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Prosecco

January 09, 2024

For the suburb of Trieste, Italy, see Prosecco, Friuli-Venezia Giulia. For the Dalmatian wine, see Prošek.

Prosecco (/prəˈsɛkoʊ, proʊ-/;[1][2] Italian: [proˈsekko]) is an Italian DOC or DOCG white wine produced in a large area spanning nine provinces in the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions, and named after the village of Prosecco, which is in the province of Trieste, Italy.[3] It is made from the Prosecco grape (renamed "Glera" in Italy in 2009) but denomination rules allow up to 15% of the wine to be other permitted varieties.[4] Prosecco is almost always made in sparkling or semi-sparkling style (spumante and frizzante, respectively), but a still wine (tranquillo) is also permitted.[5] Within the larger designation are two small DOCG areas, Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco in the hills between the towns of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene, and Asolo Prosecco around the nearby town of Asolo.[6][7] Prosecco Superiore is always spumante and comes only from these DOCG areas.[8]

A bottle of Prosecco di Conegliano spumante extra dry and a glass of Prosecco frizzante, which stops forming bubbles soon after it is poured

In 2019, Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene became a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in large part due to the region's role in the production of Prosecco.[9][10] Since 2020, the DOC rules allow a rosé variety of Prosecco designated spumante rosé, which must contain Glera blended with 10–15% Pinot noir.[11]

History edit

 
The cover of the book Il Roccolo Ditirambo (1754), containing for the first time the exact word Prosecco
 
The poem where the term Prosecco appears for the first time within Il Roccolo Ditirambo (1754)
 
Vineyards in the Prosecco region of origin (UNESCO)

In Trieste at the beginning of the sixteenth century, the local wine "Ribolla" was promoted as the recreation of the Pucinian[12] celebrated by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History and praised for its medicinal qualities by Livia, the wife of Emperor Augustus.[13] The need to distinguish the "Ribolla" of Trieste from other wines of the same name, produced in Gorizia and at lower cost in Istria, led, at the end of the century, to a change in name. Following the supposed place of production in antiquity, the wine was referred to as "castellum nobile vinum Pucinum", after the castle near the village of Prosecco.[13]

The first known mention of the name Prosecco is attributed to the Englishman Fynes Moryson, who used the spelling Prosecho. Moryson, visiting the north of Italy in 1593, notes: "Histria is devided into Forum Julii, and Histria properly so called ... Here growes the wine Pucinum, now called Prosecho, much celebrated by Pliny." He places Prosecco among the famous wines of Italy: "These are the most famous Wines of Italy. La lagrima di Christo and like wines neere Cinqueterre in Liguria: La vernazza, and the white Muskadine, especially that of Montefiaschoni in Tuscany: Cecubum and Falernum in the Kingdom of Naples, and Prosecho in Histria."[14] The method of vinification, the true distinguishing feature of the original Prosecco, spread first in Gorizia, then – through Venice – in Dalmatia,[15] Vicenza and Treviso.[13]

In 1754, the spelling Prosecco appears for the first time in the book Il Roccolo Ditirambo, written by Aureliano Acanti in Novoledo, in the municipality of Villaverla located in the Province of Vicenza. The wine was then known by the local Slovene-speaking population as Prosegker or Prosekar and was grown on the Adriatic coast near the villages of Contovello, Prosecco, Santa Croce and the former Roman villa town Barcola.

The verses are: Ed or ora immollarmi voglio il becco Con quel melaromatico prosecco. Di Monteberico questo perfetto prosecco eletto ci da' lo splendido nostro Canonico (in Italian), "And now I would like to wet my mouth with that Prosecco with its apple bouquet. From Monteberico this perfect favorite prosecco Our Priest give us. ... Mr Priest Jacopo Ghellini brother of Mr Pietro and Mr Marco. Those cavaliers from their estate on the Mount Berico (Monte Berico) collect the Prosecco, that has the most rare qualities, that a wine could have from any other place."[16][failed verification] Monte Berico is the hill of the city of Vicenza.

The wine was defined by the grape used to make it, Prosecco. The village of Prosecco was about 150 km from the growing areas, and had never grown the glera grape. British importers started to be interested in importing the wine in quantity; in response the Italian minister of agriculture expanded the "denominazione di origine controllata" (DOC) to cover far-away Prosecco. This was followed by claiming UNESCO world heritage status for "Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene" a few years later.[17][18] Prosecco was introduced into the mainstream US market in 2000 by Mionetto, now the largest US importer of Prosecco, who reported an "incredible growth trend" in 2008.[19] According to a 2008 New York Times report, Prosecco rose sharply in popularity in markets outside Italy, with global sales growing by double-digit percentages since 1998, aided also by its comparatively low price.[3][19] The UK became in the mid-2010s the biggest export market for Prosecco, consuming one quarter of all Italian production.[20] Production expanded massively, to €500m sales in 2019.[18]

Until the 2008 vintage Prosecco was protected as a DOC within Italy,[21] as Prosecco di Conegliano-Valdobbiadene, Prosecco di Conegliano, Prosecco di Valdobbiadene, and Prosecco di Colli Asolani. From 2009, these two area were promoted to DOCG status.[22] To further protect the name, an association of traditional Prosecco growers advocated a protected designation of origin status for Northern Italian Prosecco under European law.[3] Hence, since 1 January 2010, Prosecco is, according to an order of the Italian Minister of Agriculture of 17 July 2009, no longer the name of a grape variety (now to be called Glera), but exclusively a geographical indication. This was confirmed by EG-Regulation Nr. 1166/2009 of 30 November 2009.[23] The Colli Asolani Prosecco Superiore DOCG later changed its name to Asolo Prosecco Superiore DOCG in 2014.

Production edit

See also: Sparkling wine production
 
Glera grapes on the vine in the Prosecco zone, pre-veraison

Unlike Champagne and Franciacorta DOCG, Prosecco is usually produced using the alternative Charmat–Martinotti method, in which the secondary fermentation takes place in large stainless steel tanks rather than in each individual bottle,[24] making the wine less expensive to produce, and the minimum production time is 30 days. Higher quality Prosecco using this method will ferment the wine over a longer period, up to around 9 months (Charmat Lungo). Nevertheless, the production rules for both the DOCG's also allow the use of the traditional method of secondary fermentation in the bottle, known in Italy as Metodo Classico. DOC and DOCG rules allow up to 15% of Prosecco wine to be a blend of Verdiso, Bianchetta Trevigiana, Perera, Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco, Pinot Grigio, or Pinot Noir (vinified white).[4][25]

Approximately 150 million bottles of Prosecco were produced in 2008.[3] Huge subsequent growth meant this figure approached 600 million bottles in 2018.[26]

Since the 2000s, Glera grapes are cultivated and wine produced in other countries including Brazil, Romania, Argentina, and Australia.[3]

In the region of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene DOCG, there are more than 150 producers,[27] and together they form the Consortium for the Protection of Prosecco from Conegliano and Valdobbiadene (Consorzio per la Tutela del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene). DOCG also has its own consorzio, with 94 producers.

Prosecco DOC edit

 
Bottle of Prosecco showing the DOC designation on the label

Most Prosecco, whether DOC or DOCG, is made as Spumante sparkling wine or Frizzante (semi-sparkling). Prosecco DOC Spumante is the most famous and popular variety, with longer-lasting bubbles. Prosecco DOC Frizzante has bubbles that linger for a shorter time. A small proportion is made as Tranquillo (still wine), with no bubbles.[5] Tranquillo amounts to only about 5% of production,[21] and this wine is rarely exported.

Depending on their sweetness, in accordance with the EU Sweetness of wine Regulations for Terms used to indicate sweetness of sparkling wine, Proseccos are labelled "Brut" (up to 12 grams per litre of residual sugar), "Extra Dry" (12–17 g/L) or "Dry" (17–32 g/L).[28] Extra-Dry has been the dominant style made, but the amount of Brut is now increasing.

Glera grapes made in a Prosecco style outside the DOC/DOCG have a non-protected designation, such as "IGT Veneto", are generally cheaper and of more variable quality and cannot be called Prosecco.[29] While all Prosecco is currently vinified white, a rosé version has been proposed, but only for the DOC, as it was rejected by the DOCG. It is likely that such a rosé, which would include a small proportion of Pinot Noir vinified red, will be adopted only at the DOC level from the 2019 harvest and therefore be available to buy from as early as January 2020.[30]

Prosecco Superiore DOCG edit

 
Prosecco valley, UNESCO World Heritage Site

There are two Prosecco Superiore DOCGs, divided by the River Piave, in the Treviso province of Veneto. Prosecco Conegliano Valdobbiadene Superiore DOCG is made on the hills between the towns of Conegliano, Valdobbiadene and Vittorio Veneto. Producers from Valdobbiadene have recently tended to skip mention of Conegliano on their front label, calling their wine Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore. The second DOCG is the smaller Asolo Prosecco Superiore DOCG, produced on the hills near the town of Asolo.[31] Currently, in addition to the usual range of Prosecco styles, Asolo DOCG can also make an "Extra-Brut" (0-6 g/L), and Conegliano Valdobbiadene is expected to introduce this style soon. While the bulk of Prosecco DOC is grown on low-lying plains in an extended area covering 23,300 hectares, the DOCG Prosecco Superiore is grown exclusively on hillside vineyards in two far smaller growing areas, 6,860 hectares for Conegliano Valdobbiadene and 1,783 hectares for Asolo.[32] The steepness of the hills means that everything, from pruning to picking, is principally done by hand. The manual aspect, especially for the harvest, further increases quality.[8]

Superiore di Cartizze subzone edit

The hill of Cartizze is a 305 metres (1,001 ft) high vineyard of 107 hectares (260 acres) of vines,[33] owned by 140 growers.[34] The Prosecco from its grapes, of which comparatively little is produced, is widely considered to be of the highest quality,[8][34][29][35][36][37] or even the "Grand Cru" of Prosecco.[28][38][39]

Theoretically, a hectare of Cartizze grape land was estimated to be worth in excess of 1 million US dollars in 2008[3] and its value was estimated to have increased to 1.5–2 million euros in 2015, the most for a vineyard in Italy.[8] The sparkling wine produced from Cartizze has recently been named by producers as Superiore di Cartizze, without mentioning Prosecco on the front label to further emphasize its territory.[40]

According to a local legend, Cartizze grapes traditionally were harvested last, as the vines were situated on steep slopes and hard to reach, which led to vintners discovering that this extended ripening period improved the flavour.[29] Nonetheless, in a blind tasting at the 2006 Vinitaly trade fair, Cartizze spumanti were ranked consistently behind "normal" Prosecco.[41]

Rive subzones edit

While Cartizze is a subzone at the top of the Prosecco Conegliano Valdobbiadene Superiore DOCG quality pyramid, their Consorzio has also introduced official Rive delimitations, i.e. 15 communes that can make 43 different Rive subzone wines. These are named after the individual hills where the grapes originate, though this adds complexity and adoption so far is patchy. The intention is to highlight the different microclimates and distinct terroirs found in the DOCG.[8][42] Asolo Superiore DOCG has not introduced subzones.

Col Fondo edit

Some winemakers are reviving the traditional Prosecco Col Fondo, refermented in the bottle but not disgorged, as the wines are left on their lees. This yeasty residue leaves fine sediment in the bottom of the bottle (fondo in Italian) that imparts more complexity, texture and flavour. They can be served either clear or cloudy. These wines are labelled Conegliano Valdobbiadene Superiore DOCG, or Asolo Superiore DOCG. Col Fondo generally has a lower Frizzante-style 250 kilopascals (2.5 bars) of pressure.[8]

Consumption edit

 
Cheap Prosecco is also sold in cans.

In Italy, Prosecco is a ubiquitously used wine.[3] Outside Italy, it is most often drunk as an apéritif. As with other sparkling wines, Prosecco is served chilled.[34]

Except for Col Fondo and any Método Classico Prosecco, most Prosecco does not ferment in the bottle. Usually, it should be drunk young,[41] preferably within three to five years[43] of its vintage. However, high-quality Prosecco may be aged for up to seven years.[44]

The view that Prosecco cannot be aged has been challenged by other experts. A tasting in 2013 of wines produced between 1983 and 2013 demonstrated the longevity of the wines from one of their top producers.[45]

Prosecco has a minimum of 10.5–11.5% alcohol by volume, depending on the DOC/DOCG rules.[34] The flavour of Prosecco has been described as aromatic and crisp, bringing to mind yellow apple, pear, white peach, and apricot.[19][34] Most Prosecco variants have intense primary aromas[34] and are meant to taste fresh, light and comparatively simple.[28]

Most commonly Prosecco is served unmixed, but it also appears in several mixed drinks. It is the main ingredient in the original Bellini and Spritz cocktails, and it can also be used in others, such as the Mimosa.[28][19] With vodka and lemon sorbet, Prosecco is also an ingredient of the Italian mixed drink sgroppino.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020.
  2. ^ "Prosecco". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Cortese, Amy (26 December 2008). "Italian Makers of Prosecco Seek Recognition". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  4. ^ a b Robinson, J.; Harding, J.; Vouillamoz, J. (2012). Wine Grapes: A Complete Guide to 1,368 Vine Varieties, Including Their Origins and Flavours. Allen Lane. pp. 102–103, 853–854. ISBN 978-1-846-14446-2.
  5. ^ a b . Consorzio di Tutela delle Denominazione di Origine Controllata Prosecco. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  6. ^ "Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG »". Italian Wine Central. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  7. ^ "Asolo Prosecco DOCG". Italian Wine Central. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e f O'Keefe, Kerin (25 September 2015). "The Superiority of Prosecco Superiore". Wine Enthusiast.
  9. ^ Kennedy, Rachel; Chadwick, Lauren (9 July 2019). "Italy's Prosecco hills receive UN world heritage status". Euronews. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  10. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Two cultural sites added to UNESCO's World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 9 July 2019. Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene (Italy) — Located in north-eastern Italy, the site includes part of the vinegrowing landscape of the Prosecco wine production area. The landscape is characterized by 'hogback' hills, ciglioni – small plots of vines on narrow grassy terraces – forests, small villages and farmland. For centuries, this rugged terrain has been shaped and adapted by man. Since the 17th century, the use of ciglioni has created a particular chequerboard landscape consisting of rows of vines parallel and vertical to the slopes. In the 19th century, the bellussera technique of training the vines contributed to the aesthetic characteristics of the landscape.
  11. ^ "Mipaaf". 28 October 2020.
  12. ^ "The Prosecco Wine Guide". 13 February 2015.[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ a b c Colombo, Fulvio (2014). Prosecco. Patrimonio del Nordest (in Italian). Trieste: Luglio Editore. ISBN 978-8868030636.
    Prosecco, perché? Le nobili origini di un vino triestino (in Italian). Trieste: Luglio Editore. 2012. ISBN 978-8896940877.
  14. ^ Moryson, F. (1908). An Itinerary. Containing His Ten Yeeres Travell through the Twelve Dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland, Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Italy, Turky, France, England, Scotland & Ireland. Vol. IV. Glasgow. pp. 80, 103.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ Colombo, Fulvio (June 2014). "Storie di vini dell'Adriatico. Nuove indagini sulle relazioni tra il Prosecco e il Prošek dalmata" (PDF). La Ricerca. Bollettino del Centro di Ricerche Storiche di Rovigno (in Italian) (65): 11–13.
  16. ^ Studio Cattaneo & Ecmedia Web & Graphics. . Discover Prosecco Wine. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  17. ^ Ponte, Stefano (August 2021). "Bursting the bubble? The hidden costs and visible conflicts behind the Prosecco wine 'miracle'". Journal of Rural Studies. Elsevier BV. 86: 542–553. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.07.002. ISSN 0743-0167.
  18. ^ a b Blyth, Mark (31 December 2021). "How the politics of prosecco explain what took the fizz out of the Democrats". The Guardian.
  19. ^ a b c d Dane, Ana (3 July 2006). . TheStreet.com. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
  20. ^ Collins, Guy (17 May 2016). "Prosecco 2016 Output Seen Up as Much as 20% as U.K. Sales Surge". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  21. ^ a b DuBose, Fred; Spingarn, Evan; Maniscalco, Nancy (2005). The Ultimate Wine Lover's Guide 2006. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 196. ISBN 1-4027-2815-8.
  22. ^ Natasha Hughes (28 May 2009). . decanter.com. Archived from the original on 14 December 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2009. The current Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene [sic] DOC zone became a DOCG from the 2009 vintage. Announcing the move, Prosecco DOC director Giancarlo Vettorello said that the IGT zone, which lies in the plains between Friuli and Veneto, will be upgraded to DOC status.
  23. ^ EG Verordnung Nr. 1166/2009 of 30 November 2009.
  24. ^ Matias, Neil (26 December 2008). "Bubbling over into '09". The Herald News. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  25. ^ . Consorzio di Tutela delle Denominazione di Origine Controllata Prosecco. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  26. ^ "Prosecco to produce 600 million bottles from 2018 harvest". 13 September 2018.
  27. ^ . Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  28. ^ a b c d Atkin, Tim (11 November 2007). "The fizz that's the bizz". The Observer. London. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
  29. ^ a b c LeSinge, Theodore (2003). ADAC Reiseführer Venetien/ Friaul (in German). ADAC Verlag DE. p. 78. ISBN 3-89905-116-5.
  30. ^ Prosecco Rosé will be a reality by 2020 imbibe.com 3 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Currently, Prosecco cannot be made in rosé form and be called Prosecco, it would be classified as an IGT Veneto and the name Prosecco cannot be used.
  31. ^ "Asolo Prosecco | Consorzio Asolo Montello". 12 October 2020.
  32. ^ "Italian Wine Central".
  33. ^ Cannavan, Tom (2004). . wine-pages.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
  34. ^ a b c d e f Kinssies, Richard (10 July 2002). "On Wine: Proseccos sparkle on their own terms". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
  35. ^ Koelliker, Beat (2008). Die neue Hallwag Weinschule: Mit 13 Weinproben zum Weinkenner (in German). HALLWAG. p. 104. ISBN 978-3-8338-1221-7.
  36. ^ Difford, Simon (2007). Cocktails. diffordsguide. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-9556276-0-6.
  37. ^ Belford, Ros (2003). Rough Guide to Italy. Rough Guides. p. 282. ISBN 1-84353-060-0.
  38. ^ "- Venice Wine Tour Prosecco. The white sparkling from Veneto". Venice Wine Tour.
  39. ^ Yarrow, Alder (14 July 2007). "The World's Best Prosecco: Tasting Conegliano Valdobbiadene". Vinography.
  40. ^ . Consorzio di Tutela del Prosecco di Conegliano Valdobbiadene. Archived from the original on 19 July 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  41. ^ a b Burianek, Stephan (10 June 2007). "In dubio Prosecco". Der Standard (in German). Retrieved 29 December 2008.
  42. ^ Моисеенко, Антон (6 July 2018). "On the Rive bank". По Бокалам. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  43. ^ Flood, Carlos (22 January 2021). "How Long Does Prosecco Last?". EulogyBar.com. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  44. ^ Mitchell, Sandy. "Prosecco, Italy's Sparkling Wine". Retrieved 7 May 2011.
  45. ^ Edwards, Michael (2015). "Primo Franco 1983–2013: Prosecco Resurgent". The World of Fine Wine (48): 74–75.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prosecco.
  • Consorzio di Tutela del Prosecco di Conegliano Valdobbiadene DOCG
  • Consorzio Asolo Montello DOCG
  • Consorzio di Tutela del Prosecco DOC

January 09, 2024
prosecco, suburb, trieste, italy, friuli, venezia, giulia, dalmatian, wine, prošek, italian, proˈsekko, italian, docg, white, wine, produced, large, area, spanning, nine, provinces, veneto, friuli, venezia, giulia, regions, named, after, village, which, provin. For the suburb of Trieste Italy see Prosecco Friuli Venezia Giulia For the Dalmatian wine see Prosek Prosecco p r e ˈ s ɛ k oʊ p r oʊ 1 2 Italian proˈsekko is an Italian DOC or DOCG white wine produced in a large area spanning nine provinces in the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions and named after the village of Prosecco which is in the province of Trieste Italy 3 It is made from the Prosecco grape renamed Glera in Italy in 2009 but denomination rules allow up to 15 of the wine to be other permitted varieties 4 Prosecco is almost always made in sparkling or semi sparkling style spumante and frizzante respectively but a still wine tranquillo is also permitted 5 Within the larger designation are two small DOCG areas Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco in the hills between the towns of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene and Asolo Prosecco around the nearby town of Asolo 6 7 Prosecco Superiore is always spumante and comes only from these DOCG areas 8 A bottle of Prosecco di Conegliano spumante extra dry and a glass of Prosecco frizzante which stops forming bubbles soon after it is pouredIn 2019 Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in large part due to the region s role in the production of Prosecco 9 10 Since 2020 the DOC rules allow a rose variety of Prosecco designated spumante rose which must contain Glera blended with 10 15 Pinot noir 11 Contents 1 History 2 Production 2 1 Prosecco DOC 2 2 Prosecco Superiore DOCG 2 3 Superiore di Cartizze subzone 2 4 Rive subzones 2 5 Col Fondo 3 Consumption 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory edit nbsp The cover of the book Il Roccolo Ditirambo 1754 containing for the first time the exact word Prosecco nbsp The poem where the term Prosecco appears for the first time within Il Roccolo Ditirambo 1754 nbsp Vineyards in the Prosecco region of origin UNESCO In Trieste at the beginning of the sixteenth century the local wine Ribolla was promoted as the recreation of the Pucinian 12 celebrated by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History and praised for its medicinal qualities by Livia the wife of Emperor Augustus 13 The need to distinguish the Ribolla of Trieste from other wines of the same name produced in Gorizia and at lower cost in Istria led at the end of the century to a change in name Following the supposed place of production in antiquity the wine was referred to as castellum nobile vinum Pucinum after the castle near the village of Prosecco 13 The first known mention of the name Prosecco is attributed to the Englishman Fynes Moryson who used the spelling Prosecho Moryson visiting the north of Italy in 1593 notes Histria is devided into Forum Julii and Histria properly so called Here growes the wine Pucinum now called Prosecho much celebrated by Pliny He places Prosecco among the famous wines of Italy These are the most famous Wines of Italy La lagrima di Christo and like wines neere Cinqueterre in Liguria La vernazza and the white Muskadine especially that of Montefiaschoni in Tuscany Cecubum and Falernum in the Kingdom of Naples and Prosecho in Histria 14 The method of vinification the true distinguishing feature of the original Prosecco spread first in Gorizia then through Venice in Dalmatia 15 Vicenza and Treviso 13 In 1754 the spelling Prosecco appears for the first time in the book Il Roccolo Ditirambo written by Aureliano Acanti in Novoledo in the municipality of Villaverla located in the Province of Vicenza The wine was then known by the local Slovene speaking population as Prosegker or Prosekar and was grown on the Adriatic coast near the villages of Contovello Prosecco Santa Croce and the former Roman villa town Barcola The verses are Ed or ora immollarmi voglio il becco Con quel melaromatico prosecco Di Monteberico questo perfetto prosecco eletto ci da lo splendido nostro Canonico in Italian And now I would like to wet my mouth with that Prosecco with its apple bouquet From Monteberico this perfect favorite prosecco Our Priest give us Mr Priest Jacopo Ghellini brother of Mr Pietro and Mr Marco Those cavaliers from their estate on the Mount Berico Monte Berico collect the Prosecco that has the most rare qualities that a wine could have from any other place 16 failed verification Monte Berico is the hill of the city of Vicenza The wine was defined by the grape used to make it Prosecco The village of Prosecco was about 150 km from the growing areas and had never grown the glera grape British importers started to be interested in importing the wine in quantity in response the Italian minister of agriculture expanded the denominazione di origine controllata DOC to cover far away Prosecco This was followed by claiming UNESCO world heritage status for Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene a few years later 17 18 Prosecco was introduced into the mainstream US market in 2000 by Mionetto now the largest US importer of Prosecco who reported an incredible growth trend in 2008 19 According to a 2008 New York Times report Prosecco rose sharply in popularity in markets outside Italy with global sales growing by double digit percentages since 1998 aided also by its comparatively low price 3 19 The UK became in the mid 2010s the biggest export market for Prosecco consuming one quarter of all Italian production 20 Production expanded massively to 500m sales in 2019 18 Until the 2008 vintage Prosecco was protected as a DOC within Italy 21 as Prosecco di Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco di Conegliano Prosecco di Valdobbiadene and Prosecco di Colli Asolani From 2009 these two area were promoted to DOCG status 22 To further protect the name an association of traditional Prosecco growers advocated a protected designation of origin status for Northern Italian Prosecco under European law 3 Hence since 1 January 2010 Prosecco is according to an order of the Italian Minister of Agriculture of 17 July 2009 no longer the name of a grape variety now to be called Glera but exclusively a geographical indication This was confirmed by EG Regulation Nr 1166 2009 of 30 November 2009 23 The Colli Asolani Prosecco Superiore DOCG later changed its name to Asolo Prosecco Superiore DOCG in 2014 Production editSee also Sparkling wine production nbsp Glera grapes on the vine in the Prosecco zone pre veraisonUnlike Champagne and Franciacorta DOCG Prosecco is usually produced using the alternative Charmat Martinotti method in which the secondary fermentation takes place in large stainless steel tanks rather than in each individual bottle 24 making the wine less expensive to produce and the minimum production time is 30 days Higher quality Prosecco using this method will ferment the wine over a longer period up to around 9 months Charmat Lungo Nevertheless the production rules for both the DOCG s also allow the use of the traditional method of secondary fermentation in the bottle known in Italy as Metodo Classico DOC and DOCG rules allow up to 15 of Prosecco wine to be a blend of Verdiso Bianchetta Trevigiana Perera Chardonnay Pinot Bianco Pinot Grigio or Pinot Noir vinified white 4 25 Approximately 150 million bottles of Prosecco were produced in 2008 3 Huge subsequent growth meant this figure approached 600 million bottles in 2018 26 Since the 2000s Glera grapes are cultivated and wine produced in other countries including Brazil Romania Argentina and Australia 3 In the region of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene DOCG there are more than 150 producers 27 and together they form the Consortium for the Protection of Prosecco from Conegliano and Valdobbiadene Consorzio per la Tutela del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene DOCG also has its own consorzio with 94 producers Prosecco DOC edit nbsp Bottle of Prosecco showing the DOC designation on the labelMost Prosecco whether DOC or DOCG is made as Spumante sparkling wine or Frizzante semi sparkling Prosecco DOC Spumante is the most famous and popular variety with longer lasting bubbles Prosecco DOC Frizzante has bubbles that linger for a shorter time A small proportion is made as Tranquillo still wine with no bubbles 5 Tranquillo amounts to only about 5 of production 21 and this wine is rarely exported Depending on their sweetness in accordance with the EU Sweetness of wine Regulations for Terms used to indicate sweetness of sparkling wine Proseccos are labelled Brut up to 12 grams per litre of residual sugar Extra Dry 12 17 g L or Dry 17 32 g L 28 Extra Dry has been the dominant style made but the amount of Brut is now increasing Glera grapes made in a Prosecco style outside the DOC DOCG have a non protected designation such as IGT Veneto are generally cheaper and of more variable quality and cannot be called Prosecco 29 While all Prosecco is currently vinified white a rose version has been proposed but only for the DOC as it was rejected by the DOCG It is likely that such a rose which would include a small proportion of Pinot Noir vinified red will be adopted only at the DOC level from the 2019 harvest and therefore be available to buy from as early as January 2020 30 Prosecco Superiore DOCG edit nbsp Prosecco valley UNESCO World Heritage SiteThere are two Prosecco Superiore DOCGs divided by the River Piave in the Treviso province of Veneto Prosecco Conegliano Valdobbiadene Superiore DOCG is made on the hills between the towns of Conegliano Valdobbiadene and Vittorio Veneto Producers from Valdobbiadene have recently tended to skip mention of Conegliano on their front label calling their wine Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore The second DOCG is the smaller Asolo Prosecco Superiore DOCG produced on the hills near the town of Asolo 31 Currently in addition to the usual range of Prosecco styles Asolo DOCG can also make an Extra Brut 0 6 g L and Conegliano Valdobbiadene is expected to introduce this style soon While the bulk of Prosecco DOC is grown on low lying plains in an extended area covering 23 300 hectares the DOCG Prosecco Superiore is grown exclusively on hillside vineyards in two far smaller growing areas 6 860 hectares for Conegliano Valdobbiadene and 1 783 hectares for Asolo 32 The steepness of the hills means that everything from pruning to picking is principally done by hand The manual aspect especially for the harvest further increases quality 8 Superiore di Cartizze subzone edit The hill of Cartizze is a 305 metres 1 001 ft high vineyard of 107 hectares 260 acres of vines 33 owned by 140 growers 34 The Prosecco from its grapes of which comparatively little is produced is widely considered to be of the highest quality 8 34 29 35 36 37 or even the Grand Cru of Prosecco 28 38 39 Theoretically a hectare of Cartizze grape land was estimated to be worth in excess of 1 million US dollars in 2008 3 and its value was estimated to have increased to 1 5 2 million euros in 2015 the most for a vineyard in Italy 8 The sparkling wine produced from Cartizze has recently been named by producers as Superiore di Cartizze without mentioning Prosecco on the front label to further emphasize its territory 40 According to a local legend Cartizze grapes traditionally were harvested last as the vines were situated on steep slopes and hard to reach which led to vintners discovering that this extended ripening period improved the flavour 29 Nonetheless in a blind tasting at the 2006 Vinitaly trade fair Cartizze spumanti were ranked consistently behind normal Prosecco 41 Rive subzones edit While Cartizze is a subzone at the top of the Prosecco Conegliano Valdobbiadene Superiore DOCG quality pyramid their Consorzio has also introduced official Rive delimitations i e 15 communes that can make 43 different Rive subzone wines These are named after the individual hills where the grapes originate though this adds complexity and adoption so far is patchy The intention is to highlight the different microclimates and distinct terroirs found in the DOCG 8 42 Asolo Superiore DOCG has not introduced subzones Col Fondo edit Some winemakers are reviving the traditional Prosecco Col Fondo refermented in the bottle but not disgorged as the wines are left on their lees This yeasty residue leaves fine sediment in the bottom of the bottle fondo in Italian that imparts more complexity texture and flavour They can be served either clear or cloudy These wines are labelled Conegliano Valdobbiadene Superiore DOCG or Asolo Superiore DOCG Col Fondo generally has a lower Frizzante style 250 kilopascals 2 5 bars of pressure 8 Consumption edit nbsp Cheap Prosecco is also sold in cans In Italy Prosecco is a ubiquitously used wine 3 Outside Italy it is most often drunk as an aperitif As with other sparkling wines Prosecco is served chilled 34 Except for Col Fondo and any Metodo Classico Prosecco most Prosecco does not ferment in the bottle Usually it should be drunk young 41 preferably within three to five years 43 of its vintage However high quality Prosecco may be aged for up to seven years 44 The view that Prosecco cannot be aged has been challenged by other experts A tasting in 2013 of wines produced between 1983 and 2013 demonstrated the longevity of the wines from one of their top producers 45 Prosecco has a minimum of 10 5 11 5 alcohol by volume depending on the DOC DOCG rules 34 The flavour of Prosecco has been described as aromatic and crisp bringing to mind yellow apple pear white peach and apricot 19 34 Most Prosecco variants have intense primary aromas 34 and are meant to taste fresh light and comparatively simple 28 Most commonly Prosecco is served unmixed but it also appears in several mixed drinks It is the main ingredient in the original Bellini and Spritz cocktails and it can also be used in others such as the Mimosa 28 19 With vodka and lemon sorbet Prosecco is also an ingredient of the Italian mixed drink sgroppino See also edit nbsp Italy portal nbsp Drink portal nbsp Wine portalReferences edit Prosecco Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on 16 April 2020 Prosecco Merriam Webster com Dictionary Retrieved 22 January 2016 a b c d e f g Cortese Amy 26 December 2008 Italian Makers of Prosecco Seek Recognition The New York Times Retrieved 28 December 2008 a b Robinson J Harding J Vouillamoz J 2012 Wine Grapes A Complete Guide to 1 368 Vine Varieties Including Their Origins and Flavours Allen Lane pp 102 103 853 854 ISBN 978 1 846 14446 2 a b Prosecco Types Consorzio di Tutela delle Denominazione di Origine Controllata Prosecco Archived from the original on 16 April 2020 Retrieved 14 April 2020 Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG Italian Wine Central Retrieved 30 November 2019 Asolo Prosecco DOCG Italian Wine Central Retrieved 30 November 2019 a b c d e f O Keefe Kerin 25 September 2015 The Superiority of Prosecco Superiore Wine Enthusiast Kennedy Rachel Chadwick Lauren 9 July 2019 Italy s Prosecco hills receive UN world heritage status Euronews Retrieved 9 July 2019 Centre UNESCO World Heritage Two cultural sites added to UNESCO s World Heritage List UNESCO World Heritage Centre Retrieved 9 July 2019 Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene Italy Located in north eastern Italy the site includes part of the vinegrowing landscape of the Prosecco wine production area The landscape is characterized by hogback hills ciglioni small plots of vines on narrow grassy terraces forests small villages and farmland For centuries this rugged terrain has been shaped and adapted by man Since the 17th century the use of ciglioni has created a particular chequerboard landscape consisting of rows of vines parallel and vertical to the slopes In the 19th century the bellussera technique of training the vines contributed to the aesthetic characteristics of the landscape Mipaaf 28 October 2020 The Prosecco Wine Guide 13 February 2015 permanent dead link a b c Colombo Fulvio 2014 Prosecco Patrimonio del Nordest in Italian Trieste Luglio Editore ISBN 978 8868030636 Prosecco perche Le nobili origini di un vino triestino in Italian Trieste Luglio Editore 2012 ISBN 978 8896940877 Moryson F 1908 An Itinerary Containing His Ten Yeeres Travell through the Twelve Dominions of Germany Bohmerland Sweitzerland Netherland Denmarke Poland Italy Turky France England Scotland amp Ireland Vol IV Glasgow pp 80 103 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Colombo Fulvio June 2014 Storie di vini dell Adriatico Nuove indagini sulle relazioni tra il Prosecco e il Prosek dalmata PDF La Ricerca Bollettino del Centro di Ricerche Storiche di Rovigno in Italian 65 11 13 Studio Cattaneo amp Ecmedia Web amp Graphics History Discover Prosecco Wine Archived from the original on 24 March 2018 Retrieved 6 January 2013 Ponte Stefano August 2021 Bursting the bubble The hidden costs and visible conflicts behind the Prosecco wine miracle Journal of Rural Studies Elsevier BV 86 542 553 doi 10 1016 j jrurstud 2021 07 002 ISSN 0743 0167 a b Blyth Mark 31 December 2021 How the politics of prosecco explain what took the fizz out of the Democrats The Guardian a b c d Dane Ana 3 July 2006 Pop the Cork on Prosecco TheStreet com Archived from the original on 13 September 2015 Retrieved 29 December 2008 Collins Guy 17 May 2016 Prosecco 2016 Output Seen Up as Much as 20 as U K Sales Surge bloomberg com Retrieved 15 October 2017 a b DuBose Fred Spingarn Evan Maniscalco Nancy 2005 The Ultimate Wine Lover s Guide 2006 Sterling Publishing Company Inc pp 196 ISBN 1 4027 2815 8 Natasha Hughes 28 May 2009 Prosecco to become DOCG decanter com Archived from the original on 14 December 2009 Retrieved 28 May 2009 The current Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene sic DOC zone became a DOCG from the 2009 vintage Announcing the move Prosecco DOC director Giancarlo Vettorello said that the IGT zone which lies in the plains between Friuli and Veneto will be upgraded to DOC status EG Verordnung Nr 1166 2009 of 30 November 2009 Matias Neil 26 December 2008 Bubbling over into 09 The Herald News Retrieved 28 December 2008 Grape Varieties Consorzio di Tutela delle Denominazione di Origine Controllata Prosecco Archived from the original on 17 October 2017 Retrieved 9 October 2015 Prosecco to produce 600 million bottles from 2018 harvest 13 September 2018 Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Docg Prosecco Superiore Dal 1876 Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 18 December 2012 a b c d Atkin Tim 11 November 2007 The fizz that s the bizz The Observer London Retrieved 29 December 2008 a b c LeSinge Theodore 2003 ADAC Reisefuhrer Venetien Friaul in German ADAC Verlag DE p 78 ISBN 3 89905 116 5 Prosecco Rose will be a reality by 2020 imbibe com Archived 3 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine Currently Prosecco cannot be made in rose form and be called Prosecco it would be classified as an IGT Veneto and the name Prosecco cannot be used Asolo Prosecco Consorzio Asolo Montello 12 October 2020 Italian Wine Central Cannavan Tom 2004 the Proseccos of Bisol wine pages com Archived from the original on 19 April 2012 Retrieved 1 January 2009 a b c d e f Kinssies Richard 10 July 2002 On Wine Proseccos sparkle on their own terms Seattle Post Intelligencer Retrieved 29 December 2008 Koelliker Beat 2008 Die neue Hallwag Weinschule Mit 13 Weinproben zum Weinkenner in German HALLWAG p 104 ISBN 978 3 8338 1221 7 Difford Simon 2007 Cocktails diffordsguide p 398 ISBN 978 0 9556276 0 6 Belford Ros 2003 Rough Guide to Italy Rough Guides p 282 ISBN 1 84353 060 0 Venice Wine Tour Prosecco The white sparkling from Veneto Venice Wine Tour Yarrow Alder 14 July 2007 The World s Best Prosecco Tasting Conegliano Valdobbiadene Vinography The Various Types Consorzio di Tutela del Prosecco di Conegliano Valdobbiadene Archived from the original on 19 July 2015 Retrieved 9 October 2015 a b Burianek Stephan 10 June 2007 In dubio Prosecco Der Standard in German Retrieved 29 December 2008 Moiseenko Anton 6 July 2018 On the Rive bank Po Bokalam Retrieved 9 July 2023 Flood Carlos 22 January 2021 How Long Does Prosecco Last EulogyBar com Retrieved 11 March 2022 Mitchell Sandy Prosecco Italy s Sparkling Wine Retrieved 7 May 2011 Edwards Michael 2015 Primo Franco 1983 2013 Prosecco Resurgent The World of Fine Wine 48 74 75 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prosecco Consorzio di Tutela del Prosecco di Conegliano Valdobbiadene DOCG Consorzio Asolo Montello DOCG Consorzio di Tutela del Prosecco DOC Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prosecco amp oldid 1191534706, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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