The Odonatoptera are a superorder (sometimes treated as an order) of ancient winged insects, placed in the probably paraphyletic group Palaeoptera. The dragonflies and damselflies are the only living members of this group, which was far more diverse in the late Paleozoic and contained gigantic species, including the griffinflies (colloquially called "giant dragonflies", although they were not dragonflies in the strict sense) of the order Meganisoptera (formerly Protodonata). This lineage dates back at least to the Bashkirian, not quite 320 million years ago. [1]
There is little consensus about the relationships of the Odonatoptera. What is certain is that they are a clade of winged insects that stands outside the Neoptera. But various authors' analyses have yielded any one of three mutually exclusive phylogenies, or some variant thereof: The least problematic (in a taxonomic sense) view is that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Ephemeropteroidea (the mayfly lineage), and that the Palaeodictyopteroidea are either their sister taxon or a basal assemblage, all within a monophyletic Palaeoptera. But few recent analyses have supported this. Rather, it seems more and more likely that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Neoptera, making the "Palaeoptera" paraphyletic. The third view places the mayfly lineage as sister taxon of the neopterans, with the Odonatoptera as most primitive winged insects; it has seen little support in recent decades however.[2]
While the internal subdivision of this superorder is subject to much dispute and far from resolved, at least the coarser divisions seem to be fairly stable by now. Six orders are generally recognized, as well as two familiesincertae sedis and a further "family" that is almost certainly not monophyletic. Ordered from the most ancestral to the most advanced, these are:
Phylogenyedit
Based on the work of Petrulevičius & Gutierrez 2016.[3]
In some treatments, the Odonata are expanded to include all these taxa with the exception of the "Erasipteridae", Geroptera and Protodonata; this group is treated as an unranked cladeOdonatoclada in the scheme used here. Where the Odonata are defined loosely, the term Odonatoidea is used instead of "Odonatoptera".[4]
^Petrulevičius, Julián F.; Gutierrez, Pedro Raul (2016). "New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina". Arquivos Entomolóxicos (16): 341–358.
Maddison, David R. (2002): Tree of Life Web Project – Pterygota. Winged insects. Version of 2002-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
Trueman, John W.H. [2008]: Tree of Life Web Project – Pterygote Higher Relationships. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
Trueman, John W.H. & Rowe, Richard J. (2008): Tree of Life Web Project – Odonata. Dragonflies and damselflies. Version of 2008-MAR-20. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
December 15, 2023
odonatoptera, superorder, sometimes, treated, order, ancient, winged, insects, placed, probably, paraphyletic, group, palaeoptera, dragonflies, damselflies, only, living, members, this, group, which, more, diverse, late, paleozoic, contained, gigantic, species. The Odonatoptera are a superorder sometimes treated as an order of ancient winged insects placed in the probably paraphyletic group Palaeoptera The dragonflies and damselflies are the only living members of this group which was far more diverse in the late Paleozoic and contained gigantic species including the griffinflies colloquially called giant dragonflies although they were not dragonflies in the strict sense of the order Meganisoptera formerly Protodonata This lineage dates back at least to the Bashkirian not quite 320 million years ago 1 OdonatopteraTemporal range Late Carboniferous Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NReconstruction of Carboniferous griffinfly Meganeurites Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaDivision PalaeopteraSuperorder OdonatopteraMartynov 1932OrdersSee textSynonymsCampylopterodea Rohdendorf 1962 Odonatoidea Lameere 1936 Contents 1 Systematics and taxonomy 1 1 Phylogeny 2 Footnotes 3 ReferencesSystematics and taxonomy editThere is little consensus about the relationships of the Odonatoptera What is certain is that they are a clade of winged insects that stands outside the Neoptera But various authors analyses have yielded any one of three mutually exclusive phylogenies or some variant thereof The least problematic in a taxonomic sense view is that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Ephemeropteroidea the mayfly lineage and that the Palaeodictyopteroidea are either their sister taxon or a basal assemblage all within a monophyletic Palaeoptera But few recent analyses have supported this Rather it seems more and more likely that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Neoptera making the Palaeoptera paraphyletic The third view places the mayfly lineage as sister taxon of the neopterans with the Odonatoptera as most primitive winged insects it has seen little support in recent decades however 2 While the internal subdivision of this superorder is subject to much dispute and far from resolved at least the coarser divisions seem to be fairly stable by now Six orders are generally recognized as well as two families incertae sedis and a further family that is almost certainly not monophyletic Ordered from the most ancestral to the most advanced these are Phylogeny edit Based on the work of Petrulevicius amp Gutierrez 2016 3 Odonatoptera Eugeroptera EugeropteridaePalaeodonatoptera Kukaloptera KirchneralidaePlesiodonatoptera Argentinoptera ArgentinalidaeApodonatoptera Geroptera GeropteridaeNeodonataptera Eomeganisoptera Erasipteridae Euodonatoptera cont dEuodonatoptera Meganisoptera griffinflies Odonatoclada LapeyriidaeCampylopterodea CampylopteridaeNodialata ProtanisopteraDiscoidalia TriadophlebiopteraStigmoptera Protozygoptera including Archizygoptera Neodonata Tarsophlebioptera TarsophlebiidaeOdonata Zygoptera damselfly Epiprocta dragonfly In some treatments the Odonata are expanded to include all these taxa with the exception of the Erasipteridae Geroptera and Protodonata this group is treated as an unranked clade Odonatoclada in the scheme used here Where the Odonata are defined loosely the term Odonatoidea is used instead of Odonatoptera 4 Footnotes edit Trueman amp Rowe 2008 Maddison 2002 Trueman 2008 Petrulevicius Julian F Gutierrez Pedro Raul 2016 New basal Odonatoptera Insecta from the lower Carboniferous Serpukhovian of Argentina Arquivos Entomoloxicos 16 341 358 See e g Trueman amp Rowe 2008 References editMaddison David R 2002 Tree of Life Web Project Pterygota Winged insects Version of 2002 JAN 01 Retrieved 2008 DEC 15 Trueman John W H 2008 Tree of Life Web Project Pterygote Higher Relationships Retrieved 2008 DEC 15 Trueman John W H amp Rowe Richard J 2008 Tree of Life Web Project Odonata Dragonflies and damselflies Version of 2008 MAR 20 Retrieved 2008 DEC 15 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Odonatoptera amp oldid 1121510776 Systematics and taxonomy, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
