fbpx
Wikipedia

Rafa al-Nasiri

January 01, 1970

Rafa al-Nasiri (b.1940 Tikrit, Iraq -7 December 2013 Amman, Jordan) was an Iraqi painter, draughtsman, print-maker, educator and author whose works with a social and political message resonated with the Iraqi public in the mid-20th century. He was also very influential in encouraging young artists to take up print-making.

Rafa al-Nasiri
Born1940
Tikrit, Iraq
Died7 December 2013
Amman, Jordan
NationalityIraqi
Education
  • Diploma in Painting, Institute of Fine Arts, Baghdad (1956-1959)
  • B.A. in Printmaking, Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing (1959-1963)
  • Diploma in Printmaking, The Gravura, Lisbon (1969)
  • International Summer Academy, Salzburg, Austria (1974-75)
Known forPainter, draughtsman, print-maker, educator and author
Spouse(s)May Muzaffar (poet and artist) m. 1973
WebsiteRafa Nasiri

Life and career edit

Born in Tikrit, Iraq, Rafa al-Nasiri received his early art education at Baghdad’s Institute of Fine Arts, attaining a Diploma in Painting in 1959. He then pursued his training in print-making by attending Beijing’s Central Academy of Fine Arts in China (1959-1963). The artist described how he became attached to Chinese art:[1]

"When the Chinese came to Baghdad in 1959 loaded with works of ivory, copper, silk, ceramics and printmaking, I was still a student in the last year of my studies at the Institute of Fine Arts. The most wonderful Chinese antiques and masterpieces were organised and displayed in the main hall of the Institute so we, the students, could see them dozens of times every day. What attracted our attention and made us marvel most was a beautiful masterpiece comprised of fourteen ivory balls of varying sizes, all contained inside one ball, revolving smoothly around their pivot. Personally, however, I was drawn to the collection of watercolours and Chinese ink prints. Most of these were by the internationally renowned artist Qi Baishi (1864-1954) [sic] whose work I closely followed in his hometown of Beijing. Since that time, I became quite attached to traditional Chinese painting and realised that it differs in many aspects from European art.

While studying in China, under the guidance of Huang Yu Yi (b. 1927), al-Nasiri developed a passion for calligraphy, and began to devise ways to include Arabic letters in his paintings and prints.[2] In this way, al-Nasiri became a very early practitioner of an art form that became known as hurufiyya.[3]

In 1965, after returning to Baghdad from China, he and two of his brothers, went on a road trip travelling through twenty-four Arab and European countries. During this time, he came into contact with Western art. Visiting prestigious museums such as the Museo del Prado, Louvre, British Museum, Rome’s Museum of Contemporary Art and Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, he was introduced to the works of Velazquez, Goya and El Greco, Rubens, Rembrandt, Turner amongst others and was deeply impressed by the Impressionists.[4]

Later, in 1967, he received a Gulbenkian Foundation scholarship to study print-making at the Gravura in Lisbon, Portugal.[5] There he was exposed to a variety of techniques used by contemporary European artists and was especially influenced by the work of the French artist, Georges Mathieu (b. 1921) who used calligraphy in his artwork. This consolidated his interest in the use of Arabic letters in his own artwork.[6]

Along with other eminent Iraqi artists including: Dia al-Azzawi, Shakir Hassan Al Said, Ismail Fattah and Kadhim Hayder, Al-Nasiri was a major proponent of the pan-Arab modern art movement that gained momentum during the 1970s. At that time, Baghdad was the centre of contemporary art and culture in the Arab world, and spawned many organised art groups, many of which had deep philosophical underpinnings enshrined in published manifestoes.[7] Al-Nasiri became actively involved in a number of these groups. He was a founding member of the Baghdad's New Vision Group, formed during the 1960s;[8] an art collective that formed after the July Revolution of 1958, with the aim of encouraging artists to exercise greater freedom and experimentation by searching for inspiration in a variety of sources, but within a framework of heritage.[9] He was also a founding member of the influential One Dimension Group founded in 1971 by Shakir Hassan Al Said.[10]

He taught at the Institute of Fine Arts in Baghdad (from 1964), Yarmouk University in Jordan (1974-1989), and the University of Bahrain (1997-2003), and played an instrumental role in founding the print-making studio at Jordan’s Darat al Funun during the early 1990s[11] where he set up the studio, ran courses and also organised exhibitions and was its inaugural Director. He held that post from 1993-1995.[12]

He also authored a number of articles and books on the subject of graphic engraving and print-making. Through his teaching, active involvement in art groups and his writing, al-Nasiri "influenced the subsequent generations and played an instrumental role in the development of a strong tradition of Iraqi print-making."[13]

In the 1990s, he settled in Jordan and died in Amman on 7 December 2013. He was survived by his widow; the poet and artist May Muzaffar.[14]

Work edit

In addition to his paintings and prints, Al Nasiri was interested in book art and produced a number of limited edition works, some of which detailed his experiences living in war-torn Baghdad (e.g., Al Mutanabi Street). He also expressed his admiration for Iraq's 13th-century poets by producing art books art featuring Arabic calligraphy and with compilations of verse by renowned classical and contemporary Arab poets such as al-Mutannabi and Mahmoud Darwish.[15] He also authored several books and a number of journal articles on the history of graphic art.[16]

His work is held in the permanent collections of a number of prestigious art museums in the Middle East, Asia and Europe, including: the Museum of Modern Art, Baghdad; Museum of Modern Art, Damascus; Jordan National Museum of Fine Arts, Amman; Darat Al Funun, Khalid Shoman Foundation, Amman; Mathaf Museum of Arab Art, Qatar; Barjeel Foundation, Al Sharja, UAE; Institute Du Monde Arabe, Paris; Modern Art Museum, Madrid; Museum of Contemporary Graphic Art, Norway; Collection of the International Academy, Salzburg; Collection of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing; Gravura, Lisbon, (Gulbenkian Foundation); The British Museum, London and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

Select list of paintings and prints

  • Al Ahwar Girl, [The Girl from the Marshes], 1965
  • From That Distant Land, collection of poetry by Mayy Muzaffar (limited edition art book)
  • Seven Days in Baghdad art book, mixed media on paper, 2007
  • Al Mutanabi Street mixed media on hinged wood, 2007

Select list of exhibitions

  • Strokes of Genius: Contemporary Iraqi Art touring exhibition, opened in London, 2000
  • Dafatir: Contemporary Iraqi Book Art, touring exhibition, opened University of North Texas, USA, 2005[17]
  • Word into Art: Artists of the Modern Middle East, 18 May- 26 September 2006, curated by the British Museum, London; travelling exhibition also at the Dubai Financial Centre, 7 February – 30 April 2008[18]

Select list of publications

His key writings include:[19]

  • Contemporary Graphic Art, (in Arabic), Beirut, Arab Institute for Research and Publishing, 1997
  • Horizons and Mirrors: Essays on Plastic Art, (in Arabic), Beirut, Arab Institute for Research and Publishing, 2005 ISBN 9953-36-798-1
  • My Journey to China, Beirut, Arab Institute for Research and Publishing, 2012, ISBN 978 6144 191071
  • "Arab Graphics," Ur, vol. 1, 1983, pp 12–17
  • "Contemporary Iraqi Poster," Gilgamesh: A Journal of Modern Art, vol. 3, 1982, pp 6–12
  • "Modern Iraqi Graphic Art," Gilgamesh: A Journal of Modern Art, vol. 1, 1987, pp 13–17
  • "Survival through Art and the Art of Survival," International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, vol. 3, no. 3, 2009, pp 259–175

Prizes and awards edit

Al Nasiri was awarded a number of prestigious art prizes:[20]

  • The Honors Prize at the 4th International Graphics Biennale, Fredrickstad (Norway) 1978
  • The Jury Prize at the International Painting Exhibition, Cagnes-sur-mer (France) 1977
  • The Honors Prize at the International Summer Academy, Salzburg (Austria) 1974
  • First Prize at the Baghdad International Festival of Art, Baghdad (Iraq) 1986

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Al-Nasiri, E. "My Visual Resources: Place and Time Between East and West," in: Dia Al-Azzawi, Rafa Al-Nasiri, Ali Talib, Art in Iraq Today: Part IV [Catalogue for the Exhibition, Art In Iraq Today, held at the Meem Gallery, Dubai, 13 March-18 April 2011], Meem Gallery and Art Advisory Associates Ltd, Dubai, 2011, ISBN 978-1-907051-09-8
  2. ^ Porter, V, Word into Art: Artists of the Modern Middle East, London, BMP, (2006) 2008; "Rafa al-Nasiri" [Biographical Notes], Station Museum, Online:
  3. ^ Ali, W., Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity, University of Florida Press, 1997, pp 165-66; Dadi, I., "Ibrahim El Salahi and Calligraphic Modernism in a Comparative Perspective," South Atlantic Quarterly. Vol. 109, No. 3, 2010, pp 555-576, DOI: 10.1215/00382876-2010-006
  4. ^ Al-Nasiri, E. "My Visual Resources: Place and Time Between East and West," in: Dia Al-Azzawi, Rafa Al-Nasiri, Ali Talib, Art in Iraq Today: Part IV [Catalogue for the Exhibition, Art In Iraq Today, held at the Meem Gallery, Dubai, 13 March-18 April 2011], Meem Gallery and Art Advisory Associates Ltd, Dubai, 2011, ISBN 978-1-907051-09-8
  5. ^ Shabout, N., "Nasiri, Rafa al- (1940–2013)," in Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism, Routledge, 2016, DOI: 10.4324/9781135000356-REM487-1 Online:
  6. ^ Al-Nasiri, E. "My Visual Resources: Place and Time Between East and West," in: Dia Al-Azzawi, Rafa Al-Nasiri, Ali Talib, Art in Iraq Today: Part IV [Catalogue for the Exhibition, Art In Iraq Today, held at the Meem Gallery, Dubai, 13 March-18 April 2011], Meem Gallery and Art Advisory Associates Ltd, Dubai, 2011, ISBN 978-1-907051-09-8
  7. ^ Siba Aldabbagh, "From Yahya Alwasiti to Hafidh Aldroubi to Rafa Alnasira: Building Bridges," Contemporary Practice Art Journal, Vol. XI, pp 74-77, Online:; "Rafa al-Nasiri," [Obituary], 18 December 2013, Online: "Tikrit-born artist Rafa Al-Nasiri passes away at the age of 73 in Amman, Jordan," [Obituary], Art Daily, 18 December 2013, Online:
  8. ^ Siba Aldabbagh, "From Yahya Alwasiti to Hafidh Aldroubi to Rafa Alnasira: Building Bridges," Contemporary Practice Art Journal, Vol. XI, pp 74-77, Online:
  9. ^ Ministry of Culture and Arts, Culture and arts in Iraq: Celebrating the Tenth Anniversary of the July 17–30 Revolution, The Ministry, Iraq, 1978, p. 26; Ghareeb, E.A. and Dougherty, B., Historical Dictionary of Iraq, Scarecrow Press, 2004, p. 174
  10. ^ Treichl, C., Art and Language: Explorations in (Post) Modern Thought and Visual Culture, Kassel University Press, 2017, p.117
  11. ^ Barjeel Foundation, Online"
  12. ^ Darat al Funun, Online:
  13. ^ Shabout, N., "Nasiri, Rafa al- (1940–2013)," in Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism, Routledge, 2016, DOI: 10.4324/9781135000356-REM487-1 Online:
  14. ^ "Rafa al-Nasiri," [Obituary], 18 December 2013, Online: "Tikrit-born artist Rafa Al-Nasiri passes away at the age of 73 in Amman, Jordan," [Obituary], Art Daily, 18 December 2013, Online:
  15. ^ Intellect Books, Cultural Studies, Intellect Books, 2013, p. 1995
  16. ^ Bleicher, S., Contemporary Color: Theory and Use, Cengage Learning, 2012 p. 190; "Rafa al-Nasiri," [Biographical Notes], Barjeel Foundation Online:; Amirsadeghi, G, Mikdadi, S., Shabout, N.M. New Vision: Arab Contemporary Art in the 21st Century, Thames & Hudson, 2009, pages 31 and 41-42
  17. ^ Intellect Books, Cultural Studies, Intellect Books, 2013, p. 1995
  18. ^ British Museum, "Word into Art" Online:
  19. ^ Nabad Art Gallery, Online:; Sinclair, S., Bibliography of Art and Architecture in the Islamic World, Brill, 2012, p. 654
  20. ^ Nabad Art Gallery, Online:

External links edit

  • Modern Art Archive - Digital resource developed and maintained by Iraqi artists and includes reproductions of artworks, many of which were looted from the Museum of Modern Art in 2003 and remain missing. These works are not accessible in any other reliable public source.

Further reading edit

  • Sabah Al Nassiri and May Muzafar, Rafa al-Nasiri: His Life & Art, The Arab Institute for Research and Publishing, 2010
  • May Muzaffar, Rafa Nasiri: 50 Years of Printmaking, Milan, Skira, 2013, ISBN 978-88-572-2023-9

January 01, 1970
rafa, nasiri, 1940, tikrit, iraq, december, 2013, amman, jordan, iraqi, painter, draughtsman, print, maker, educator, author, whose, works, with, social, political, message, resonated, with, iraqi, public, 20th, century, also, very, influential, encouraging, y. Rafa al Nasiri b 1940 Tikrit Iraq 7 December 2013 Amman Jordan was an Iraqi painter draughtsman print maker educator and author whose works with a social and political message resonated with the Iraqi public in the mid 20th century He was also very influential in encouraging young artists to take up print making Rafa al NasiriBorn1940Tikrit IraqDied7 December 2013Amman JordanNationalityIraqiEducationDiploma in Painting Institute of Fine Arts Baghdad 1956 1959 B A in Printmaking Central Academy of Fine Arts Beijing 1959 1963 Diploma in Printmaking The Gravura Lisbon 1969 International Summer Academy Salzburg Austria 1974 75 Known forPainter draughtsman print maker educator and authorSpouse s May Muzaffar poet and artist m 1973WebsiteRafa Nasiri Contents 1 Life and career 2 Work 2 1 Prizes and awards 3 See also 4 References 5 External links 6 Further readingLife and career editBorn in Tikrit Iraq Rafa al Nasiri received his early art education at Baghdad s Institute of Fine Arts attaining a Diploma in Painting in 1959 He then pursued his training in print making by attending Beijing s Central Academy of Fine Arts in China 1959 1963 The artist described how he became attached to Chinese art 1 When the Chinese came to Baghdad in 1959 loaded with works of ivory copper silk ceramics and printmaking I was still a student in the last year of my studies at the Institute of Fine Arts The most wonderful Chinese antiques and masterpieces were organised and displayed in the main hall of the Institute so we the students could see them dozens of times every day What attracted our attention and made us marvel most was a beautiful masterpiece comprised of fourteen ivory balls of varying sizes all contained inside one ball revolving smoothly around their pivot Personally however I was drawn to the collection of watercolours and Chinese ink prints Most of these were by the internationally renowned artist Qi Baishi 1864 1954 sic whose work I closely followed in his hometown of Beijing Since that time I became quite attached to traditional Chinese painting and realised that it differs in many aspects from European art While studying in China under the guidance of Huang Yu Yi b 1927 al Nasiri developed a passion for calligraphy and began to devise ways to include Arabic letters in his paintings and prints 2 In this way al Nasiri became a very early practitioner of an art form that became known as hurufiyya 3 In 1965 after returning to Baghdad from China he and two of his brothers went on a road trip travelling through twenty four Arab and European countries During this time he came into contact with Western art Visiting prestigious museums such as the Museo del Prado Louvre British Museum Rome s Museum of Contemporary Art and Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam he was introduced to the works of Velazquez Goya and El Greco Rubens Rembrandt Turner amongst others and was deeply impressed by the Impressionists 4 Later in 1967 he received a Gulbenkian Foundation scholarship to study print making at the Gravura in Lisbon Portugal 5 There he was exposed to a variety of techniques used by contemporary European artists and was especially influenced by the work of the French artist Georges Mathieu b 1921 who used calligraphy in his artwork This consolidated his interest in the use of Arabic letters in his own artwork 6 Along with other eminent Iraqi artists including Dia al Azzawi Shakir Hassan Al Said Ismail Fattah and Kadhim Hayder Al Nasiri was a major proponent of the pan Arab modern art movement that gained momentum during the 1970s At that time Baghdad was the centre of contemporary art and culture in the Arab world and spawned many organised art groups many of which had deep philosophical underpinnings enshrined in published manifestoes 7 Al Nasiri became actively involved in a number of these groups He was a founding member of the Baghdad s New Vision Group formed during the 1960s 8 an art collective that formed after the July Revolution of 1958 with the aim of encouraging artists to exercise greater freedom and experimentation by searching for inspiration in a variety of sources but within a framework of heritage 9 He was also a founding member of the influential One Dimension Group founded in 1971 by Shakir Hassan Al Said 10 He taught at the Institute of Fine Arts in Baghdad from 1964 Yarmouk University in Jordan 1974 1989 and the University of Bahrain 1997 2003 and played an instrumental role in founding the print making studio at Jordan s Darat al Funun during the early 1990s 11 where he set up the studio ran courses and also organised exhibitions and was its inaugural Director He held that post from 1993 1995 12 He also authored a number of articles and books on the subject of graphic engraving and print making Through his teaching active involvement in art groups and his writing al Nasiri influenced the subsequent generations and played an instrumental role in the development of a strong tradition of Iraqi print making 13 In the 1990s he settled in Jordan and died in Amman on 7 December 2013 He was survived by his widow the poet and artist May Muzaffar 14 Work editIn addition to his paintings and prints Al Nasiri was interested in book art and produced a number of limited edition works some of which detailed his experiences living in war torn Baghdad e g Al Mutanabi Street He also expressed his admiration for Iraq s 13th century poets by producing art books art featuring Arabic calligraphy and with compilations of verse by renowned classical and contemporary Arab poets such as al Mutannabi and Mahmoud Darwish 15 He also authored several books and a number of journal articles on the history of graphic art 16 His work is held in the permanent collections of a number of prestigious art museums in the Middle East Asia and Europe including the Museum of Modern Art Baghdad Museum of Modern Art Damascus Jordan National Museum of Fine Arts Amman Darat Al Funun Khalid Shoman Foundation Amman Mathaf Museum of Arab Art Qatar Barjeel Foundation Al Sharja UAE Institute Du Monde Arabe Paris Modern Art Museum Madrid Museum of Contemporary Graphic Art Norway Collection of the International Academy Salzburg Collection of the Central Academy of Fine Arts Beijing Gravura Lisbon Gulbenkian Foundation The British Museum London and the Victoria and Albert Museum London Select list of paintings and prints Al Ahwar Girl The Girl from the Marshes 1965 From That Distant Land collection of poetry by Mayy Muzaffar limited edition art book Seven Days in Baghdad art book mixed media on paper 2007 Al Mutanabi Street mixed media on hinged wood 2007 Select list of exhibitions Strokes of Genius Contemporary Iraqi Art touring exhibition opened in London 2000 Dafatir Contemporary Iraqi Book Art touring exhibition opened University of North Texas USA 2005 17 Word into Art Artists of the Modern Middle East 18 May 26 September 2006 curated by the British Museum London travelling exhibition also at the Dubai Financial Centre 7 February 30 April 2008 18 Select list of publicationsHis key writings include 19 Contemporary Graphic Art in Arabic Beirut Arab Institute for Research and Publishing 1997 Horizons and Mirrors Essays on Plastic Art in Arabic Beirut Arab Institute for Research and Publishing 2005 ISBN 9953 36 798 1 My Journey to China Beirut Arab Institute for Research and Publishing 2012 ISBN 978 6144 191071 Arab Graphics Ur vol 1 1983 pp 12 17 Contemporary Iraqi Poster Gilgamesh A Journal of Modern Art vol 3 1982 pp 6 12 Modern Iraqi Graphic Art Gilgamesh A Journal of Modern Art vol 1 1987 pp 13 17 Survival through Art and the Art of Survival International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies vol 3 no 3 2009 pp 259 175 Prizes and awards edit Al Nasiri was awarded a number of prestigious art prizes 20 The Honors Prize at the 4th International Graphics Biennale Fredrickstad Norway 1978 The Jury Prize at the International Painting Exhibition Cagnes sur mer France 1977 The Honors Prize at the International Summer Academy Salzburg Austria 1974 First Prize at the Baghdad International Festival of Art Baghdad Iraq 1986See also editHurufiyya movement Iraqi art Islamic art Islamic calligraphy List of Iraqi artistsReferences edit Al Nasiri E My Visual Resources Place and Time Between East and West in Dia Al Azzawi Rafa Al Nasiri Ali Talib Art in Iraq Today Part IV Catalogue for the Exhibition Art In Iraq Today held at the Meem Gallery Dubai 13 March 18 April 2011 Meem Gallery and Art Advisory Associates Ltd Dubai 2011 ISBN 978 1 907051 09 8 Porter V Word into Art Artists of the Modern Middle East London BMP 2006 2008 Rafa al Nasiri Biographical Notes Station Museum Online Ali W Modern Islamic Art Development and Continuity University of Florida Press 1997 pp 165 66 Dadi I Ibrahim El Salahi and Calligraphic Modernism in a Comparative Perspective South Atlantic Quarterly Vol 109 No 3 2010 pp 555 576 DOI 10 1215 00382876 2010 006 Al Nasiri E My Visual Resources Place and Time Between East and West in Dia Al Azzawi Rafa Al Nasiri Ali Talib Art in Iraq Today Part IV Catalogue for the Exhibition Art In Iraq Today held at the Meem Gallery Dubai 13 March 18 April 2011 Meem Gallery and Art Advisory Associates Ltd Dubai 2011 ISBN 978 1 907051 09 8 Shabout N Nasiri Rafa al 1940 2013 in Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism Routledge 2016 DOI 10 4324 9781135000356 REM487 1 Online Al Nasiri E My Visual Resources Place and Time Between East and West in Dia Al Azzawi Rafa Al Nasiri Ali Talib Art in Iraq Today Part IV Catalogue for the Exhibition Art In Iraq Today held at the Meem Gallery Dubai 13 March 18 April 2011 Meem Gallery and Art Advisory Associates Ltd Dubai 2011 ISBN 978 1 907051 09 8 Siba Aldabbagh From Yahya Alwasiti to Hafidh Aldroubi to Rafa Alnasira Building Bridges Contemporary Practice Art Journal Vol XI pp 74 77 Online Rafa al Nasiri Obituary 18 December 2013 Online Tikrit born artist Rafa Al Nasiri passes away at the age of 73 in Amman Jordan Obituary Art Daily 18 December 2013 Online Siba Aldabbagh From Yahya Alwasiti to Hafidh Aldroubi to Rafa Alnasira Building Bridges Contemporary Practice Art Journal Vol XI pp 74 77 Online Ministry of Culture and Arts Culture and arts in Iraq Celebrating the Tenth Anniversary of the July 17 30 Revolution The Ministry Iraq 1978 p 26 Ghareeb E A and Dougherty B Historical Dictionary of Iraq Scarecrow Press 2004 p 174 Treichl C Art and Language Explorations in Post Modern Thought and Visual Culture Kassel University Press 2017 p 117 Barjeel Foundation Online Darat al Funun Online Shabout N Nasiri Rafa al 1940 2013 in Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism Routledge 2016 DOI 10 4324 9781135000356 REM487 1 Online Rafa al Nasiri Obituary 18 December 2013 Online Tikrit born artist Rafa Al Nasiri passes away at the age of 73 in Amman Jordan Obituary Art Daily 18 December 2013 Online Intellect Books Cultural Studies Intellect Books 2013 p 1995 Bleicher S Contemporary Color Theory and Use Cengage Learning 2012 p 190 Rafa al Nasiri Biographical Notes Barjeel Foundation Online Amirsadeghi G Mikdadi S Shabout N M New Vision Arab Contemporary Art in the 21st Century Thames amp Hudson 2009 pages 31 and 41 42 Intellect Books Cultural Studies Intellect Books 2013 p 1995 British Museum Word into Art Online Nabad Art Gallery Online Sinclair S Bibliography of Art and Architecture in the Islamic World Brill 2012 p 654 Nabad Art Gallery Online External links editModern Art Archive Digital resource developed and maintained by Iraqi artists and includes reproductions of artworks many of which were looted from the Museum of Modern Art in 2003 and remain missing These works are not accessible in any other reliable public source Further reading editSabah Al Nassiri and May Muzafar Rafa al Nasiri His Life amp Art The Arab Institute for Research and Publishing 2010 May Muzaffar Rafa Nasiri 50 Years of Printmaking Milan Skira 2013 ISBN 978 88 572 2023 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rafa al Nasiri amp oldid 1079998430, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.