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Same-sex marriage in Ecuador

January 20, 2023

Same-sex marriage in Ecuador has been legal since 8 July 2019 in accordance with a Constitutional Court ruling issued on 12 June 2019 that the ban on same-sex marriage was unconstitutional under the Constitution of Ecuador. The ruling took effect upon publication in the government gazette on 8 July. Ecuador became the fifth country in South America to allow same-sex couples to marry, after Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Colombia, but adoption by married couples remains restricted to opposite-sex couples. The country has also recognized same-sex civil unions since 2008.

Civil unions

 
Karla Vacacela and Priscila Rivera, the first Ecuadorian lesbian couple to register a civil union

Since the early 20th century, opposite-sex civil unions, available after two years of cohabitation, have been granted the same rights as civil marriages. In the late 19th century, the liberal revolution led by Eloy Alfaro established the separation of church and state in Ecuador. Since the consolidation of this separation in the first decades of the 20th century, only civil marriage or unions have been recognized by the state.[1]

During debate over the 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution, LGBT organizations campaigned for the inclusion of same-sex civil unions,[2][3] which were eventually included in Article 68 of the Constitution, despite protests from the Catholic Church and evangelical groups.[4] Under the text of the new Constitution, the only difference between same-sex and opposite-sex unions is that adoption by same-sex couples is not permitted; adoption rights are the same for civil unions as for civil marriages, but do not extend to same-sex unions.[5] Protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation had already been introduced in the 1998 Constitution, Ecuador being among the first three countries in the world to adopt such a constitutional protection, alongside South Africa and Fiji.[6]

President Rafael Correa said he wanted the document to allow same-sex unions, saying that "the profoundly humanistic position of this government is to respect the intrinsic dignity of everyone, of every human being, independently of their creed, race, sexual preference. We will give certain guarantees to stable gay couples but matrimony will continue being reserved for a man, a woman and the family. Every person has dignity, that's to say, one must respect a person independently of their sexual preference. Be careful not to deny employment to someone because of their sexual preference. That is discrimination, that is unconstitutional."[7][8]

The Constitution was approved in a referendum by 69.46%, and was officially recorded on 20 October 2008.[9][10][11][12] The first same-sex union was recognised in August 2009.[13][14][15][16][17]

Text of Article 68 of the Ecuador Constitution

In Spanish: Art. 68.- "La unión estable y monogámica entre dos personas libres de vínculo matrimonial que formen un hogar de hecho, por el lapso y bajo las condiciones y circunstancias que señale la ley, generará los mismos derechos y obligaciones que tienen las familias constituidas mediante matrimonio. La adopción corresponderá sólo a parejas de distinto sexo."[a]

That is: "The stable and monogamous union between two persons, free of matrimonial bond, who form a de facto couple, for the duration and under the conditions and circumstances that the law provides, will generate the same rights and obligations as held by families built through marriage. Adoption will pertain only to couples of different sexes."

Subsequent changes

Although civil unions were legalised in the 2008 Constitution, they were not formally recognized as a civil status until 15 September 2014, when the Directorate General of the Civil Registry began registering them nationwide. Three cities, Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca, had already begun recognizing civil unions prior to September 2014.[21] On 21 April 2015, the National Assembly approved a bill codifying same-sex civil unions into statutory law by a vote of 89–1.[22][23] The bill also removed the requirement to have lived together for two years. President Rafael Correa signed it into law on 19 June 2015.[24] The law changed article 222 of the Civil Code to read:

In Spanish: Art. 222.- "La unión estable y monogámica entre dos personas libres de vínculo matrimonial, mayores de edad, que formen un hogar de hecho, genera los mismos derechos y obligaciones que tienen las familias constituidas mediante matrimonio y da origen a una sociedad de bienes."

That is: "The stable and monogamous union between two persons, free of matrimonial bond, of legal age, who form a de facto couple, generates the same rights and obligations as held by families built through marriage and leads to a community property."

Statistics

By January 2018, 15,992 de facto unions had been registered in Ecuador, of which 3% were to same-sex couples.[25]

Same-sex marriage

 
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America
  Marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Country subject to IACHR ruling
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal, though penalties not enforced

Under Article 67 of the 2008 Constitution, "marriage is the union between man and woman based on the free consent of the parties and their equal rights, obligations and legal capacity."[26] However, on 12 June 2019 the Constitutional Court ruled that this article was unenforceable and void, and legalized same-sex marriage in Ecuador.[27]

Background

During a series of interviews with local newspaper El Universo before the 2013 general election, two of the eight presidential candidates expressed their support for same-sex marriage: leftist candidates Alberto Acosta,[28] from the Plurinational Unity of the Lefts, and Norman Wray,[29] from the Ruptura 25 movement. President Rafael Correa did not participate in the interviews.[30] However, in a 2011 interview for Radio France Internationale, Correa said that he "couldn't accept" same-sex marriage or abortion, although when asked if he would oppose legislation legalizing either of them, he referred only to abortion when saying that he would certainly oppose it.[31] On 17 February 2013, President Correa was reelected by a wide margin.[32] On 23 May 2013, Correa reiterated his opposition to same-sex marriage.[33]

On 4 March 2016, the Provincial Government of Azuay unanimously approved an ordinance allowing symbolic same-sex marriages.[34] The ordinance allowed same-sex couples to register their marriage with the Azuay Provincial Civil Registry, but the marriages were only symbolic with no legal effect.[35][36] The first symbolic marriage was held in late June 2016 in Cuenca.[37]

Before the 2017 presidential election, Paco Moncayo, candidate for the Democratic Left, said there should be a national debate on the legalisation of same-sex marriage.[38] The election was won by Lenín Moreno, candidate for the PAIS Alliance, whose position on same-sex marriage was unknown, as he had refused to answer questions on the issue from activist Pamela Troya.[39]

Legalization process

 
Santiago Vinces and Fernando Saltos on their way to the civil registry office in Guayaquil, as part of the Matrimonio Civil Igualitario campaign

On 5 August 2013, LGBT groups launched a nationwide campaign under the name Matrimonio Civil Igualitario (Equal Civil Marriage), seeking to legalize same-sex marriage in the country.[40] A marriage petition was launched by activist Pamela Troya and her partner at the civil registry in Quito.[41][42] The petition was rejected days later, citing the country's Constitution and Civil Code. The couple announced on 8 August that they would file a lawsuit asking a judge to order the civil registry to marry them.[43][44][45] The lawsuit was filed on 13 August 2013,[46][47] for review by the Constitutional Court, and focused heavily on the Inter-American Court of Human Rights' decision in Atala Riffo and Daughters v. Chile, which held that sexual orientation is a suspect classification.

On 26 August 2013, a different couple went to the civil registry office in Guayaquil asking to be married.[48] The couple, Santiago Vinces and Fernando Saltos, marched through the city to the civil registry with a convoy of activists and supporters, including actress Érika Vélez.[49][50][51][52][53] Their marriage petition was denied three days later, citing the same reasons given to the first couple.[54][55]

2018 Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling

On 9 January 2018, in advisory opinion OC 24/7, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) ruled that countries signatory to the American Convention on Human Rights are required to allow same-sex couples to marry.[56][57][58] The ruling states that:[59][60]

The State must recognize and guarantee all rights derived from a family bond between persons of the same sex in accordance with the provisions of Articles 11.2 and 17.1 of the American Convention. (...) in accordance with articles 1.1, 2, 11.2, 17, and 24 of the American Convention, it is necessary to guarantee access to all the existing figures in domestic legal systems, including the right to marry. (..) To ensure the protection of all the rights of families formed by same-sex couples, without discrimination with respect to those that are constituted by heterosexual couples.

Ecuador ratified the American Convention on Human Rights on 28 December 1977 and recognized the court's jurisdiction on 4 July 1984.[61] The ruling set binding precedent for Ecuadorian courts. LGBT activists urged the government to abide by the ruling,[62] believing that Ecuador is required to recognise same-sex marriages under Article 417 of the Constitution:

Article 417. The international treaties ratified by Ecuador shall be subject to the provisions set forth in the Constitution. In the case of treaties and other international instruments for human rights, principles for the benefit of the human being, the nonrestriction of rights, direct applicability, and the open clause as set forth in the Constitution shall be applied.

June 2018 rulings

Following the IACHR ruling, two same-sex couples went to the civil registry office in Cuenca to apply for marriage licenses. After both couples were rejected, they filed separate lawsuits in court arguing that the refusal to allow them to marry was discriminatory, unconstitutional and a violation of the American Convention on Human Rights. Citing the IACHR ruling, two family judges ruled in favour of the couples on 29 June 2018. The judges ordered the civil registry to immediately begin registering same-sex marriages, but their decision was stayed pending appeal. The two cases had the support of the Azuay Provincial Government.[63][64][65] On 10 September 2018, the Labor Chamber of the Provincial Court of Justice overturned both decisions, ruling that the issue of same-sex marriage should be handled by the National Assembly or the Constitutional Court.[66]

2019 Constitutional Court ruling

On 28 July 2018, the president of the Constitutional Court, Alfredo Ruiz Guzmán, said he believed that a majority of judges on the court were in favour of legalizing same-sex marriage.[67]

On 29 March 2019, a public hearing was held to determine whether the advisory opinion OC 24/7 issued by the IACHR on same-sex marriage was applicable to Ecuador, and whether it could be applied without a constitutional amendment or modifications to the Civil Code and the Organic Law of Identity and Civil Data Management (Ley Orgánica de Identidad y Gestión de Datos Civiles). The case had been accepted for review by the Constitutional Court on 6 March 2019, following a request from the judges of the Provincial Court of Justice of Pichincha to review the legality of the civil marriage of Efraín Soria and Javier Benalcázar. The Constitutional Court had 45 days to issue a response and resolve the case.[68][69][70] On 20 May 2019, another public hearing was held on a different same-sex marriage case.[71][72]

A ruling in the cases was originally set for 4 June 2019,[73] but was delayed as the judges were not able to reach a decision after several hours of discussion, and announced they would continue to convene over the following days.[74] The court issued two rulings in favour of the couples, both by a 5–4 margin, on 12 June 2019.[75][76] In the first ruling, the court held that the January 2018 IACHR ruling is fully binding on Ecuador and takes precedence over Ecuadorian domestic law.[77] In its second ruling, the court re-wrote article 81 of the Civil Code, as well as article 52 of the identity and civil data management law, to remove gender-specific terms which implied that married spouses were of opposite sexes. The court ruled that Article 67 of the Constitution must be interpreted "in the sense that most favors the full validity of rights".[78] On 14 June, the president of the Constitutional Court, Hernán Salgado Pesantes, said in a press conference that a constitutional amendment was not necessary, and that the National Assembly should reform the secondary laws as soon as possible.[79] The decision also allows same-sex couples to marry in Ecuadorian embassies and diplomatic offices worldwide, as long as one partner is a citizen of Ecuador. The rulings took effect upon publication in the government gazette, the Registro Oficial, on 8 July 2019.[80][81]

 
Alexandra Chávez and Michelle Avilés, the first same-sex couple to marry in Ecuador

Article 81 of the Civil Code was amended to read: Marriage is a solemn contract by which two persons are united in order to live together and mutually help each other.[b]

Human rights groups and LGBT activists welcomed the ruling, with Christian Paula of the Pakta Foundation, who had provided legal advice to several of the couples, saying that the ruling "implies that Ecuador is more egalitarian, more just than yesterday, and that it recognizes that human rights must fit all people without discrimination". In particular, LGBT activists noted that the wording used in the ruling would likely result in the legalisation of same-sex marriage in numerous other Latin American nations under the jurisdiction of the IACHR. The IACHR itself also welcomed the ruling.[82] The Catholic Church expressed opposition to the ruling.[83] In a national broadcast aired on 20 June, President Lenín Moreno expressed his "respect" for the decision of the Constitutional Court, saying, "our duty, as citizens, and my own, as President, is to respect the decisions of all the functions and organs of the State. I maintain my absolute respect for what has been done by the Constitutional Court, which is composed of serious and honest judges."[84]

The first same-sex marriage occurred on 18 July in Guayaquil between Michelle Avilés and Alexandra Chávez.[85]

Statistics

122 same-sex marriages took place in Ecuador in the first year of legalisation; 77 between male couples and 45 between lesbian couples.[86]

According to statistics from the civil registry, 82 same-sex marriages were performed in 2019, 115 in 2020, and 240 in 2021, mostly in the provinces of Pichincha, Guayas and Manabí. There were also 5 same-sex divorces during those three years. No same-sex marriages occurred in Bolívar, Carchi, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbíos, and Zamora-Chinchipe provinces.[87]

Public opinion

According to a Pew Research Center survey conducted between 7 November 2013 and 26 January 2014, 16% of Ecuadorians supported same-sex marriage, while 74% were opposed.[88][89]

According to the 2014 AmericasBarometer (published in June 2015), 16.5% of Ecuadorians were in favour of same-sex marriage.[90] The 2017 AmericasBarometer poll showed that 33% of Ecuadorians supported same-sex marriage.[91]

A July 2019 survey conducted by the Vanderbilt University showed that 51.3% of the Ecuador public opposed same-sex marriage, 36.8% "strongly". The poll found a significant age gap; 68.5% of the Silent Generation were opposed, followed by 62.5% of Baby boomers, 54.1% of Generation X, 42% of Millennials and 16.7% of Generation Z.[92]

See also

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Same-sex marriage in Ecuador.

Notes

  1. ^ In Quechua: Kawsankapa tinkunakuyka, shuk kari, shuk warmi mana sawarishka tantarishkallami tukun, shinapash shuk ayllumi wallparin; kayka shuk pachata, arinishkakuna ukupi, kamachiy shuk kutinlla nishkami kan. Shinapash sawarishpa ayllu wallparishkakunapak hayñikunata, mañayta charishkatami hapin. Shukpak wawata wakchushpa wiñachinaka shuk kari, shuk warmi sawarishka, tantarishkapakllami kanka.[18][19]
    In Shuar: Tsaniniamuka chikichkijiainkiti, ankant natsa ania, tuke nuatnaikia atiniaiti umitiai umpuarma tana aintsank, máshi nuatnaikiar matsatainia aintsank pujusartiniaiti. Uchirimmiaka nuájai aishmank uchinkia tsakátmartin Ainiawai.[20]
  2. ^ Spanish: Matrimonio es un contrato solemne por el cual dos personas se unen con el fin de vivir juntos y auxiliarse mutuamente.

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  88. ^ "Social Attitudes on Moral Issues in Latin America". Pew Research Center. 13 November 2014. from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  89. ^ "Appendix A: Methodology". Pew Research Center. 13 November 2014. from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  90. ^ "AmericasBarometer: Topical Brief – 2 June 2015" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  91. ^ "CULTURA POLÍTICA DE LA DEMOCRACIA EN LA REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA Y EN LAS AMÉRICAS, 2016/17" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  92. ^ "El 51,3% de los ecuatorianos desaprueba el matrimonio igualitario, según encuesta". El Mercurio (in Spanish). 24 July 2019. from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2019.

External links

  • "CASO No. 11-18-CN (matrimonio igualitario)" (PDF) (in Spanish). Constitutional Court of Ecuador. 12 June 2019.

January 20, 2023
same, marriage, ecuador, been, legal, since, july, 2019, accordance, with, constitutional, court, ruling, issued, june, 2019, that, same, marriage, unconstitutional, under, constitution, ecuador, ruling, took, effect, upon, publication, government, gazette, ju. Same sex marriage in Ecuador has been legal since 8 July 2019 in accordance with a Constitutional Court ruling issued on 12 June 2019 that the ban on same sex marriage was unconstitutional under the Constitution of Ecuador The ruling took effect upon publication in the government gazette on 8 July Ecuador became the fifth country in South America to allow same sex couples to marry after Argentina Brazil Uruguay and Colombia but adoption by married couples remains restricted to opposite sex couples The country has also recognized same sex civil unions since 2008 Contents 1 Civil unions 1 1 Text of Article 68 of the Ecuador Constitution 1 2 Subsequent changes 1 3 Statistics 2 Same sex marriage 2 1 Background 2 2 Legalization process 2 2 1 2018 Inter American Court of Human Rights ruling 2 2 2 June 2018 rulings 2 2 3 2019 Constitutional Court ruling 2 3 Statistics 3 Public opinion 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksCivil unions Edit Karla Vacacela and Priscila Rivera the first Ecuadorian lesbian couple to register a civil union Since the early 20th century opposite sex civil unions available after two years of cohabitation have been granted the same rights as civil marriages In the late 19th century the liberal revolution led by Eloy Alfaro established the separation of church and state in Ecuador Since the consolidation of this separation in the first decades of the 20th century only civil marriage or unions have been recognized by the state 1 During debate over the 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution LGBT organizations campaigned for the inclusion of same sex civil unions 2 3 which were eventually included in Article 68 of the Constitution despite protests from the Catholic Church and evangelical groups 4 Under the text of the new Constitution the only difference between same sex and opposite sex unions is that adoption by same sex couples is not permitted adoption rights are the same for civil unions as for civil marriages but do not extend to same sex unions 5 Protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation had already been introduced in the 1998 Constitution Ecuador being among the first three countries in the world to adopt such a constitutional protection alongside South Africa and Fiji 6 President Rafael Correa said he wanted the document to allow same sex unions saying that the profoundly humanistic position of this government is to respect the intrinsic dignity of everyone of every human being independently of their creed race sexual preference We will give certain guarantees to stable gay couples but matrimony will continue being reserved for a man a woman and the family Every person has dignity that s to say one must respect a person independently of their sexual preference Be careful not to deny employment to someone because of their sexual preference That is discrimination that is unconstitutional 7 8 The Constitution was approved in a referendum by 69 46 and was officially recorded on 20 October 2008 9 10 11 12 The first same sex union was recognised in August 2009 13 14 15 16 17 Text of Article 68 of the Ecuador Constitution Edit In Spanish Art 68 La union estable y monogamica entre dos personas libres de vinculo matrimonial que formen un hogar de hecho por el lapso y bajo las condiciones y circunstancias que senale la ley generara los mismos derechos y obligaciones que tienen las familias constituidas mediante matrimonio La adopcion correspondera solo a parejas de distinto sexo a That is The stable and monogamous union between two persons free of matrimonial bond who form a de facto couple for the duration and under the conditions and circumstances that the law provides will generate the same rights and obligations as held by families built through marriage Adoption will pertain only to couples of different sexes Subsequent changes Edit Although civil unions were legalised in the 2008 Constitution they were not formally recognized as a civil status until 15 September 2014 when the Directorate General of the Civil Registry began registering them nationwide Three cities Quito Guayaquil and Cuenca had already begun recognizing civil unions prior to September 2014 21 On 21 April 2015 the National Assembly approved a bill codifying same sex civil unions into statutory law by a vote of 89 1 22 23 The bill also removed the requirement to have lived together for two years President Rafael Correa signed it into law on 19 June 2015 24 The law changed article 222 of the Civil Code to read In Spanish Art 222 La union estable y monogamica entre dos personas libres de vinculo matrimonial mayores de edad que formen un hogar de hecho genera los mismos derechos y obligaciones que tienen las familias constituidas mediante matrimonio y da origen a una sociedad de bienes That is The stable and monogamous union between two persons free of matrimonial bond of legal age who form a de facto couple generates the same rights and obligations as held by families built through marriage and leads to a community property Statistics Edit By January 2018 15 992 de facto unions had been registered in Ecuador of which 3 were to same sex couples 25 Same sex marriage Edit Recognition of same sex unions in South America Marriage Other type of partnership Country subject to IACHR ruling Unrecognized Constitution limits marriage to opposite sex couples Same sex sexual activity illegal though penalties not enforced vte Under Article 67 of the 2008 Constitution marriage is the union between man and woman based on the free consent of the parties and their equal rights obligations and legal capacity 26 However on 12 June 2019 the Constitutional Court ruled that this article was unenforceable and void and legalized same sex marriage in Ecuador 27 Background Edit During a series of interviews with local newspaper El Universo before the 2013 general election two of the eight presidential candidates expressed their support for same sex marriage leftist candidates Alberto Acosta 28 from the Plurinational Unity of the Lefts and Norman Wray 29 from the Ruptura 25 movement President Rafael Correa did not participate in the interviews 30 However in a 2011 interview for Radio France Internationale Correa said that he couldn t accept same sex marriage or abortion although when asked if he would oppose legislation legalizing either of them he referred only to abortion when saying that he would certainly oppose it 31 On 17 February 2013 President Correa was reelected by a wide margin 32 On 23 May 2013 Correa reiterated his opposition to same sex marriage 33 On 4 March 2016 the Provincial Government of Azuay unanimously approved an ordinance allowing symbolic same sex marriages 34 The ordinance allowed same sex couples to register their marriage with the Azuay Provincial Civil Registry but the marriages were only symbolic with no legal effect 35 36 The first symbolic marriage was held in late June 2016 in Cuenca 37 Before the 2017 presidential election Paco Moncayo candidate for the Democratic Left said there should be a national debate on the legalisation of same sex marriage 38 The election was won by Lenin Moreno candidate for the PAIS Alliance whose position on same sex marriage was unknown as he had refused to answer questions on the issue from activist Pamela Troya 39 Legalization process Edit Santiago Vinces and Fernando Saltos on their way to the civil registry office in Guayaquil as part of the Matrimonio Civil Igualitario campaign On 5 August 2013 LGBT groups launched a nationwide campaign under the name Matrimonio Civil Igualitario Equal Civil Marriage seeking to legalize same sex marriage in the country 40 A marriage petition was launched by activist Pamela Troya and her partner at the civil registry in Quito 41 42 The petition was rejected days later citing the country s Constitution and Civil Code The couple announced on 8 August that they would file a lawsuit asking a judge to order the civil registry to marry them 43 44 45 The lawsuit was filed on 13 August 2013 46 47 for review by the Constitutional Court and focused heavily on the Inter American Court of Human Rights decision in Atala Riffo and Daughters v Chile which held that sexual orientation is a suspect classification On 26 August 2013 a different couple went to the civil registry office in Guayaquil asking to be married 48 The couple Santiago Vinces and Fernando Saltos marched through the city to the civil registry with a convoy of activists and supporters including actress Erika Velez 49 50 51 52 53 Their marriage petition was denied three days later citing the same reasons given to the first couple 54 55 2018 Inter American Court of Human Rights ruling Edit On 9 January 2018 in advisory opinion OC 24 7 the Inter American Court of Human Rights IACHR ruled that countries signatory to the American Convention on Human Rights are required to allow same sex couples to marry 56 57 58 The ruling states that 59 60 The State must recognize and guarantee all rights derived from a family bond between persons of the same sex in accordance with the provisions of Articles 11 2 and 17 1 of the American Convention in accordance with articles 1 1 2 11 2 17 and 24 of the American Convention it is necessary to guarantee access to all the existing figures in domestic legal systems including the right to marry To ensure the protection of all the rights of families formed by same sex couples without discrimination with respect to those that are constituted by heterosexual couples Ecuador ratified the American Convention on Human Rights on 28 December 1977 and recognized the court s jurisdiction on 4 July 1984 61 The ruling set binding precedent for Ecuadorian courts LGBT activists urged the government to abide by the ruling 62 believing that Ecuador is required to recognise same sex marriages under Article 417 of the Constitution Article 417 The international treaties ratified by Ecuador shall be subject to the provisions set forth in the Constitution In the case of treaties and other international instruments for human rights principles for the benefit of the human being the nonrestriction of rights direct applicability and the open clause as set forth in the Constitution shall be applied June 2018 rulings Edit Following the IACHR ruling two same sex couples went to the civil registry office in Cuenca to apply for marriage licenses After both couples were rejected they filed separate lawsuits in court arguing that the refusal to allow them to marry was discriminatory unconstitutional and a violation of the American Convention on Human Rights Citing the IACHR ruling two family judges ruled in favour of the couples on 29 June 2018 The judges ordered the civil registry to immediately begin registering same sex marriages but their decision was stayed pending appeal The two cases had the support of the Azuay Provincial Government 63 64 65 On 10 September 2018 the Labor Chamber of the Provincial Court of Justice overturned both decisions ruling that the issue of same sex marriage should be handled by the National Assembly or the Constitutional Court 66 2019 Constitutional Court ruling Edit On 28 July 2018 the president of the Constitutional Court Alfredo Ruiz Guzman said he believed that a majority of judges on the court were in favour of legalizing same sex marriage 67 On 29 March 2019 a public hearing was held to determine whether the advisory opinion OC 24 7 issued by the IACHR on same sex marriage was applicable to Ecuador and whether it could be applied without a constitutional amendment or modifications to the Civil Code and the Organic Law of Identity and Civil Data Management Ley Organica de Identidad y Gestion de Datos Civiles The case had been accepted for review by the Constitutional Court on 6 March 2019 following a request from the judges of the Provincial Court of Justice of Pichincha to review the legality of the civil marriage of Efrain Soria and Javier Benalcazar The Constitutional Court had 45 days to issue a response and resolve the case 68 69 70 On 20 May 2019 another public hearing was held on a different same sex marriage case 71 72 A ruling in the cases was originally set for 4 June 2019 73 but was delayed as the judges were not able to reach a decision after several hours of discussion and announced they would continue to convene over the following days 74 The court issued two rulings in favour of the couples both by a 5 4 margin on 12 June 2019 75 76 In the first ruling the court held that the January 2018 IACHR ruling is fully binding on Ecuador and takes precedence over Ecuadorian domestic law 77 In its second ruling the court re wrote article 81 of the Civil Code as well as article 52 of the identity and civil data management law to remove gender specific terms which implied that married spouses were of opposite sexes The court ruled that Article 67 of the Constitution must be interpreted in the sense that most favors the full validity of rights 78 On 14 June the president of the Constitutional Court Hernan Salgado Pesantes said in a press conference that a constitutional amendment was not necessary and that the National Assembly should reform the secondary laws as soon as possible 79 The decision also allows same sex couples to marry in Ecuadorian embassies and diplomatic offices worldwide as long as one partner is a citizen of Ecuador The rulings took effect upon publication in the government gazette the Registro Oficial on 8 July 2019 80 81 Alexandra Chavez and Michelle Aviles the first same sex couple to marry in Ecuador Article 81 of the Civil Code was amended to read Marriage is a solemn contract by which two persons are united in order to live together and mutually help each other b Human rights groups and LGBT activists welcomed the ruling with Christian Paula of the Pakta Foundation who had provided legal advice to several of the couples saying that the ruling implies that Ecuador is more egalitarian more just than yesterday and that it recognizes that human rights must fit all people without discrimination In particular LGBT activists noted that the wording used in the ruling would likely result in the legalisation of same sex marriage in numerous other Latin American nations under the jurisdiction of the IACHR The IACHR itself also welcomed the ruling 82 The Catholic Church expressed opposition to the ruling 83 In a national broadcast aired on 20 June President Lenin Moreno expressed his respect for the decision of the Constitutional Court saying our duty as citizens and my own as President is to respect the decisions of all the functions and organs of the State I maintain my absolute respect for what has been done by the Constitutional Court which is composed of serious and honest judges 84 The first same sex marriage occurred on 18 July in Guayaquil between Michelle Aviles and Alexandra Chavez 85 Statistics Edit 122 same sex marriages took place in Ecuador in the first year of legalisation 77 between male couples and 45 between lesbian couples 86 According to statistics from the civil registry 82 same sex marriages were performed in 2019 115 in 2020 and 240 in 2021 mostly in the provinces of Pichincha Guayas and Manabi There were also 5 same sex divorces during those three years No same sex marriages occurred in Bolivar Carchi Napo Orellana Pastaza Sucumbios and Zamora Chinchipe provinces 87 Public opinion EditAccording to a Pew Research Center survey conducted between 7 November 2013 and 26 January 2014 16 of Ecuadorians supported same sex marriage while 74 were opposed 88 89 According to the 2014 AmericasBarometer published in June 2015 16 5 of Ecuadorians were in favour of same sex marriage 90 The 2017 AmericasBarometer poll showed that 33 of Ecuadorians supported same sex marriage 91 A July 2019 survey conducted by the Vanderbilt University showed that 51 3 of the Ecuador public opposed same sex marriage 36 8 strongly The poll found a significant age gap 68 5 of the Silent Generation were opposed followed by 62 5 of Baby boomers 54 1 of Generation X 42 of Millennials and 16 7 of Generation Z 92 See also Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Same sex marriage in Ecuador LGBT rights in Ecuador Recognition of same sex unions in the Americas Same sex union court casesNotes Edit In Quechua Kawsankapa tinkunakuyka shuk kari shuk warmi mana sawarishka tantarishkallami tukun shinapash shuk ayllumi wallparin kayka shuk pachata arinishkakuna ukupi kamachiy shuk kutinlla nishkami kan Shinapash sawarishpa ayllu wallparishkakunapak haynikunata manayta charishkatami hapin Shukpak wawata wakchushpa winachinaka shuk kari shuk warmi sawarishka tantarishkapakllami kanka 18 19 In Shuar Tsaniniamuka chikichkijiainkiti ankant natsa ania tuke nuatnaikia atiniaiti umitiai umpuarma tana aintsank mashi nuatnaikiar matsatainia aintsank pujusartiniaiti Uchirimmiaka nuajai aishmank uchinkia tsakatmartin Ainiawai 20 Spanish Matrimonio es un contrato solemne por el cual dos personas se unen con el fin de vivir juntos y auxiliarse mutuamente References Edit Santamaria Coloma Milangela May 2016 Union de hecho entre personas del mismo sexo un derecho constitucional y legitima accion afirmativa desde la perspectiva de aplicacion en la normativa civil PDF Universidad Catolica de Santiago de Guayaquil in Spanish Archived PDF from the original on 12 July 2019 Retrieved 6 January 2021 in Spanish El Universo Los gays nos manejamos como familia Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 May 2013 in Spanish El Universo Uniones homosexuales en el pais son un hecho aun sin ley Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 May 2013 in Spanish Nueva Constitucion reconoce union gay y lesbica Archived 25 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 May 2013 CONSTITUCIoN DEL ECUADOR Archived 20 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine Shutting Down Clinics that Cure Homosexuality in Ecuador The Human Rights Brief Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law reported by Christina Fetterhoff 28 November 2011 Archived from the original on 2 January 2013 Retrieved 10 July 2018 Materville Studios Host of Windy City Times 9 April 2008 Ecuadorean president supports same sex partnerships Windycitymediagroup com Archived from the original on 10 July 2018 Retrieved 18 December 2011 in Spanish Presidente Correa Ecuador es un estado laico que debe respetar todas las creencias Archived 10 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 15 May 2013 in Spanish Apoyo al matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en America Latina Archived 20 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 17 January 2013 Ecuador Approves New Constitution Including Same Sex Civil Unions Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 17 January 2013 Ecuador s poor bank on referendum Archived 6 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine Bbc co uk 27 September 2008 Retrieved 17 January 2013 Ecuador s new constitution goes into effect HighBeam Research 20 October 2008 Archived from the original on 14 April 2017 Uniones gays ya son legales Vistazo com Archived from the original on 19 April 2012 Retrieved 10 February 2012 Jorge Alberto Chavez Reyes 20 September 2009 Se realizo primera union civil homosexual en Ecuador Blogdelimagay blogspot com Archived from the original on 9 October 2011 Retrieved 18 December 2011 Legalizacion de uniones homosexuales en Ecuador Elsalvador com Archived from the original on 15 June 2011 Retrieved 18 December 2011 Doce parejas homosexuales legalizaron su union de hecho en Ecuador Sentidog com 2 July 2010 Archived from the original on 10 September 2012 Retrieved 10 February 2012 Dos Manzanas 16 September 2009 Ecuador celebro la primera union de hecho entre personas del mismo sexo desatando la indignacion de la iglesia catolica Dosmanzanas com Archived from the original on 19 February 2012 Retrieved 18 December 2011 Ecuador Llaktapak Mamakamachiy PDF Universidad de Cuenca in Quechua Archived PDF from the original on 8 August 2017 Retrieved 20 January 2019 Constitucion del Ecuador Version Kichwa Archived 3 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine Scribd Constitucion de la Republica del Ecuador en Shuar Issuu Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 21 January 2019 REGISTRO DE UNIONES DE HECHO Ecuador ama la vida 11 September 2014 Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 18 October 2015 Lavers Michael K 23 April 2015 Ecuadorian lawmakers approve civil unions bill Washington Blade Gay News Politics LGBT Rights Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 10 May 2016 Ecuador reconoce la Union de Hecho Homosexual como un estado civil in Spanish ILGALAC Archived from the original on 28 January 2016 Retrieved 10 May 2016 Nr 526 PDF in Spanish Asamblea Nacional Archived PDF from the original on 4 April 2019 Retrieved 10 May 2016 Registro de las uniones de hecho en las cedulas sube un 80 en Ecuador El Universo in Spanish 26 May 2019 Archived from the original on 10 June 2019 Retrieved 20 November 2019 Art 67 Ecuador Constitution 2008 Pdba georgetown edu 11 July 2011 Archived from the original on 3 May 2019 Retrieved 18 December 2011 Lewis Sophie 13 June 2019 Ecuador s highest court legalizes same sex marriage CBS News Archived from the original on 21 June 2019 Retrieved 23 June 2019 in Spanish El Universo Hablan los Presidenciables Alberto Acosta Archived 5 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 13 February 2013 in Spanish El Universo Hablan los presidenciales Norman Wray Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 13 February 2013 in Spanish El Universo Hablan los Presidenciables Rafael Correa Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 13 February 2013 Rafael Correa En Ecuador hay criminales que quieren recuperar el poder RFI 9 January 2011 Archived from the original on 18 September 2020 Retrieved 29 May 2020 Neuman William 17 February 2013 President Correa Handily Wins Re election in Ecuador The New York Times Archived from the original on 3 May 2019 Retrieved 13 April 2013 Tiempo Casa Editorial El 23 May 2013 Correa descarta impulsar matrimonio gay en Ecuador en nuevo mandato El Tiempo Archived from the original on 3 December 2013 Retrieved 29 May 2020 Bodas LGBTI en Azuay carecen de valor juridico in Spanish El Telegrafo 8 March 2016 Archived from the original on 23 August 2017 Retrieved 15 March 2016 This province in Ecuador has just passed symbolic gay marriage Gay Star News 6 March 2016 Archived from the original on 1 April 2019 Retrieved 15 March 2016 Prefectura de Azuay aprueba matrimonio simbolico GLBTI in Spanish El Universo 4 March 2016 Archived from the original on 1 April 2019 Retrieved 15 March 2016 Primera boda simbolica GLBTI se dio en Azuay El Universo 30 June 2016 Archived from the original on 1 April 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2020 El amplio dialogo que plantea Paco Moncayo sobre el matrimonio igualitario Plan V 7 December 2016 Archived from the original on 10 July 2018 Retrieved 29 May 2020 Las razones por las que el matrimonio gay fue la papa caliente de los candidatos Plan V 13 February 2017 Archived from the original on 10 July 2018 Retrieved 29 May 2020 in Spanish Hoy La campana por el matrimonio igualitario arranco Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Telegrafo Lesbianas buscan hoy contraer matrimonio civil Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Universo Dos mujeres tramitan su matrimonio Archived 1 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish Hoy La lucha por el matrimonio civil igualitario continua Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish La Hora Pamela Troya Asi tenga 80 anos me casare Archived 24 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Comercio Pamela Troya y Gabriela Correa presentaran una accion de proteccion Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Telegrafo Pareja de lesbianas presenta hoy una accion de proteccion Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Universo Lesbianas critican demora en justicia Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Comercio Una segunda pareja homosexual intentara pedir solicitud de matrimonio en el Registro Civil Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Comercio Primer matrimonio gay se celebraria manana en Guayaquil Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish La Hora Matrimonio homosexual pedido fue receptado ayer Archived 24 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Telegrafo Pareja homosexual presento solicitud para contraer matrimonio Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Universo Pareja de gays pidio turno para casarse en el Registro Civil Archived 1 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish Hoy Un intento de matrimonio de homosexuales en Guayaquil Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Comercio Registro Civil dice que pareja gay no cumple requisitos para casarse Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 in Spanish El Universo Registro Civil nego matrimonio a gays Archived 1 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2013 Pretel Enrique Andres 10 January 2018 Latin American human rights court urges same sex marriage legalization Reuters Archived from the original on 2 June 2020 Retrieved 12 January 2018 Chinchilla Sofia Cambronero Natasha 9 January 2018 Corte Interamericana ordena abrir la puerta al matrimonio gay en Costa Rica in Spanish La Nacion Archived from the original on 2 June 2020 Retrieved 2 June 2020 Inter American Court endorses same sex marriage Yahoo7 Agence France Presse 9 January 2018 Archived from the original on 9 January 2018 Retrieved 9 January 2018 OPINIoN CONSULTIVA OC 24 17 DE 24 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2017SOLICITADA POR LA REPUBLICA DE COSTA RICA PDF in Spanish Inter American Court of Human Rights Archived PDF from the original on 2 June 2020 Retrieved 2 June 2020 Contesse Jorge 26 July 2018 The Inter American Court of Human Rights Advisory Opinion on Gender Identity and Same Sex Marriage American Society of International Law Archived from the original on 5 June 2020 Retrieved 5 June 2020 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE IACHR 2001 Annex III cidh org in Spanish Archived from the original on 26 February 2022 Retrieved 16 February 2021 Latin America countries urged to abide by landmark LGBT rights ruling Archived 1 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Washington Blade 15 January 2018 Ecuador court rules in favor of marriage equality for same sex couples Archived 12 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine ThinkProgress 5 July 2018 In historic move court rules Ecuador s same sex 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matrimonio civil igualitario en Ecuador un paso contra la discriminacion El Comercio in Spanish 17 June 2019 Archived from the original on 18 June 2019 Retrieved 18 June 2019 Iglesia catolica de Ecuador rechaza matrimonio igualitario El Universo in Spanish 13 June 2019 Archived from the original on 18 June 2019 Retrieved 18 June 2019 Moreno respeta decision de la CC sobre matrimonio igualitario El Telegrafo in Spanish 20 June 2019 Archived from the original on 22 June 2019 Retrieved 22 June 2019 Matrimonio igualitario Primera pareja LGBTI se casa en Ecuador Metro Ecuador in Spanish 18 July 2019 Archived from the original on 18 July 2019 Retrieved 18 July 2019 Mas de 120 matrimonios igualitarios se han registrado en el primer ano de vigencia en Ecuador eldiario es in Spanish 12 June 2020 Archived from the original on 22 June 2020 Retrieved 20 June 2020 Matrimonios LGBTI subieron en 2021 Expreso in Spanish 5 February 2022 Archived from the original on 12 March 2022 Retrieved 12 March 2022 Social Attitudes on Moral Issues in Latin America Pew Research Center 13 November 2014 Archived from the original on 20 April 2019 Retrieved 29 May 2020 Appendix A Methodology Pew Research Center 13 November 2014 Archived from the original on 10 October 2018 Retrieved 29 May 2020 AmericasBarometer Topical Brief 2 June 2015 PDF Archived PDF from the original on 31 August 2017 Retrieved 3 August 2018 CULTURA POLITICA DE LA DEMOCRACIA EN LA REPUBLICA DOMINICANA Y EN LAS AMERICAS 2016 17 PDF Archived PDF from the original on 19 April 2019 Retrieved 8 January 2019 El 51 3 de los ecuatorianos desaprueba el matrimonio igualitario segun encuesta El Mercurio in Spanish 24 July 2019 Archived from the original on 12 November 2020 Retrieved 25 July 2019 External links Edit CASO No 11 18 CN matrimonio igualitario PDF in Spanish Constitutional Court of Ecuador 12 June 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Same sex marriage in Ecuador amp oldid 1114784349, wikipedia, wiki, 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