The Red River, also known as the Hong River (traditional Chinese: 紅河; simplified Chinese: 红河; pinyin: Hóng Hé; Vietnamese: Sông Hồng; Chữ Nôm: 瀧紅; Chữ Hán: 紅河), the Hồng Hà and Sông Cái (lit. "Mother River") in Vietnamese,[citation needed] and the Yuan River (元江, Yuán Jiāng Nguyên Giang) in Chinese, is a 1,149-kilometer (714 mi)-long river that flows from Yunnan in Southwest China through northern Vietnam to the Gulf of Tonkin. According to C. Michael Hogan, the associated Red River Fault was instrumental in forming the entire South China Sea at least as early as 37 million years before present. The name red and southern position in China are associated in traditional cardinal directions.
Red River
Sông Thao, Hồng Hà, Nhị Hà, Nhĩ Hà, Sông Cái, Nguyên Giang, Hong River
The Red River begins in China's Yunnan province in the mountains south of Dali. Main headstreams Leqiu River, Xi River and Juli River confluence at Nanjian where they form the Lishe River. The Lishe River meets with another headstream, the Yijie River at Hongtupo, Chuxiong Prefecture. It flows generally southeastward, passing through Yi and Dai ethnic minority areas before leaving China through Yunnan's Honghe Autonomous Prefecture. It enters Vietnam at Lào Cai province and forms a portion of the international border between China and Vietnam. The river, known as Thao River for this upper stretch, continues its southeasterly course through northwestern Vietnam before emerging from the mountains to reach the midlands.[citation needed] Its main tributaries, the Black River (Da River) and Lô River join in to form the very broad Hồng near the city of Việt Trì, Phú Thọ province.
The reddish-brown heavily silt-laden water gives the river its name. The Red River is notorious for its violent floods with its seasonally wide volume fluctuations. Intense seasonal floods are made worse by erosion, development, and pollution. The delta is a major agricultural area of Vietnam with vast area devoted to rice. The land is protected by an elaborate network of dikes and levees.[citation needed]
As a travel and transportation route
In the 19th century, the Red River was thought to be a lucrative trade route to China. The late 19th-century French explorers were able to travel up the Red River until Manhao in South Yunnan, and then overland toward Kunming.[3]
The Red River remained the main commercial travel route between the French Indochina and Yunnan until the opening of the Kunming–Haiphong Railway in 1910. Although French steamers would be able to go as far upstream as Lao Cai during the rainy season,[4] during the dry season (November to April) steamship would not go upstream of Yên Bái; thus, during that part of the year goods were moved by small vessels (junks).[5]
Thanks to the river, Haiphong was in the early 20th century the sea port most easily accessible from Kunming. Still, the travel time between Haiphong and Kunming was reckoned by the Western authorities at 28 days: it involved 16 days of travel by steamer and then a small boat up the Red River to Manhao (425 miles), and then 12 days overland (194 miles) to Kunming.[5]
Manhao was considered the head of navigation for the smallest vessels (wupan 五版); so Yunnan's products such as tin would be brought to Manhao by pack mules, where they would be loaded to boats to be sent downstream.[4] On the Manhao to Lao Cai section, where the current may be quite fast, especially during the freshet season, traveling upstream in an wupan was much more difficult than downstream. According to one report, one could descend from Manhao to Lao Cai in just 10 hours, while sailing in the reverse direction could take 10 days, and sometimes as much as one month.[4]
Dams
Several hydroelectric dams have been constructed on the Red River in Yunnan:[6]
Many more dams exist on the Red River's tributaries, both in Yunnan and in Vietnam.[6] One of the earliest of them is the Thác Bà Dam in Vietnam, constructed in 1972, which forms the Thác Bà Lake.[7]
Administration, E., & Hogan, C. (2013). South China Sea. Retrieved from Encyclopedia of Earth
^ abcdeBank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River (Report). March 2004 – via ResearchGate.
^"Red River | river, Asia | Britannica". www.britannica.com.
^Bulletin of the Geographical Society of Philadelphia, vol. 9–10, Geographical Society, 1912, pp. 18–20
^ abcLittle, Archibald John (1906), Across Yunnan & Tonking by Archibald Little: Part I. Between Two Capitals. Part II. Yunnanfu to the Coast, p. 26
^ abWhates, H. (1901), The Politician's Handbook, Vacher & Sons, p. 146
^ abCommissioned, Under Construction and Planned Dams in April 2016 (WLE Greater Mekong)
^Lu, Xi Xi; Oeurng, Chantha; Le, Thi Phuong Quynh; Thuy, Duong Thi (2015). "Sediment budget as affected by construction of a sequence of dams in the lower Red River, Viet Nam". Geomorphology. 248: 125–133. Bibcode:2015Geomo.248..125L. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.044.
External links
Media related to Red River (Asia) at Wikimedia Commons
January 29, 2023
river, asia, delta, river, delta, tributary, huai, river, central, china, hong, river, huai, river, hong, song, hong, redirect, here, other, uses, hong, disambiguation, song, hong, disambiguation, river, also, known, hong, river, traditional, chinese, 紅河, simp. For the delta see Red River Delta For the tributary of the Huai River in central China see Hong River Huai River Hong He and Song Hong redirect here For other uses see Hong He disambiguation and Song Hong disambiguation The Red River also known as the Hong River traditional Chinese 紅河 simplified Chinese 红河 pinyin Hong He Vietnamese Song Hồng Chữ Nom 瀧紅 Chữ Han 紅河 the Hồng Ha and Song Cai lit Mother River in Vietnamese citation needed and the Yuan River 元江 Yuan Jiang Nguyen Giang in Chinese is a 1 149 kilometer 714 mi long river that flows from Yunnan in Southwest China through northern Vietnam to the Gulf of Tonkin According to C Michael Hogan the associated Red River Fault was instrumental in forming the entire South China Sea at least as early as 37 million years before present The name red and southern position in China are associated in traditional cardinal directions Red RiverSong Thao Hồng Ha Nhị Ha Nhĩ Ha Song Cai Nguyen Giang Hong RiverRed River in Yuanyang County Gejiu City YunnanRed River and its tributaries Native nameSong Hồng Vietnamese 瀧紅 Vietnamese 紅河 Vietnamese Yuanjiang Chinese 元江 Chinese Hong He Chinese 红河 Chinese LocationCountryChina VietnamProvincesYunnan Province China Lao Cai province Yen Bai province Phu Thọ province Hanoi Vĩnh Phuc province Hưng Yen province Ha Nam province Thai Binh province Nam Định provincePhysical characteristicsSource locationHengduan Mountains Weishan Dali Yunnan China elevation1 776 m 5 827 ft 2nd source locationTBD Xiangyun Dali Yunnan ChinaMouthBa Lạt location boundary between Tiền Hải and Giao Thủy coordinates20 14 43 N 106 35 20 E 20 24528 N 106 58889 E 20 24528 106 58889 Coordinates 20 14 43 N 106 35 20 E 20 24528 N 106 58889 E 20 24528 106 58889 elevation0 m 0 ft Length1 149 km 714 mi Basin size143 600 km2 55 400 sq mi 1 169 000 km2 65 000 sq mi 1 Discharge locationRed River Delta Gulf of Tonkin Vietnam average4 300 m3 s 150 000 cu ft s 1 minimum1 200 m3 s 42 000 cu ft s 1 700 m3 s 25 000 cu ft s maximum35 000 m3 s 1 200 000 cu ft s 1 9 500 m3 s 340 000 cu ft s 2 Discharge locationViệt Tri average900 m3 s 32 000 cu ft s Basin featuresTributaries leftNanxi Lo rightĐaHong River in fog Hanoi Vietnam The reddish brown heavily silt laden water gives the river its name View from bridge in Hanoi Vietnam Sunset over Hong River view from Long Bien Bridge Hanoi Vietnam Contents 1 Geography 2 As a travel and transportation route 3 Dams 4 Settlements 4 1 China 中國 4 2 Vietnam Việt Nam 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksGeography EditThe Red River begins in China s Yunnan province in the mountains south of Dali Main headstreams Leqiu River Xi River and Juli River confluence at Nanjian where they form the Lishe River The Lishe River meets with another headstream the Yijie River at Hongtupo Chuxiong Prefecture It flows generally southeastward passing through Yi and Dai ethnic minority areas before leaving China through Yunnan s Honghe Autonomous Prefecture It enters Vietnam at Lao Cai province and forms a portion of the international border between China and Vietnam The river known as Thao River for this upper stretch continues its southeasterly course through northwestern Vietnam before emerging from the mountains to reach the midlands citation needed Its main tributaries the Black River Da River and Lo River join in to form the very broad Hồng near the city of Việt Tri Phu Thọ province Downstream from Việt Tri the river and its main distributaries the Đuống River Kinh Thầy River Bạch Đằng River and the Thai Binh river system spread out to form the Red River Delta The Red River flows past the Vietnamese capital Hanoi before emptying into the Gulf of Tonkin Its estuary is an important Ramsar site and forms the main part of the Xuan Thủy National Park The reddish brown heavily silt laden water gives the river its name The Red River is notorious for its violent floods with its seasonally wide volume fluctuations Intense seasonal floods are made worse by erosion development and pollution The delta is a major agricultural area of Vietnam with vast area devoted to rice The land is protected by an elaborate network of dikes and levees citation needed As a travel and transportation route EditIn the 19th century the Red River was thought to be a lucrative trade route to China The late 19th century French explorers were able to travel up the Red River until Manhao in South Yunnan and then overland toward Kunming 3 The Red River remained the main commercial travel route between the French Indochina and Yunnan until the opening of the Kunming Haiphong Railway in 1910 Although French steamers would be able to go as far upstream as Lao Cai during the rainy season 4 during the dry season November to April steamship would not go upstream of Yen Bai thus during that part of the year goods were moved by small vessels junks 5 Thanks to the river Haiphong was in the early 20th century the sea port most easily accessible from Kunming Still the travel time between Haiphong and Kunming was reckoned by the Western authorities at 28 days it involved 16 days of travel by steamer and then a small boat up the Red River to Manhao 425 miles and then 12 days overland 194 miles to Kunming 5 Manhao was considered the head of navigation for the smallest vessels wupan 五版 so Yunnan s products such as tin would be brought to Manhao by pack mules where they would be loaded to boats to be sent downstream 4 On the Manhao to Lao Cai section where the current may be quite fast especially during the freshet season traveling upstream in an wupan was much more difficult than downstream According to one report one could descend from Manhao to Lao Cai in just 10 hours while sailing in the reverse direction could take 10 days and sometimes as much as one month 4 Dams EditSeveral hydroelectric dams have been constructed on the Red River in Yunnan 6 Da Wan Dam Dachunhe I Dam Dachunhe II Dam Nansha Dam near Nansha Town Yuanyang County Madushan Dam near Manhao Town Gejiu CityMany more dams exist on the Red River s tributaries both in Yunnan and in Vietnam 6 One of the earliest of them is the Thac Ba Dam in Vietnam constructed in 1972 which forms the Thac Ba Lake 7 Settlements EditChina 中國 Edit Yunnan 雲南 Honghe 紅河 Nansha Town the county seat of Yuanyang County Yunnan 南沙鎮 Manhao Town Gejiu County level City 蔓耗鎮 Hekou Yao Autonomous County 河口瑤族自治縣 Vietnam Việt Nam Edit The Red River view from Long Bien Bridge Hanoi Vietnam Ha Nội Tay Hồ district Ba Đinh district Hoan Kiếm district Hai Ba Trưng district Long Bien district Gia Lam district Hoang Mai district Ba Vi district Đan Phượng district Đong Anh district Me Linh district Phuc Thọ district Phu Xuyen district Sơn Tay town Thanh Tri district Thường Tin district Từ Liem district Ha Nam province Duy Tien district Ly Nhan district Hưng Yen province Văn Giang district Khoai Chau district Kim Động district Hưng Yen Tien Lữ district Lao Cai province Bảo Yen district Bảo Thắng district Nam Định province Nam Trực district Giao Thủy district Trực Ninh district Xuan Trường district Phu Thọ province Cẩm Khe district old name Song Thao district Hạ Hoa Lam Thao Phu Thọ Tam Nong Thanh Ba Thanh Thủy Việt Tri Thai Binh province Hưng Ha district Vũ Thư district Kiến Xương district Tiền Hải district Vĩnh Phuc province Vĩnh Tường district Yen Lạc district Yen Bai province Trấn Yen district Văn Yen districtSee also EditYuan River and Yuanjiang disambiguation Red River Delta Red River Fault Geography of China Geography of VietnamReferences EditAdministration E amp Hogan C 2013 South China Sea Retrieved from Encyclopedia of Earth earthtrends wri org Water Resources eAtlas Hong Red River a b c d e Bank erosion in Mekong Delta and Red River Report March 2004 via ResearchGate Red River river Asia Britannica www britannica com Bulletin of the Geographical Society of Philadelphia vol 9 10 Geographical Society 1912 pp 18 20 a b c Little Archibald John 1906 Across Yunnan amp Tonking by Archibald Little Part I Between Two Capitals Part II Yunnanfu to the Coast p 26 a b Whates H 1901 The Politician s Handbook Vacher amp Sons p 146 a b Commissioned Under Construction and Planned Dams in April 2016 WLE Greater Mekong Lu Xi Xi Oeurng Chantha Le Thi Phuong Quynh Thuy Duong Thi 2015 Sediment budget as affected by construction of a sequence of dams in the lower Red River Viet Nam Geomorphology 248 125 133 Bibcode 2015Geomo 248 125L doi 10 1016 j geomorph 2015 06 044 External links Edit Media related to Red River Asia at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Red River Asia amp oldid 1120693881, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
