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Treaty of Versailles (1871)

January 28, 2023

The Treaty of Versailles of 1871 ended the Franco-Prussian War and was signed by Adolphe Thiers of the Third French Republic and Otto von Bismarck of the newly-formed German Empire on 26 February 1871. A preliminary treaty, it was used to solidify the initial armistice of 28 January between the powers.[1] It was ratified by the Treaty of Frankfurt on 10 May of the same year which confirmed the supremacy of the German Empire, replacing France as the dominant military power on the European continent.

Treaty of Versailles
1871 Imperial Law Gazette of Germany
TypeBilateral treaty
Signed26 February 1871 (1871-02-26)
LocationParis, France
Original
signatories
Ratifiers
  •  Germany
  •  France
LanguageFrench
This article is about the Treaty of Versailles of 1871. For other treaties, see Treaty of Versailles (disambiguation).

Paris's governing body, the Government of National Defense had made an armistice, effective from 28 January, by surrendering to the Germans to end the siege of Paris; Jules Favre, a prominent French politician, did so, meeting with Bismarck in Versailles to sign the armistice. Adolphe Thiers emerged by the time of a formal treaty as the new French leader as the country began reconstructing its government.

Disruption of the French government

In the first seven weeks of the Franco-Prussian War, Prussian and other German forces experienced several great military successes against the struggling French government, including the capture of the current French emperor, Napoleon III at the Battle of Sedan on 2 September 1870. This caused the collapse of Second French Empire, to be replaced by a Government of National Defense on 4 September. The Government of National Defense served as an interim governing body before a new French Republic could hold elections, and received unfavorable responses from Parisians as it was unable to break the siege. Statesmen evacuated to establish offices in Bordeaux and Tours, which left French government officials unable to communicate, further upsetting the structure of the state and weakening the government.

German unification

While the French government deteriorated, Bismarck succeeded in achieving the unification of most of Germany on January 18, 1871 creating the German Empire. King Wilhelm I of Prussia was declared Kaiser of the newly created empire in the Hall of Mirrors in the Versailles Palace. The new German command structure wanted to sign a peace treaty to gain France's colonial possessions; however, Bismarck opted for an immediate truce as his primary reason for war, German unification, had already been accomplished. He was concerned that further violence would render more German casualties and draw French resentment. He was also wary of drawing attention from other European nations, fearing that they might be moved to intervene if the new German state appeared power-hungry. Both sides were eager to sign a treaty by the beginning of February 1871.

Provisions of the treaty

The terms of the treaty included a war indemnity of five billion francs to be paid by France to Germany. The German army would continue to occupy parts of France until the payment was complete. The treaty also recognized Wilhelm I as the Kaiser of the newly united German Empire. Preliminary discussion began on the cession of Alsace and the Moselle region of Lorraine, to Germany. Despite Bismarck's objections, Moltke and his generals insisted that the territory was necessary as a defensive barrier. Bismarck opposed the annexation because he did not wish to make Germany a permanent enemy of France.[2] The portion annexed of Alsace-Lorraine was later slightly reduced at the Treaty of Frankfurt, allowing France to retain the Territory of Belfort.

Further reading

  • Abrams, Lynn. Bismarck and the German Empire, 1871-1918. New York: Routledge, 1995.
  • Howard, Michael Eliot. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870-1871. New York: Routledge, 2001.
  • Hozier, Henry Montague and Adams, William Henry Davenport. The Franco-Prussian War: Its Causes, Incidents, and Consequences. London: W. Mackenzie, 1872.
  • Wawro, Geoffrey. The Franco-Prussian War: the German conquest of France in 1870-1871. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

References

  1. ^ George W. Kyte (1946), "The Vanquished Must Surrender: Jules Favre and the Franco-German Armistice of 1871", Historian, 9: 19–36.
  2. ^ Taylor, A.J.P. (1988). Bismarck: The Man and the Statesman. Hamish Hamilton. p. 133. ISBN 0-241-11565-5.

External links

  • The Franco-German Boundary of 1871
  • The Republic and the Iron Chancellor: The Pattern of Franco-German Relations, 1871-1890

January 28, 2023
treaty, versailles, 1871, treaty, versailles, 1871, ended, franco, prussian, signed, adolphe, thiers, third, french, republic, otto, bismarck, newly, formed, german, empire, february, 1871, preliminary, treaty, used, solidify, initial, armistice, january, betw. The Treaty of Versailles of 1871 ended the Franco Prussian War and was signed by Adolphe Thiers of the Third French Republic and Otto von Bismarck of the newly formed German Empire on 26 February 1871 A preliminary treaty it was used to solidify the initial armistice of 28 January between the powers 1 It was ratified by the Treaty of Frankfurt on 10 May of the same year which confirmed the supremacy of the German Empire replacing France as the dominant military power on the European continent Treaty of Versailles1871 Imperial Law Gazette of GermanyTypeBilateral treatySigned26 February 1871 1871 02 26 LocationParis FranceOriginalsignatories Germany FranceRatifiers Germany FranceLanguageFrenchThis article is about the Treaty of Versailles of 1871 For other treaties see Treaty of Versailles disambiguation Paris s governing body the Government of National Defense had made an armistice effective from 28 January by surrendering to the Germans to end the siege of Paris Jules Favre a prominent French politician did so meeting with Bismarck in Versailles to sign the armistice Adolphe Thiers emerged by the time of a formal treaty as the new French leader as the country began reconstructing its government Contents 1 Disruption of the French government 2 German unification 3 Provisions of the treaty 4 Further reading 5 References 6 External linksDisruption of the French government EditIn the first seven weeks of the Franco Prussian War Prussian and other German forces experienced several great military successes against the struggling French government including the capture of the current French emperor Napoleon III at the Battle of Sedan on 2 September 1870 This caused the collapse of Second French Empire to be replaced by a Government of National Defense on 4 September The Government of National Defense served as an interim governing body before a new French Republic could hold elections and received unfavorable responses from Parisians as it was unable to break the siege Statesmen evacuated to establish offices in Bordeaux and Tours which left French government officials unable to communicate further upsetting the structure of the state and weakening the government German unification EditWhile the French government deteriorated Bismarck succeeded in achieving the unification of most of Germany on January 18 1871 creating the German Empire King Wilhelm I of Prussia was declared Kaiser of the newly created empire in the Hall of Mirrors in the Versailles Palace The new German command structure wanted to sign a peace treaty to gain France s colonial possessions however Bismarck opted for an immediate truce as his primary reason for war German unification had already been accomplished He was concerned that further violence would render more German casualties and draw French resentment He was also wary of drawing attention from other European nations fearing that they might be moved to intervene if the new German state appeared power hungry Both sides were eager to sign a treaty by the beginning of February 1871 Provisions of the treaty EditThe terms of the treaty included a war indemnity of five billion francs to be paid by France to Germany The German army would continue to occupy parts of France until the payment was complete The treaty also recognized Wilhelm I as the Kaiser of the newly united German Empire Preliminary discussion began on the cession of Alsace and the Moselle region of Lorraine to Germany Despite Bismarck s objections Moltke and his generals insisted that the territory was necessary as a defensive barrier Bismarck opposed the annexation because he did not wish to make Germany a permanent enemy of France 2 The portion annexed of Alsace Lorraine was later slightly reduced at the Treaty of Frankfurt allowing France to retain the Territory of Belfort Further reading EditAbrams Lynn Bismarck and the German Empire 1871 1918 New York Routledge 1995 Howard Michael Eliot The Franco Prussian War The German Invasion of France 1870 1871 New York Routledge 2001 Hozier Henry Montague and Adams William Henry Davenport The Franco Prussian War Its Causes Incidents and Consequences London W Mackenzie 1872 Wawro Geoffrey The Franco Prussian War the German conquest of France in 1870 1871 Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2003 References Edit George W Kyte 1946 The Vanquished Must Surrender Jules Favre and the Franco German Armistice of 1871 Historian 9 19 36 Taylor A J P 1988 Bismarck The Man and the Statesman Hamish Hamilton p 133 ISBN 0 241 11565 5 External links EditThe Franco German Boundary of 1871 The Republic and the Iron Chancellor The Pattern of Franco German Relations 1871 1890 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Treaty of Versailles 1871 amp oldid 1102475760, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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