966667 12 916667 Lenie AQ Summer United States 1985 United States Antarctic Program Admiralty Bay Active 62 10 42 S 58 26 46 W 62 178439 S 58 446158 W 62 178439 58 446158 2 0Leningradskaya AQ Summer Russia 1971 Russian Antarctic Expedition Oates CoastVictoria Land Closed 1991 69 30 05 S 159 23 31 E 69 501333 S 159 391840 E 69 501333 159 391840 13 10 0Little America AQ Permanent United States 1929 United States Navy Ross Ice Shelf Lost1987 78 12 S 162 12 W 78 2 S 162 2 W 78 2 162 2 22 Little Rockford AQ Summer United States 1958 United States Navy Marie Byrd Land Closed 1965Abandoned 79 30 00 S 147 19 00 W 79 5 S 147 316667 W 79 5 147 316667 Machu Picchu AQ Summer Peru 1989 Instituto Antartico Peruano 22 Admiralty BayKing George Island Active 62 05 29 S 58 28 12 W 62 091497 S 58 469905 W 62 091497 58 469905 28 0Maitri AQ MTR Permanent India 1989 National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research Schirmacher Oasis Active 70 46 00 S 11 43 53 E 70 766632 S 11 731516 E 70 766632 11 731516 65 25Maldonado AQ Summer Ecuador 1990 Instituto Antartico Ecuatoriano Greenwich Island Active 62 26 57 S 59 44 29 W 62 449056 S 59 741389 W 62 449056 59 741389 22 0Marambio AQ MRB Permanent Argentina 1969 Instituto Antartico Argentino Marambio Island Active 64 14 28 S 56 37 36 W 64 241014 S 56 626753 W 64 241014 56 626753 UTC 3 8 1 200 55Matienzo AQ Summer Argentina 1961 Instituto Antartico Argentino Graham Land Active 64 58 32 S 60 04 17 W 64 975659 S 60 071501 W 64 975659 60 071501 UTC 3 11 6 15 0Maudheim AQ Permanent Norway Sweden United Kingdom 1949 Norwegian British Swedish Antarctic Expedition Queen Maud Land Closed1952 71 03 00 S 10 56 00 W 71 05 S 10 933333 W 71 05 10 933333 Mawson AQ MAW Permanent Australia 1954 Australian Antarctic Division Mac Robertson Land Active 67 36 12 S 62 52 27 E 67 603232 S 62 874170 E 67 603232 62 874170 UTC 6 8 3 120 18McMurdo AQ MCM Permanent United States 1956 United States Antarctic Program Ross Island Active 77 50 47 S 166 40 06 E 77 846323 S 166 668235 E 77 846323 166 668235 UTC 12 19 7 1258 250Melchior AQ Summer Argentina 1947 Instituto Antartico Argentino Melchior Islands Active 64 19 32 S 62 58 34 W 64 325688 S 62 976063 W 64 325688 62 976063 UTC 3 3 6 36 0Mendel AQ Summer Czech Republic 2006 Masaryk University James Ross Island Active 63 48 02 S 57 52 56 W 63 800623 S 57 882178 W 63 800623 57 882178 20 0Mir AQ Summer Soviet Union 1958Meteo Russian Antarctic Expedition Drygalski Island Closed1960 65 45 S 92 30 E 65 75 S 92 5 E 65 75 92 5 Mirny AQ MIR Permanent Russia 1956 Russian Antarctic Expedition Davis Sea Active 66 33 11 S 93 00 35 E 66 553122 S 93 009724 E 66 553122 93 009724 11 3 200 50Mizuho AQ Summer Japan 1970 National Institute of Polar Research Mizuho Plateau Activeoccasionallytranshipment station 70 41 57 S 44 16 45 E 70 699174 S 44 279057 E 70 699174 44 279057 31 Molodezhnaya six seasonal field basesMolodyozhnaya AQ Summer Russia 1962reopenedin 2007 Russian Antarctic Expedition Thala HillsEast Antarctica Closed 1990ActiveMeteorology 23 67 39 55 S 45 50 18 E 67 665348 S 45 838400 E 67 665348 45 838400 11 0 Neumayer I AQ NEU Permanent Germany 1981 Alfred Wegener Institute Princess Martha Coast Closed1993 70 39 05 S 8 15 47 W 70 651509 S 8 263172 W 70 651509 8 263172 Neumayer II AQ NEU Permanent Germany 1992 Alfred Wegener Institute Queen Maud Land Closed2009 70 38 16 S 8 15 42 W 70 637847 S 8 261744 W 70 637847 8 261744 Neumayer III AQ NEU Permanent Germany 2009 Alfred Wegener Institute Atka Bay Active 70 40 38 S 8 16 18 W 70 677250 S 8 271600 W 70 677250 8 271600 UTC 50 9Norway AQ Permanent Norway 1957 Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition Fimbul Ice Shelf Closed 1960Transferred toSouth Africa 70 30 S 2 30 W 70 5 S 2 5 W 70 5 2 5 Novolazarevskaya AQ NOV Permanent Russia 1961 Russian Antarctic Expedition Queen Maud Land Active 70 46 36 S 11 49 20 E 70 776762 S 11 822356 E 70 776762 11 822356 10 3 70 30Oasis renamedDobrowolski AQ Summer Soviet Union Poland 19561959 Russian Antarctic Expedition Bunger Hills Active 66 16 00 S 100 44 00 E 66 266667 S 100 733333 E 66 266667 100 733333Oazis 2 AQ Summer Soviet Union 1987 Russian Antarctic Expedition Bunger Hills Closed1995 66 16 28 S 100 45 00 E 66 274514 S 100 749889 E 66 274514 100 749889 Orcadas AQ ORC Permanent Argentina 1904 Instituto Antartico ArgentinoArgentine Navy Laurie IslandSouth Orkney Islands Active 60 44 17 S 44 44 17 W 60 738085 S 44 738130 W 60 738085 44 738130 UTC 3 3 0 45 11Palmer AQ PLM Permanent United States 1968 United States Antarctic Program Anvers Island Active 64 46 27 S 64 03 10 W 64 774230 S 64 052718 W 64 774230 64 052718 UTC 3 2 40 10Petrel AQ Summer Argentina 1952 Instituto Antartico Argentino Dundee Island Active 63 28 41 S 56 13 44 W 63 477947 S 56 228753 W 63 477947 56 228753 UTC 3 6 55 0Pionerskaya AQ Permanent Soviet Union 1956 Russian Antarctic Expedition Queen Mary Land Closed1959 69 44 00 S 95 31 00 E 69 733333 S 95 516667 E 69 733333 95 516667 38 Plateau AQ Permanent United States 1965 United States NavyNational Science Foundation Queen Maud Land Closed1969 79 15 03 S 40 33 38 E 79 25082 S 40 56042 E 79 25082 40 56042 56 7 Pobeda AQ Summer Soviet Union 1960 Russian Antarctic Expedition Queen Mary Land Closed1960 64 39 S 98 54 E 64 65 S 98 9 E 64 65 98 9 Pole of inaccessibility Soviet Union 1958 Kemp Land Closed1958 82 06 00 S 54 58 00 E 82 1 S 54 966667 E 82 1 54 966667 58 2 Port Martin AQ Permanent France 1950 French Antarctic Expedition Cape Margerie Closed1952 66 49 06 S 141 24 02 E 66 818250 S 141 400694 E 66 818250 141 400694 Primavera AQ Summer Argentina 1977 Instituto Antartico Argentino Graham Land Active 64 09 21 S 60 57 19 W 64 155766 S 60 955183 W 64 155766 60 955183 UTC 3 17 0Princess Elisabeth AQ Summer Belgium 2007 International Polar Foundation Energy passive station Queen Maud Land Reopened23 November 2017 24 71 57 00 S 23 20 49 E 71 949944 S 23 347079 E 71 949944 23 347079 40 0Progress AQ PRO Permanent Russia Soviet Union 1988 Russian Antarctic Expedition Prydz Bay Active 69 22 25 S 76 22 18 E 69 373575 S 76 371678 E 69 373575 76 371678 9 4 80 20Risopatron AQ Summer Chile 1954 Instituto Antartico Chileno Robert Island Active 62 22 42 S 59 42 03 W 62 378333 S 59 700833 W 62 378333 59 700833 5 0Rothera ex Station R 25 AQ ROT Permanent United Kingdom 1975 British Antarctic Survey Adelaide Island Active 67 34 06 S 68 07 33 W 67 568417 S 68 125796 W 67 568417 68 125796 100 22Russkaya AQ Summer a 26 Russia Soviet Union 1980reopened in 2007 Russian Antarctic Expedition Marie Byrd Land Closed 1990Active 74 46 00 S 136 48 10 W 74 766755 S 136 802882 W 74 766755 136 802882 UTC 6 27 Salyut AQ Summer Soviet Union 1978 Russian Antarctic Expedition Queen Mary Land Closed1978 65 32 00 S 96 30 00 E 65 533333 S 96 5 E 65 533333 96 5 San Martin AQ SMT Permanent Argentina 1951 Instituto Antartico Argentino Barry Island Active 68 07 48 S 67 06 05 W 68 130043 S 67 101311 W 68 130043 67 101311 UTC 3 4 6 14 14SANAE I AQ SNA Permanent South Africa 1960 South African National Antarctic Programme Fimbul Ice Shelf Closed 1963Abandoned 70 18 00 S 2 22 00 W 70 3 S 2 366667 W 70 3 2 366667 SANAE II AQ SNA Permanent South Africa 1971 South African National Antarctic Programme Fimbul Ice Shelf Closed 1979Abandoned 70 18 00 S 2 22 00 W 70 3 S 2 366667 W 70 3 2 366667 SANAE III AQ SNA Permanent South Africa 1979 South African National Antarctic Programme Fimbul Ice Shelf Closed 1997Abandoned 70 18 00 S 2 22 00 W 70 3 S 2 366667 W 70 3 2 366667 SANAE IV AQ SNA Permanent South Africa 1997 South African National Antarctic Programme VesleskarvetQueen Maud Land Active 71 40 22 S 2 50 26 W 71 672650 S 2 840575 W 71 672650 2 840575 UTC 2 60 10Sarie Marais AQ Summer South Africa 1982 South African National Antarctic Programme Ahlmann Ridge Closed 1999Dismantled 2001GeologyBiology 72 01 35 S 2 48 18 W 72 026389 S 2 805 W 72 026389 2 805 Scott Base AQ SBA Permanent New Zealand 1957 Antarctica New Zealand Ross Island Active 77 50 57 S 166 46 06 E 77 849132 S 166 768196 E 77 849132 166 768196 UTC 12 19 6 85 12Shirreff AQ Summer United States 1996 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cape Shirreff Active 62 28 13 S 60 46 16 W 62 470271 S 60 770998 W 62 470271 60 770998 6 0Signy ex Station H 28 AQ SGN Permanent 1947 1995Summersince 1996 United Kingdom 1947 British Antarctic Survey Signy IslandSouth Orkney Islands Active 60 42 29 S 45 35 42 W 60 708137 S 45 594888 W 60 708137 45 594888 3 10 0Site 2 AQ Summer United States 1957 Law Dome Closed 1966AbandonedGlaciology 66 30 07 S 113 12 09 E 66 501944 S 113 2025 E 66 501944 113 2025 Syowa AQ SYW Permanent Japan 1957 National Institute of Polar Research East Ongul Island Active 69 00 25 S 39 35 01 E 69 00695736 S 39 58374400 E 69 00695736 39 58374400 UTC 3 10 5 110 22Siple AQ Summer United States 1973 Stanford University s STAR Lab Ellsworth Land Closed1988 75 55 00 S 83 55 00 W 75 916667 S 83 916667 W 75 916667 83 916667 Sobral AQ Permanent Argentina 1965 Instituto Antartico Argentino Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf Closed1968 81 04 45 S 40 31 12 W 81 07917 S 40 52000 W 81 07917 40 52000 Sodruzhestvo AQ Summer Soviet Union 1971 Russian Antarctic Expedition Amery Ice Shelf Closed1974 69 43 00 S 73 44 00 E 69 716667 S 73 733333 E 69 716667 73 733333 South Ice AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1957 Commonwealth Trans Antarctic Expedition Edith Ronne Land Closed 1958Abandoned 82 05 00 S 30 00 00 W 82 083333 S 30 0 W 82 083333 30 0 Sovetskaya AQ Permanent Soviet Union 1958 Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Kaiser Wilhelm II Land Closed1959Abandoned 77 58 00 S 89 16 00 E 77 966667 S 89 266667 E 77 966667 89 266667 Soyuz AQ Permanent Soviet Union 1982 Russian Antarctic Expedition Prince Charles Mountains Closed1989 70 34 36 S 68 47 30 E 70 576667 S 68 791667 E 70 576667 68 791667 UTC 5 St Kliment Ohridski AQ Summer Bulgaria 1988 Bulgarian Antarctic Institute Emona AnchorageLivingston Island Active 62 38 29 S 60 21 53 W 62 641389 S 60 364722 W 62 641389 60 364722 UTC 3 25 0Station A 29 AQ Summer United Kingdom 1944 United Kingdom Antarctic Heritage Trust Goudier Island Active 64 49 31 S 63 29 37 W 64 825276 S 63 493688 W 64 825276 63 493688Station B 30 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1944 Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition Deception Island Closed1969 62 58 38 S 60 33 50 W 62 977231 S 60 563809 W 62 977231 60 563809 Station C 31 AQ Summer United Kingdom 1946 British Antarctic Survey Cape Geddes Closed 1947Abandoned 60 41 16 S 44 34 24 W 60 687642 S 44 573196 W 60 687642 44 573196 Station D 32 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1945 British Antarctic Survey Hope Bay Closed1964 63 24 09 S 56 59 27 W 63 402478 S 56 990707 W 63 402478 56 990707 Station E 33 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1946 British Antarctic Survey Stonington Island Closed1975 68 11 08 S 66 59 41 W 68 185678 S 66 994815 W 68 185678 66 994815 Station F renamed Faraday 34 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1947 British Antarctic Survey Galindez Island Closed1996 65 14 45 S 64 15 28 W 65 245791 S 64 257786 W 65 245791 64 257786 3 3 Station G 35 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1947 British Antarctic Survey Admiralty Bay Closed1961 62 05 14 S 58 23 39 W 62 087217 S 58 394049 W 62 087217 58 394049 Station J 36 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1957 British Antarctic Survey Prospect Point Closed 1959Removed 2004 65 59 55 S 65 19 06 W 65 998516 S 65 318273 W 65 998516 65 318273 Station N 37 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1955 British Antarctic Survey Anvers Island Closed 1958Demolished1991 64 45 36 S 64 04 48 W 64 760032 S 64 079991 W 64 760032 64 079991 Station O 38 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1956 British Antarctic Survey Danco Island Closed 1959Demolished2004 64 44 00 S 62 36 00 W 64 733333 S 62 600000 W 64 733333 62 600000 Station P 39 AQ Summer United Kingdom 1957 British Antarctic Survey Mateev Cove Closed1958 62 38 58 S 60 35 25 W 62 649306 S 60 590278 W 62 649306 60 590278 Station T 40 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1961 British Antarctic Survey Adelaide Island Closed1977 67 45 40 S 68 54 52 W 67 761201 S 68 914365 W 67 761201 68 914365 Station V 41 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1953 British Antarctic Survey View Point Closed1963 63 33 16 S 57 22 42 W 63 554392 S 57 378279 W 63 554392 57 378279 Station W 42 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1956 British Antarctic Survey Detaille Island Closed1959 66 52 01 S 66 47 53 W 66 867006 S 66 797971 W 66 867006 66 797971 Station Y 43 AQ Permanent United Kingdom 1955reopened 1969 British Antarctic Survey Horseshoe Island Closed19601969 67 48 30 S 67 17 39 W 67 808285 S 67 294266 W 67 808285 67 294266 Svea AQ Summer Sweden 1988 Swedish Polar Research Secretariat Queen Maud Land Active 74 35 00 S 11 13 00 W 74 583333 S 11 216667 W 74 583333 11 216667 5 0Taishan 44 AQ Summer China 2014 Polar Research Institute of China Princess Elizabeth Land Active 73 51 50 S 76 58 29 E 73 863883 S 76 974717 E 73 863883 76 974717 20 0Tor AQ TOR Summer Norway 1993 Norwegian Polar Institute Queen Maud Land Active 71 53 22 S 5 09 34 E 71 889477 S 5 159545 E 71 889477 5 159545 7 0Troll AQ TRL Permanent Norway 1990 Norwegian Polar Institute Queen Maud Land Active 72 00 42 S 2 32 06 E 72 011662 S 2 535138 E 72 011662 2 535138 40 8Union Glacier AQ Summer Chile 2014 Chilean ArmyChilean Navy Chilean Air Force Instituto Antartico Chileno Union Glacier Active 79 46 10 S 82 54 26 W 79 76944 S 82 90722 W 79 76944 82 90722 Joint Scientific Polar Station Union Glacier Chile Vanda AQ Permanent until 1974Summer since 1976 New Zealand 1969 Antarctica New Zealand Victoria Land Active 77 31 00 S 161 40 00 E 77 516667 S 161 666667 E 77 516667 161 666667 19 7 Vechernyaya 45 AQ Summer Belarus 2007 National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Mount Vechernyaya Thala Hills Active 67 39 33 S 46 09 29 E 67 659123 S 46 158125 E 67 659123 46 158125Vernadsky ex Station F AQ VKY Permanent Ukraine United Kingdom 1994 National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine Galindez Island Active 65 14 45 S 64 15 28 W 65 245791 S 64 257786 W 65 245791 64 257786 UTC 3 3 3 24 12Vostok AQ VOS Permanent Russia Soviet Union 1957 Russian Antarctic Expedition Antarctic Ice Sheet Active 78 27 50 S 106 50 15 E 78 463889 S 106 83757 E 78 463889 106 83757 UTC 6 55 2 25 13Vostok I AQ VOS Permanent Soviet Union 1957 Russian Academy of Sciences East Antarctica Closed 1957Abandoned 72 08 00 S 96 35 00 E 72 133333 S 96 583333 E 72 133333 96 583333 Wasa AQ WSA Summer Sweden 1989 Swedish Polar Research Secretariat Queen Maud Land Active 73 02 24 S 13 23 55 W 73 039901 S 13 398584 W 73 039901 13 398584 20 0Weddell 1 AQ Summer Russia United States 1992 Russian Antarctic ExpeditionNational Science Foundation Weddell Sea Closed1992 71 48 00 S 51 43 00 W 71 8 S 51 716667 W 71 8 51 716667 World Park AQ Permanent international 1987 Greenpeace Cape Evans Dismantled1992 77 38 20 S 166 24 50 E 77 6389 S 166 4139 E 77 6389 166 4139 Yelcho AQ Summer Chile 1962reopened 2015 Instituto Antartico Chileno South BayDoumer Island Active 64 52 33 S 63 35 01 W 64 87591 S 63 583721 W 64 87591 63 583721 15 0Zhongshan AQ ZGN Permanent China 1989 Polar Research Institute of China Larsemann HillsPrydz Bay Active 69 22 25 S 76 22 18 E 69 373587 S 76 371652 E 69 373587 76 371652 60 25Zucchelli AQ MZU Summer 46 Italy 1986 National Antarctic Research ProgramENEACNR Terra Nova Bay Active 74 41 39 S 164 06 50 E 74 694206 S 164 113869 E 74 694206 164 113869 UTC 12 47 90 0 Observes daylight saving time It was planned that in 2020 the seasonal field base Russkaya would be transformed into another year round operating station List of Subantarctic research stations EditStation name LOCODE Type Country YearEst Administeredby Location Status amp Activities Coordinates Time zoneAlfred Faure TF Permanent France 1963 Ile de la Possession ActiveMeteorologySeismologyBiology 46 25 56 S 51 51 30 E 46 432333 S 51 858217 E 46 432333 51 858217Bird ex Station BI 48 GS Permanent United Kingdom 1957 British Antarctic Survey Bird Island ActiveBird and seal research 54 00 30 S 38 03 04 W 54 008329 S 38 051132 W 54 008329 38 051132Campbell NZ Permanent New Zealand 1946 MetService Campbell Island ActiveMeteorology 52 33 04 S 169 09 04 E 52 550973 S 169 150981 E 52 550973 169 150981Gough SH TDC Permanent South Africa 1956 South African Weather Service Gough Island ActiveMeteorology 40 20 58 S 9 52 49 W 40 349307 S 9 880331 W 40 349307 9 880331King Edward Point ex Station M 49 GS Permanent United Kingdom 1950 British Antarctic Survey King Edward Point ActiveSupport sustainable fishing 54 17 00 S 36 29 36 W 54 283335 S 36 493196 W 54 283335 36 493196Macquarie AUS Permanent Australia 1948 Australian Antarctic Division Macquarie Island ActiveMeteorologyBiology 54 18 S 158 34 E 54 30 S 158 57 E 54 30 158 57Marion ZA Permanent South Africa 1948 South African National Antarctic Programme Prince Edward Islands ActiveMeteorologyBiology 46 52 32 S 37 51 31 E 46 875460 S 37 858540 E 46 875460 37 858540Port aux Francais TF PFR Permanent France 1963 Kerguelen Islands ActiveMeteorologyGeophysicsBiology 49 20 55 S 70 13 10 E 49 348667 S 70 219306 E 49 348667 70 219306 Observes daylight saving time Map EditThis map shows permanent research stations only Amundsen Scott South Pole Asuka BharatiZhongshan Casey Concordia DavisDakshin Gangotri Dumont d Urville ArctowskiArtigasBellingshausenFerrazFreiEscuderoGreat WallCarliniKing Sejong Belgrano II Esperanza O HigginsMarambio Halley Jang Bogo MaitriNovolazarevskaya Mawson McMurdoScott Mirny Neumayer III Orcadas Palmer Rothera San Martin SANAE IV Syowa Troll Vernadsky Vostokclass notpageimage Locations of permanent research station in AntarcticaSee also Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scientific stations in Antarctica Antarctic field camps Demographics of Antarctica Territorial claims in Antarctica List of research stations in the Arctic for analogous stations in the Arctic List of Antarctic expeditions Transport in Antarctica Winter over syndrome Human outpostReferences Edit Silja Voneky Sange Addison Agyei May 2011 Oxford Public International Law Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law 4 0 Antarctica Past and Present a b Rudmose Brown R N Pirie J H Mossman R C 2002 The Voyage of the Scotia Edinburgh Mercat Press pp 34 57 ISBN 1 84183 044 5 Rudmose Brown p 57 sfn error no target CITEREFRudmose Brown help Voyage of the Scotia 1902 04 The Antarctic Glasgow Digital Library Retrieved 2008 06 30 Speak Peter 2003 William Speirs Bruce Polar Explorer and Scottish Nationalist Edinburgh NMS Publishing p 85 ISBN 1 901663 71 X Escude Carlos Cisneros Andres Historia General de las Relaciones Exteriores de la Republica Argentina in Spanish Archived from the original on May 4 2012 Retrieved July 6 2012 Moneta Jose Manuel 1954 Cuatro Anos en las Orcadas del Sur 9th ed Ediciones Peuser HMS Carnarvon Castle 1943 Spirit of Scott 2012 Britain s polar interests lie under a cloud The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 2022 01 12 Antarctica and the Arctic the complete encyclopedia Volume 1 by David McGonigal Lynn Woodworth page 98 a b New Zealand Antarctic Treaty Archived from the original on 5 March 2014 Retrieved 25 September 2017 Antarctic Treaty Dumont d Urville Institute Polaire Francais Retrieved 27 September 2017 Dubrovin L I Petrov V N 1971 Scientific Stations in Antarctica 1882 1963 Nauchnye Stanstii V Antarktike 1882 1963 PDF Gidrometeorologicheskoe Izdatel stvo New Delhi Indian National Scientific Documentation Center pp 327 329 Fossil Bluff Station KG British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 12 August 2018 BAE Gabriel de Castilla Archived 2010 03 31 at the Wayback Machine Giacomo Bove Station Worldwide Antarctic Program Retrieved 8 October 2018 Halley Research Station will not winter in 2018 British Antarctic Survey Halley VI Antarctic Research Station Archello com Halley Research Station relocation British Antarctic Survey La Antartida Archived from the original on 2014 05 12 Retrieved 2014 05 11 The National State Teleradiocomany Archived from the original on 2007 09 27 Retrieved 2006 03 19 Waking the Princess International Polar Foundation Rothera Station R British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 12 August 2018 Joint Standing Committee on the National Capital and External Territories The Embassy of the Russian Federation Submission 21 www aph gov au Retrieved 10 June 2022 French Polar Team R1 Russkaya Station Antarctica Archived from the original on 2017 08 28 Retrieved 2011 10 04 Signy Station H British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 12 August 2018 Port Lockroy Diaries United Kingdom Antarctic Heritage Trust Retrieved 20 December 2018 Deception Island Station B British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Sandefjord Bay Station C British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Hope Bay Station D British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Stonington Island Station E British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Faraday Station F British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Admiralty Bay Station G British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Prospect Point Station J British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Anvers Island Station N British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Danco Island Station O British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Livingstone Island Station P British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Adelaide Station T British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 View Point Station V British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Detaille Island Station W British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 Horseshoe Island Station Y British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 28 November 2017 中国正式建成南极泰山科考站 Varetto Gianni August 24 2017 Belarusian Antarctic Research Vechernyaya Station WAP BLR New Worldwide Antarctic Program Stazione Mario Zucchelli Italiantartide Retrieved 18 January 2020 Current Local Time in Mario Zucchelli Station Antarctica timeanddate com Retrieved 20 May 2016 Bird Island Station BI British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 12 August 2018 King Edward Pont Station M British Antarctic Survey Retrieved 12 August 2018 External links EditResearch stations COMNAP Antarctic Facilities Updated February 2014 Excel File COMNAP Antarctic Facilities Map Archived September 15 2009 at the Wayback Machine Antarctic Exploration Timeline animated map of Antarctic exploration and settlement showing where and when Antarctic research stations were established Antarctic Digital Database Map Viewer SCARPortals Earth sciences Geography Lists Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Research stations in Antarctica amp oldid 1131906089, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
