Swan Hunter
Swan Hunter, formerly known as Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, is a shipbuilding design, engineering, and management company,[1] based in Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England.
| Type | Private |
|---|---|
| Industry | Shipbuilding Naval architecture Offshore installation services |
| Founded | 1880 |
| Headquarters | Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England |
Key people | Gerard Kroese, (Director) |
Number of employees | 25 including contractors (2017) |
| Website | swanhunter |
At its apex, the company represented the combined forces of three powerful shipbuilding families: Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson.
The company was responsible for some of the greatest ships of the early 20th century, most famously RMS Mauretania which held the Blue Riband for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic, and RMS Carpathia which rescued survivors from RMS Titanic.
In 2006 Swan Hunter ceased vessel construction on Tyneside, but continues to provide design engineering services.
History
Swan & Hunter was founded by George Burton Hunter, who formed a partnership with the widow of Charles Sheridan Swan (the owner of a Wallsend Shipbuilding business established in 1852 by Charles Mitchell)[2] under the name in 1880.[3]
In 1903, C.S. Swan & Hunter merged with Wigham Richardson (founded by John Wigham Richardson as Neptune Works in 1860), specifically to bid for the important contract to build RMS Mauretania on behalf of Cunard.[4] Their bid was successful, and the new company, Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd, went on to build what was to become, in its day, the most famous oceangoing liner in the world. Also in 1903 the Company took a controlling interest in the Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Company, which was an early licensed manufacturer of Parsons steam turbine engines, which enabled Mauretania to achieve her great speed.[5] Mauretania was launched from Wallsend on 20 September 1906 by the Duchess of Roxburghe.[6] The firm expanded rapidly in the early part of the twentieth century, acquiring the Glasgow-based Barclay Curle in 1912.[5]
In 1966, Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson merged with Smiths Dock Company to form Associated Shipbuilders, which later became Swan Hunter Group.[7] Following the publication of the Geddes Report recommending rationalisation in British shipbuilding, the Company went on to acquire Clelands Shipbuilding Company[8] and John Readhead & Sons in 1967.[9] Meanwhile, Swan Hunter inherited both the Naval Yard at High Walker on the River Tyne of Vickers-Armstrongs[8] and the Hebburn Yard of Hawthorn Leslie in 1968.[9] In 1973 further expansion came with the purchase of Palmers Dock at Hebburn from Vickers-Armstrongs.[10]
Then in 1977, Swan Hunter Group was nationalised as part of British Shipbuilders.[7] The former flagship of the Royal Navy, HMS Ark Royal was built at Swan Hunter during this period, entering service in 1985.[11]
The Company was privatised again in 1987 but decided to close its Neptune Yard in 1988.[12] It was then forced to call in the receivers when the UK government awarded the contract for HMS Ocean to Kvaerner Govan in 1993.[13] The receiver took steps to break up the business.[14] However, the main shipyard in Wallsend was bought out from receivership by Jaap Kroese, a Dutch millionaire.[7] The yard subsequently undertook several ad-hoc ship repair and conversion projects for private-sector customers.[15]
In 2000, Swan Hunter was awarded the contract to design and build two (Auxiliary) Landing Ship Dock ships for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary with two other ships being built by BAE Systems Naval Ships: the cost of the two Swan Hunter ships was to be £210 million including £62 million for lead yard services, with an inservice date of 2004.[16] By July 2006, the costs had risen to £309 million and only one ship had been delivered. As result of this, the second ship RFA Lyme Bay was transferred to BAE Systems Govan in Glasgow for completion.[17]
In 2001, Swan Hunter acquired Kværner's Port Clarence offshore yard at Teesside[18] but then in 2006 sold it to Wilton Engineering Group.[19]
In November 2006, after the failure to complete Lyme Bay within budget and resulting exclusion from future Royal Navy shipbuilding projects, Jaap Kroese announced that the business was effectively finished and placed the Wallsend Yard's iconic cranes up for sale. He also said that he was actively looking for a buyer for the land.[20] During this time, Lyme Bay's earlier sister ship, Largs Bay, was noted as the last ship to be built and fully completed by Swan Hunter. In April 2007, Swan Hunter's cranes, along with its floating dock and other equipment, were sold to Bharati Shipyards, India's second-largest private-sector shipbuilder. The entire plant machinery and equipment from Swan Hunter was dismantled and transported to India over six months to be rebuilt at Bharati Shipyards.[21]
Swan's performed the conceptual design of Pioneering Spirit, provisionally named Pieter Schelte, the world's largest platform installation/decommissioning and pipelay vessel. The basic design of the lifting systems was completed by the end of 2008, and detail design of the hulls by May 2010.[22]
In 2008, the company said it was concentrating on ship design with just under 200 people employed.[1][23]
In 2016, Jaap Kroese died but the company said it would continue with its business of ship design. At the time, the company had 40 employees and contractors.[24]
Also in 2016, Swan Hunter was relaunched into the subsea industry by Gerard Kroese, the eldest son of former owner Jaap Kroese. Swan Hunter started to offer specialist equipment, design, engineering & project management services to the offshore renewables and subsea oil & gas energy markets.[25] On 12 October 2016, the company announced the issue of a letter of intent for the design and build of a basket carousel loading tower.[26] The company announced further equipment pool growth through a 15Te tensioner and 450Te reel drive system.[27] Swan Hunter announced loading tower readiness on 5 May 2017[28] with completion of mobilisation onto EMAS Chiyoda Subsea's multi-lay vessel 'Lewek Constellation' shortly thereafter.[29]
Operations
The Company owned three main yards:
- The Neptune Yard at Walker-on-Tyne inherited from Wigham Richardson (opened in 1860 and closed in 1988)
- The Wallsend West Yard at Wallsend inherited from Charles Sheridan Swan (opened in 1842 and closed in 2006)
- The Naval Yard at High Walker inherited from Vickers-Armstrongs (opened in 1912 and closed during the 1980s)
All three were on the north side of River Tyne. The company also owned the Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Company, the yard that built the engines for the Mauretania, from 1903 until the 1980s. At various times Swan Hunter also owned Palmers Hebburn Yard, Hawthorn Leslie Hebburn Yard and Readheads at South Shields which were all on the south side of the River Tyne.
Ships built by Swan Hunter
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2009) |
Naval vessels
- Centaur-class aircraft carrier
- Invincible-class aircraft carriers
- Colossus-class aircraft carrier
- Nairana-class escort carrier
- King George V-class battleship
- HMS Anson (1942)
- Town-class cruiser
- HMS Edinburgh (1938)
- Crown Colony-class cruisers
- HMS Gambia (1940)
- HMS Mauritius (1941)
- Acorn-class destroyer
- Battle-class destroyers
- Daring-class destroyer
- Hunt-class destroyers
- Tribal-class destroyer
- A-class destroyers
- B-class destroyers
- E-class destroyers
- H-class destroyers
- J-class destroyer
- K-class destroyer
- M-class destroyer
- HMS Marmion
- HMS Martial
- HMS Mary Rose
- HMS Matchless
- HMS Menace
- HMS Nessus
- HMS Nestor
- HMS Pasley
- U and V-class destroyer
- V-class destroyers
- W-class destroyers
- Type 82 destroyer
- Type 42 destroyers
- Type 14 (or Blackwood-class) anti-submarine frigates
- Type 22 frigates
- Type 23 frigates
- Hastings-class sloop
- Ness-class combat stores ship
- Fort Victoria-class replenishment oiler
- Rover-class tankers
- RFA Black Rover (1973)
- RFA Gold Rover (1973)
- Bay-class landing ships
- RFA Largs Bay
- RFA Lyme Bay – Completed by BAE Systems
- IRIS Kharg (1977)
Commercial vessels
- Abukir (1920)
- Achiever (circa 1984)
- Afrique (1907)
- Antarctic (1913)
- Arawa (1907)
- Ariosto (1940)[30]
- Atlantic Causeway (1969)
- Atlantic Conveyor (1970)
- Augustina (1927)
- Aurania (1916)
- Ascania (1911)
- Badagry Palm (1) (1956)
- Bamenda Palm (1) (1958)
- Bello (1930)
- British Admiral (1917)
- British Character (1941)
- British Coast (1919)[31]
- British Colony (1927)
- British Diligence (1937)
- British Dominion (1928)
- British Empress (1917)
- British Endurance (1936)
- British Fame (1936)
- British Fusilier (1923)
- British Governor (1926)
- British Gratitude (1942)
- British Grenadier (1922)
- British Gunner (1922)
- British Harmony (1941)
- British Hussar (1923)
- British Influence (1939)
- British Motorist (1924)
- British Petrol (1925)
- British Pluck (1928)
- British Resolution (1937)
- British Respect (1943)
- British Sailor (1918)
- British Scout (1922)
- British Star (1918)
- British Tenacity (1939)
- British Thrift (1928)
- British Union (1927)
- British Virtue (1945)
- British Viscount (1921)
- CA Larsen (1913)
- RMS Carpathia (1902)
- City of Canterbury (1922)[32]
- City of Lyons (1926)
- City of Oxford (1926)[33]
- City of Paris (1922)
- Corte (1906)
- Coslar (1906)
- Derbyshire (1976)
- Dimboola (1912)
- QSMV Dominion Monarch (1938)
- TSS Dover (1965)
- Duntroon (1935)
- Dwarka (1947)
- Elmina Palm (1957)
- Enugu Palm (1958)
- Franconia (1910)
- Frontenac (1928)
- Germanic (1931)[34]
- Ghandara (circa 1976)
- Ibadan Palm (1959)
- Ikeja Palm (1961)
- Ilesha Palm (1961)
- Ilorin Palm (1959)
- Inanda (1925)[35]
- Imbricaria (1935)
- Ivernia (1899)
- Jean Brillant (1935)
- Kano Palm (1958)
- Katsina Palm (1957)
- Kittiwake (1906)
- RMS Knight of Malta (1929)
- Kowloon Bridge (1973)
- Kyle (1913)
- RMS Laconia (1911)
- RMS Laconia (1921)
- Lagos Palm (1961)
- TS Leda (1952)
- Lida (1938)
- Lindenfels (1906)
- Lobito Palm (1960)
- Lowenburg (1907)
- Matadi Palm (1970)
- RMS Mauretania (1906)
- Megantic (1962)
- Miraflores (1921)[36]
- Mitra (1912)
- Moyra (1931)
- Mytilus (1916)
- Neverita (1944)
- Nidarnes (1926)[37]
- Northenden (1886) For Manchester Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway - later Great Central Railway
- Opopo Palm (1942)
- Port Adelaide (1911)
- Port Alma (1928)
- Port Auckland (1949)
- Port Brisbane (1949)
- Port Chalmers (1933)
- Port Elliot (1910)
- Port Fairy (1928)
- Port Gisborne (1927)
- Port Halifax (1937)
- Port Hobart (1925)
- Port Huon (1927)
- Port Jackson (1937)
- Port Lincoln (1946)
- Port Macquarie (1944)
- Port Napier (1940)
- Port New Plymouth (1960)
- Port Phillip (1942)
- Port Pirie (1947)
- Port Sydney (1955)
- Port Townsville (1935)
- Port Victor (1942)
- Port Vindex (1944)
- Powerful (1903)[38]
- Prince George (1910)
- Prince Rupert (1910)
- Príncipe Perfeito (1961)
- Provence (1951)
- Ranella (1912)[39]
- TEV Rangatira (1971)
- Rauenfels (1907)
- Reina Victoria-Eugenia (1912)
- Rosalind (1890)
- Saint Clair (1929)[40]
- Sir Parkes (1951)
- South Africa (1930)[41]
- Spartan (1890)
- Stephano (1965)
- Toiler (1910)[42]
- Venezia (1907)
- Victoria (1902)
- Vikingen III (1929)
- Vistafjord (1972)
- Volo (1938)
- Waterford (1912)
- SS Warrington (1886) For Manchester Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway – later Great Central Railway)
- Zenda (1932)
Cable ships
- Alert
- All America
- Ariel
- Bullfinch
- Bullfrog
- Bullhead
- Cambria
- Colonia
- Dominia
- Edward Wilshaw
- Emile Baudot
- Guardian
- Iris
- John W. Mackay
- Lord Kelvin
- Marie Louise Mackay
- Monarch
- Pacific Guardian (1984)
- Patrol
- Recorder
- Sir Eric Sharp (Launched 1988 – renamed CS IT Intrepid )
- St. Margarets
- Stanley Angwin
- Telconia
Bulk Carrier
- Hoegh Duke (1984)
- Robkap IV (1977)
- Liverpool Bridge Renamed to the MV Derbyshire (1976)
Research Vessels
- CSS Acadia (1913)
- HMCS Cartier (later renamed HMCS Charny)
- RRS James Clark Ross Polar survey
Tankers
- Shell Supplier (1946)
- ARA Punta Médanos (1950)
- Velutina (1950)
- Velletia (1952)
- Helix (1953)
- Helcion (1954)
- Heldia (1955)
- Helisoma (1956)
- Volvula (1956)
- Llanishen (1957)
- Zaphon (1957)
- Varicella (1959)
- Solen (1961)
- Ottawa (1964)
- Sir Winston Churchill (1964)
- Clementine Churchill (1965)
- Narica (1967)
- Nacella (1968)
- Esso Northumbria (1969)
- Esso Hibernia (1970)
- Texaco Great Britain (1971)
- London Lion (1972)
- World Unicorn (1973)
- Windsor Lion (1974)
- Tyne Pride (1975)
- Everett F. Wells (1976)
- BP Achiever (1983)
Battleship Potemkin
On 1 May 2006, British pop-duo Pet Shop Boys performed their soundtrack to the 1925 Soviet silent-film Battleship Potemkin alongside the Royal Northern Sinfonia at the shipyard.[43]
See also
References
- ^ a b . Archived from the original on 11 June 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ "History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy - Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Ltd". Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ a b . Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ Maxtone-Graham, John (1972), Page 25, The Only Way to Cross. New York: Collier Books, ISBN 978-0-7607-0637-4
- ^ a b c Fears for Tyneside tradition as Swan Hunter ship is towed to Govan for completion Guardian, 15 July 2006
- ^ a b (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
- ^ a b . Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ "Remembering Swan Hunter". BBC. 30 January 2008. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ Royal Navy Ship may bring work for 100's Evening Chronicle, 30 August 2008
- ^ Duce, Richard (1993-05-12). "Barrow ship order dismays Tyneside". The Times (Times Newspapers).
- ^ Russell Hotten (14 October 1994). "Receiver breaks up Swan Hunter". The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ Peter Popham (22 June 1996). "Making waves again". The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ Ministry of Defence Annual Report and Accounts 2004-05: Sixth Report of session 2005-06. Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Defence Committee. Page 29. 2006
- ^ Lyme Bay gets going at Govan Maritime Journal, 1 April 2007
- ^ Shipbuilder Swan's sells Teesside yard 1 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Journal, 13 April 2006
- ^ Ten years ago Port Clarence was an empty shell - now it's a hive of activity Evening Gazette, 27 May 2008
- ^ "Demise of Swan Hunter?". BBC. 18 January 2007. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ Bharati buys out UK shipyard major Swan Business Standard, 10 April 2007
- ^ "Pioneering Spirit Heavy Lift Construction Vessel, Switzerland". ship-technology.com. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ People blame the MoD for Swan Hunter's decline, not me Evening Chronicle, 14 February 2008
- ^ Barbara Hodgson (1 January 2016). "Swan Hunter owner Jaap Kroese has died in his native Holland, aged 76". nechronicle. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ McCusker, Peter (21 September 2016). "Swan Hunter to return to Tyneside under the son of former owner". nechronicle. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ "Swan Hunter issue Letter of Intent to Motive Offshore Group for Basket Carousel Loading Tower". Swan Hunter. 12 October 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ "Swan Hunter Grows Installation Equipment Pool with 15Te Tensioner and 450Te Reel Drive System". Swan Hunter. 24 October 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ "Swan Hunter announce the completion of new 450Te Reel Drive System". Swan Hunter. 5 May 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ "Swan Hunter Mobilisation of Flexlay Spread onto Lewek Constellation". Swan Hunter. 30 May 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ "Ariosto". uboat.net. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
- ^ "Etrib". uboat.net. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
- ^ Lloyds (1931–32). (PDF). Lloyd's Register (through PlimsollShipData). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- ^ "City of Oxford". uboat.net. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
- ^ "Tuapse". uboat.net. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ^ "Empire Explorer". uboat.net. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ^ "Miraflores". uboat.net. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ "Liverpool Packet". uboat.net. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
- ^ "Allister". uboat.net. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
- ^ "Ranella". uboat.net. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- ^ "St. Clair II". uboat.net. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
- ^ "South Africa". uboat.net. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
- ^ "Mapleheath". Maritime History of the Great Lakes. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
- ^ "Pet Shop Boys play shipyard gig". BBC. 2 May 2006. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
Further reading
- Johnston, Ian; Buxton, Ian (2013). The Battleship Builders - Constructing and Arming British Capital Ships. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-027-6.
External links
- Official website
- Iconic images of tankers being built at Swan Hunter 1970s
- Oral histories from ex-Swan Hunter shipyard workers and images of the site, collected by Tyne & Wear Museums & Archives Service[permanent dead link]