Republican Union (France)
The Republican Union (French: Union républicaine, UR), later known as the Progressive Union (French: Union progressiste, UP), was a French parliamentary group founded in 1871 as a heterogeneous alliance of moderate radicals, former Communards and opponents of the French-Prussian Treaty.
Republican Union Union républicaine | |
|---|---|
| President | Léon Gambetta |
| Founded | 1871 |
| Dissolved | 1885 |
| Preceded by | Moderate Republicans |
| Ideology | Anti-clericalism Liberalism (faction) Radicalism (faction) Republicanism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| Colours | Red |
Chamber(s): Chamber of Deputies and Senate Legislature(s): 1st–4th of the Third Republic Constituency: Member of Parliament for Seine | |
History edit
Formed in the early years of the French Third Republic, the Republican Union led by Léon Gambetta was strongly opposed to the Treaty of Frankfurt as much understanding to the Paris Commune, repressed by the moderate Adolphe Thiers. The party's electoral lists also included notable activists and intellectuals like Louis Blanc (elected with 216,000 votes),[1] Victor Hugo, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Edgar Quinet, Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, Émile Littré, Charles Floquet, Georges Clemenceau, Arthur Ranc and Gustave Courbet.
Initially on the extreme left of the Parliament of France, the group became close to the Opportunist Republicans of Jules Ferry in the late 1870s, causing a split of the far-left radicals led by Clemenceu. During the Gambetta government (1881–1882), René Goblet also broke away from the group to form the Radical Left.
After the 1885 legislative election, the Republican Union's popularity decreased while the Opportunists to their right increased their votes. In 1894, one of the last prominent members of the group, Gustave Isambert, renamed the Republican Union as the Progressive Union and with an handful of deputies and senators continued to pursue Gambetta's goals. However, changes in the political system led to a need for a big party of all liberals and when the Democratic Republican Alliance was created in 1901 the Opportunists and the Progressive Union merged into it.
Electoral history edit
Presidential elections edit
| Election year | Candidate | No. of first round votes | % of 1st round vote | No. of second round votes | % of 2nd round vote | Won/Loss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1873 | Jules Grévy | 1 | 0.2% | Loss | ||
| 1879 | Léon Gambetta | 5 | 0.7% | Loss | ||
| 1885 | Henri Brisson | 68 | 11.8% | Loss | ||
| 1887 | Henri Brisson | 26 | 3.0% | Loss | ||
| 1894 | Henri Brisson | 195 | 23.1% | Loss | ||
| 1894 | Henri Brisson | 195 | 43.0% | 361 | 45.2% | Loss |
Legislative elections edit
| Chamber of Deputies | |||||
| Election year | No. of overall votes | % of overall vote | No. of overall seats won | +/– | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1871 | Unknown (5th) | 6.0% | 38 / 638 | New | |
| 1876 | 1,359,435 (2nd) | 18.4% | 98 / 533 | 60 | |
| 1877 | 4,860,481 (1st)[a] | 60.0% | 313 / 521 | 205 | |
| 1881 | 2,678,678 (1st) | 37.3% | 204 / 545 | 109 | |
| 1885 | 1,125,989 (2nd) | 14.2% | 83 / 584 | 121 | |
| 1889 | 2,974,565 (1st) | 37.4% | 216 / 578 | 133 | |
- ^ a: Running unified with the Republican Left.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Michel Winock (2007). Clemenceu. Perrin Editions. pp. 20–21.