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Principality of Turov

January 21, 2023

The Principality of Turov, also called Principality of Turov and Pinsk (Belarusian: Турава-Пінскае княства, Russian: Турово-Пинское княжество, Ukrainian: Турово-Пінське князівство) or Turovian Rus',[1] was a medieval East Slavic principality and important subdivision of Kievan Rus' since the 10th century on the territory of modern southern Belarus and northern Ukraine. Princes of Turov often served as the Grand Princes of Rus early in 10th-11th centuries. The principality's capital was Turov (now called Turaŭ) and other important cities were Pinsk, Mazyr, Slutsk, Lutsk, Berestia, and Volodymyr.

Principality of Turov and Pinsk
10th century–14th century
StatusPart of the Kievan Rus
CapitalTurov
Common languagesOld East Slavic
Religion
Eastern Orthodox Church
GovernmentMonarchy
Prince of Turov 
• 950-980
Tur
LegislatureVeche
History 
• Established
10th century
• Incorporation into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
14th century
Preceded by		 Succeeded by

Until the 12th century the principality was very closely associated with the principalities of Kiev and Volhynia. Later for a short period time until the Mongol invasion it enjoyed a wide degree of autonomy when it was annexed to the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia. In the 14th century it became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia and Samogitia.

History

The Principality of Turov originated mainly from the Dregovich tribe and partially the Drevlyans. While circumstances of its creation are not clearly known, the Principality as mentioned in the Primary Chronicle existed in 980. According to the legend, the town of Turaŭ was founded around 950 (first mentioned in 980) by Varangian Prince Tur, a brother of Rogvolod (the first chronicled prince of Polatsk).[2]

Kiev Principality

During the times of Vladimir the Great (980 - 1015), the city of Turov and the immediate vicinity became part of Kievan Rus. Around 988, Vladimir appointed his eight-year-old son, Sviatopolk I of Kiev, to be knyaz of Turov. Later, Vladimir jailed Sviatopolk for plotting to rebel. Shortly before Vladimir died, Sviatopolk was freed and, upon Vladimir's death, seized the mantle of Grand Prince of Rus.

Izyaslavichi

In a series of three battles during 1016-1018, Yaroslav the Wise overthrew his older brother, Svyatopolk, and became Grand Prince of Kievan Rus. About 1042 or 1043, Yaroslav married his eldest son, Izyaslav, to the sister of King Casimir I of Poland and appointed Izyaslav to be knyaz of Turov and Pinsk. In 1054, Izyaslav became Grand Prince of Rus, with a volatile reign.

In 1078 after Izyaslav's death, Isyaslav's brother and new Grand Prince, Vsevolod, appointed Izyaslav's eldest son, Yaropolk Izyaslavich to be knyaz of both Volhynia and Turov. In 1084, the Rostislavichi, rulers of neighboring Galicia (Halychyna), attempted to seize part of Yaropolk's realm, but Yaropolk and Vsevolod's son, Vladimir Monomakh, defeated the invaders. Yaropolk revolted briefly against Grand Prince Vsevolod, was reinstated, and was murdered in 1087 (likely by the Rostislavichi).

Opposition to Vladimir Monomakh

The Turov principality was passed to his younger brother Sviatopolk II who administered the land of Novgorod. When Svyatopolk became the Grand Prince of Rus, he passed the principality of Turov to his nephew and son of Yaropolk Vyacheslav. Later Svyatopolk gave Volodymyr-Volynskyi and Brest to his sons Yaroslav and Mstislav respectively. As the Grand Prince Svyatopolk also tried to conquer the rebellious Rostislvichi who established themselves well in the land of Halych. However, his attempts were rather unsuccessful. In 1100 the principality of Turov was passed to Yaroslav Svyatopolkovich who ruled both lands of Turov and Volhynia. During another conflict between the prince of Turov and the Grand Prince of Rus Yaroslav was eliminated out of his realm in 1118. The land of Turov then was passed to another son of Svyatopolk Bryachislav, while Volhynia was given to one of the sons of Vladimir Monomakh Roman.

The 1097 Council of Liubech modified the rota system such that the Principality became patrimonial land.

Reinstatement

After the death of Bryachislav Vladimir, Monomakh gave the Turov principality to his Vyacheslav who kept it until the middle of the 12th century. Around the 1150s Turov belonged to the descendants of Yuri Dolgoruki Andrei and Boris. Finally in 1162 the principality was passed by Yuri Dolgoruki back to one of the Izyaslavichi Yury Yaroslavich, grandson of Svyatopolk II of Kiev, who gained full independence from Kievan Rus'. However, at the same time the Principality became more and more divided between several sons of the duke Yury. A semi-independent Principality of Pinsk was created. Along with the Principality of Smolensk, the army of Turau participated in the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223.

Decline

In the early 13th century the Principality of Turov became dependent of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia. To liberate[clarification needed] itself from it, the dukes of Turov cooperated more and more with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the early 14th century the Principality non-violently joined the Grand Duchy. By that time Hleb Narymunt, the son of Gediminas, was already ruler of Pinsk, while Turov and Haradok were still ruled by Rurikids. Later the territory of the Principality became part of Brest Litovsk, Nowogródek, and Minsk Voivodeships.

Regions of the Principality

  • Principality of Turov (10th century - 14th century)
  • Principality of Pinsk (12th century - 16th century)
  • Principality of Kletsk (12th century - 15th century)
  • Principality of Slutsk-Kopyl (12th century - 16th century)
  • Principality of Dubrovytsia (12th century - 13th century)

Leaders

Main article: Prince of Turov

Prince of Turov

Izyalavichi
Monomakh (of Smolensk)
  • Vyacheslav Monomakhovich (1125–1132)
  • Izyaslav II Monomakhovich (1133–1134)
  • Vyacheslav Monomakhovich (1134–1141)
  • Vyacheslav Monomakhovich (1142–1146)
  • ?
Dolgoruky
Yuryevichi (Izyaslavichi's branch)
  • Yuri Yaroslavovich (1157–1167)
  • Ivan Yuryevich (1167–1190)
  • Gleb (1190–1195)
  • Ivan Yuryevich (1195–1207)
  • Rostislav Glebovich (1207–1228)
  • ?
  • Yuri Volodymyrovich (?-1292)
  • Dmitry Yuryevich (1292-)
  • Danila Dmitrovich (?-before 1366)

Prince of Pinsk

Yuryevichi (Izyaslavichi's branch)
  • Yaroslav Yurievich (-1184-)
  • Volodimir Glebovich (-1228-)
  • Rostislav Volodimirovich (-1242-)
  • Fiodor Volodimirovich (-1262-)
  • Yuri Volodimirovich (-1292)
  • Demid Volodimirovich (1292-to 1292)
  • Yaroslav Yurievich (to 1292-)
  • Yuri Dimitrovich
  • Gediminas (1320- ?)
  • Narymunt Gleb (1340–1348)
  • Mikhail Glebovich Narymuntovich (1348-?)
  • Vasili Mikhailovich Narymuntovich (14th century)
  • Yuri Nos Vasilievich Narymuntovich (before 1398- after 1410)
  • Yuri Semenovich (before 1440-after 1471)
  • Maria Olelkovich (1471–1501)
  • Vasili Olelkovich (1480–1495)
  • Fiodor Ivanovich Yaroslavich (1501–1521)

Prince of Kletsk

Yuryevichi (Izyaslavichi's branch)
  • Wiaczesław Jarosławicz (1127- ?)
  • ?
  • Michał Zygmuntowicz (1442–1452)

Prince of Slutsk-Kopyl

  • Yaroslav Iziaslavovich ? (1148)
  • Sviatoslav Olegovich (1148–1162
  • Volodimir Mstislavovich (1162–1164) ?
  • ?
  • Volodimir Olgierdovich (1395–1398)
  • Aleksandr Olelko (1398–1454)
  • Michail Olelkovich (1454-1470/1481)
  • Simeon I Olelkovich (1481–1505)
  • Yuri I Olelkovich (1505–1542)
  • Simeon II Olelkovich (1542–1560)
  • Yuri II Olelkovich (1560–1572)
  • Yuri III Olelkovich (1572–1586)

Prince of Dubrovytsia

  • Ivan Yurievich (1166–1182) ?
  • Gleb Yurievich (1182–1190)
  • Aleksandr Glebovich (1190–1223)

References

  1. ^ Jan Tyszkiewicz (2015): The stronghold in Sypniewo from the 10th–11th century (p. 295)
  2. ^ Franklin, Simon; Shepard, Jonathan (2014). The Emergence of Rus 750-1200. Longman History of Russia. Routledge. ISBN 9781317872245. There arrived 'from overseas' a certain Rogvolod (Ragnvaldr in Old Norse). He installed himself on the Western Dvina at Polotsk, reportedly enjoying princely status. Likewise, Tur or Tury set himself up in a promontory fort by the Pripet, staying there long enough to leave his name on the place, Turov. It seems to have been a recent foundation, if not his own.

Bibliography and external links

  • Primary Chronicle
  • Ermolovich M.I., Ancient Belarus - Polotsk and Novogrudskii period, 1990 (Ермаловіч М. І. Старажытная Беларусь. Полацкі і Навагародскі перыяд. Мн., 1990.) (in Belarusian)
  • Saganovich G., Outline of the History of Belarus from antiquity to the end of 18th century (Сагановіч Г. Нарыс гісторыі Беларусі ад старажытнасці да канца XVIII ст. Мн., 2001.) (in Belarusian)
  • Hrushevsky, M. "History of Ukraine-Rus". Vol.2 Ch.4 (page 5) (in Ukrainian)

Coordinates: 52°10′N 26°45′E / 52.167°N 26.750°E / 52.167; 26.750

January 21, 2023
principality, turov, also, called, pinsk, belarusian, Турава, Пінскае, княства, russian, Турово, Пинское, княжество, ukrainian, Турово, Пінське, князівство, turovian, medieval, east, slavic, principality, important, subdivision, kievan, since, 10th, century, t. The Principality of Turov also called Principality of Turov and Pinsk Belarusian Turava Pinskae knyastva Russian Turovo Pinskoe knyazhestvo Ukrainian Turovo Pinske knyazivstvo or Turovian Rus 1 was a medieval East Slavic principality and important subdivision of Kievan Rus since the 10th century on the territory of modern southern Belarus and northern Ukraine Princes of Turov often served as the Grand Princes of Rus early in 10th 11th centuries The principality s capital was Turov now called Turaŭ and other important cities were Pinsk Mazyr Slutsk Lutsk Berestia and Volodymyr Principality of Turov and Pinsk10th century 14th centuryStatusPart of the Kievan RusCapitalTurovCommon languagesOld East SlavicReligionEastern Orthodox ChurchGovernmentMonarchyPrince of Turov 950 980TurLegislatureVecheHistory Established10th century Incorporation into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania14th centuryPreceded by Succeeded byDregovichs Grand Duchy of LithuaniaUntil the 12th century the principality was very closely associated with the principalities of Kiev and Volhynia Later for a short period time until the Mongol invasion it enjoyed a wide degree of autonomy when it was annexed to the Kingdom of Galicia Volhynia In the 14th century it became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Ruthenia and Samogitia Contents 1 History 1 1 Kiev Principality 1 2 Izyaslavichi 1 3 Opposition to Vladimir Monomakh 1 4 Reinstatement 1 5 Decline 2 Regions of the Principality 3 Leaders 3 1 Prince of Turov 3 2 Prince of Pinsk 3 3 Prince of Kletsk 3 4 Prince of Slutsk Kopyl 3 5 Prince of Dubrovytsia 4 References 5 Bibliography and external linksHistory EditThe Principality of Turov originated mainly from the Dregovich tribe and partially the Drevlyans While circumstances of its creation are not clearly known the Principality as mentioned in the Primary Chronicle existed in 980 According to the legend the town of Turaŭ was founded around 950 first mentioned in 980 by Varangian Prince Tur a brother of Rogvolod the first chronicled prince of Polatsk 2 Kiev Principality Edit During the times of Vladimir the Great 980 1015 the city of Turov and the immediate vicinity became part of Kievan Rus Around 988 Vladimir appointed his eight year old son Sviatopolk I of Kiev to be knyaz of Turov Later Vladimir jailed Sviatopolk for plotting to rebel Shortly before Vladimir died Sviatopolk was freed and upon Vladimir s death seized the mantle of Grand Prince of Rus Izyaslavichi Edit In a series of three battles during 1016 1018 Yaroslav the Wise overthrew his older brother Svyatopolk and became Grand Prince of Kievan Rus About 1042 or 1043 Yaroslav married his eldest son Izyaslav to the sister of King Casimir I of Poland and appointed Izyaslav to be knyaz of Turov and Pinsk In 1054 Izyaslav became Grand Prince of Rus with a volatile reign In 1078 after Izyaslav s death Isyaslav s brother and new Grand Prince Vsevolod appointed Izyaslav s eldest son Yaropolk Izyaslavich to be knyaz of both Volhynia and Turov In 1084 the Rostislavichi rulers of neighboring Galicia Halychyna attempted to seize part of Yaropolk s realm but Yaropolk and Vsevolod s son Vladimir Monomakh defeated the invaders Yaropolk revolted briefly against Grand Prince Vsevolod was reinstated and was murdered in 1087 likely by the Rostislavichi Opposition to Vladimir Monomakh Edit The Turov principality was passed to his younger brother Sviatopolk II who administered the land of Novgorod When Svyatopolk became the Grand Prince of Rus he passed the principality of Turov to his nephew and son of Yaropolk Vyacheslav Later Svyatopolk gave Volodymyr Volynskyi and Brest to his sons Yaroslav and Mstislav respectively As the Grand Prince Svyatopolk also tried to conquer the rebellious Rostislvichi who established themselves well in the land of Halych However his attempts were rather unsuccessful In 1100 the principality of Turov was passed to Yaroslav Svyatopolkovich who ruled both lands of Turov and Volhynia During another conflict between the prince of Turov and the Grand Prince of Rus Yaroslav was eliminated out of his realm in 1118 The land of Turov then was passed to another son of Svyatopolk Bryachislav while Volhynia was given to one of the sons of Vladimir Monomakh Roman The 1097 Council of Liubech modified the rota system such that the Principality became patrimonial land Reinstatement Edit After the death of Bryachislav Vladimir Monomakh gave the Turov principality to his Vyacheslav who kept it until the middle of the 12th century Around the 1150s Turov belonged to the descendants of Yuri Dolgoruki Andrei and Boris Finally in 1162 the principality was passed by Yuri Dolgoruki back to one of the Izyaslavichi Yury Yaroslavich grandson of Svyatopolk II of Kiev who gained full independence from Kievan Rus However at the same time the Principality became more and more divided between several sons of the duke Yury A semi independent Principality of Pinsk was created Along with the Principality of Smolensk the army of Turau participated in the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223 Decline Edit In the early 13th century the Principality of Turov became dependent of the Kingdom of Galicia Volhynia To liberate clarification needed itself from it the dukes of Turov cooperated more and more with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania In the early 14th century the Principality non violently joined the Grand Duchy By that time Hleb Narymunt the son of Gediminas was already ruler of Pinsk while Turov and Haradok were still ruled by Rurikids Later the territory of the Principality became part of Brest Litovsk Nowogrodek and Minsk Voivodeships Regions of the Principality EditPrincipality of Turov 10th century 14th century Principality of Pinsk 12th century 16th century Principality of Kletsk 12th century 15th century Principality of Slutsk Kopyl 12th century 16th century Principality of Dubrovytsia 12th century 13th century Leaders EditMain article Prince of Turov Prince of Turov Edit Sviatopolk I Accursed 980 1019 IzyalavichiIzyaslav I Yaroslavich about 1045 1078 Yaropolk Petr Izyaslavich 1078 1087 Sviatopolk II Mikhail Izyaslavich 1087 1094 Vyacheslav Yaropolkovich 1094 1104 1105 5 Monomakh of Smolensk Vyacheslav Monomakhovich 1125 1132 Izyaslav II Monomakhovich 1133 1134 Vyacheslav Monomakhovich 1134 1141 Vyacheslav Monomakhovich 1142 1146 DolgorukyAndrei I Yuryevich 1150 1151 Borys I 1155 1157 Yuryevichi Izyaslavichi s branch Yuri Yaroslavovich 1157 1167 Ivan Yuryevich 1167 1190 Gleb 1190 1195 Ivan Yuryevich 1195 1207 Rostislav Glebovich 1207 1228 Yuri Volodymyrovich 1292 Dmitry Yuryevich 1292 Danila Dmitrovich before 1366 Prince of Pinsk Edit Yuryevichi Izyaslavichi s branch Yaroslav Yurievich 1184 Volodimir Glebovich 1228 Rostislav Volodimirovich 1242 Fiodor Volodimirovich 1262 Yuri Volodimirovich 1292 Demid Volodimirovich 1292 to 1292 Yaroslav Yurievich to 1292 Yuri Dimitrovich Gediminas 1320 Narymunt Gleb 1340 1348 Mikhail Glebovich Narymuntovich 1348 Vasili Mikhailovich Narymuntovich 14th century Yuri Nos Vasilievich Narymuntovich before 1398 after 1410 Yuri Semenovich before 1440 after 1471 Maria Olelkovich 1471 1501 Vasili Olelkovich 1480 1495 Fiodor Ivanovich Yaroslavich 1501 1521 Prince of Kletsk Edit Yuryevichi Izyaslavichi s branch Wiaczeslaw Jaroslawicz 1127 Michal Zygmuntowicz 1442 1452 Prince of Slutsk Kopyl Edit Yaroslav Iziaslavovich 1148 Sviatoslav Olegovich 1148 1162 Volodimir Mstislavovich 1162 1164 Volodimir Olgierdovich 1395 1398 Aleksandr Olelko 1398 1454 Michail Olelkovich 1454 1470 1481 Simeon I Olelkovich 1481 1505 Yuri I Olelkovich 1505 1542 Simeon II Olelkovich 1542 1560 Yuri II Olelkovich 1560 1572 Yuri III Olelkovich 1572 1586 Prince of Dubrovytsia Edit Ivan Yurievich 1166 1182 Gleb Yurievich 1182 1190 Aleksandr Glebovich 1190 1223 References Edit Jan Tyszkiewicz 2015 The stronghold in Sypniewo from the 10th 11th century p 295 Franklin Simon Shepard Jonathan 2014 The Emergence of Rus 750 1200 Longman History of Russia Routledge ISBN 9781317872245 There arrived from overseas a certain Rogvolod Ragnvaldr in Old Norse He installed himself on the Western Dvina at Polotsk reportedly enjoying princely status Likewise Tur or Tury set himself up in a promontory fort by the Pripet staying there long enough to leave his name on the place Turov It seems to have been a recent foundation if not his own Bibliography and external links EditPrimary Chronicle Ermolovich M I Ancient Belarus Polotsk and Novogrudskii period 1990 Ermalovich M I Starazhytnaya Belarus Polacki i Navagarodski peryyad Mn 1990 in Belarusian Saganovich G Outline of the History of Belarus from antiquity to the end of 18th century Saganovich G Narys gistoryi Belarusi ad starazhytnasci da kanca XVIII st Mn 2001 in Belarusian Hrushevsky M History of Ukraine Rus Vol 2 Ch 4 page 5 in Ukrainian Coordinates 52 10 N 26 45 E 52 167 N 26 750 E 52 167 26 750 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Principality of Turov amp oldid 1030732146, wikipedia, 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