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Frederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse (German: Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel; Finnish: Fredrik Kaarle; 1 May 1868 – 28 May 1940), was the brother-in-law of the German Emperor, Wilhelm II. He was elected King of Finland on 9 October 1918, but renounced the throne on 14 December 1918.
Frederick was born at his family's Panker Castle, in Plön, Holstein. He was the third son of Frederick William of Hesse, Landgrave of Hesse, and his second wife Princess Anna of Prussia, daughter of Prince Charles of Prussia and Princess Marie Louise of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Frederick William, a Danish military officer, had been one (and perhaps the foremost) of the candidates of Christian VIII of Denmark in the 1840s to succeed to the Danish throne if the latter's male line died out, but renounced his rights to the throne in 1851 in favor of his aunt, Louise. Frederick William was of practically Danish upbringing, having lived all his life in Denmark, but in 1875, when the senior branch of Hesse-Kassel became extinct, he settled in northern Germany, where the House had substantial landholdings.
Marriage and issueedit
Prince Frederick Charles and Princess Margaret of Prussia in 1893
Richard Wilhelm Leopold (1901–1969), twin with his brother Christoph; unmarried
Upon their father's death in 1884, Frederick's eldest brother Frederick William became the head of the House of Hesse, and afterwards his next brother Alexander.
The wedding of Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse and Princess Margaret of Prussia.
Frederick Charles was elected the King of Finland by the Parliament of Finland on 9 October 1918. However, with the end of World War I, in light of his German birth (and despite his Danish roots through his paternal grandmother) and the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany ending monarchies in Germany, the arrangement was quickly considered untenable by influential Finns of the time and by Frederick himself. Not much is known of the official stance of the victorious Allied Powers. Frederick Charles renounced the throne on 14 December 1918, without ever arriving in the country, much less taking up his position. Finland's subsequent elections were a victory for anti-monarchists, and the parliament quickly adopted a republicanconstitution.
The electoral document refers to Prince Frederick Charles with the Finnish name Fredrik Kaarle.[1]: 189 Other proposals for a Finnish regnal name included Kaarle and Kaarlo. The regnal name "Väinö I", which lived on in the memory of the Finns, probably came from a newspaper causerie:[2]: 26 in 1927 in Suomen Sosialidemokraatti, "Hesekiel" (Heikki Välisalmi) claimed Väinö had been the intended name;[3] already in 1918 in Uusi Päivä , "Olli" (Väinö Nuorteva) had suggested "Ilmari, Väinö, Kauko, Jouko, Usko, Jaska?".[4]
Later lifeedit
Landgrave Alexander Frederick of Hesse abdicated as the head of the House of Hesse on 16 March 1925, and was succeeded by Frederick Charles, his younger brother.
At Frederick's death, his eldest surviving son, Philipp, succeeded him as head.
However, according to certain family documents and correspondence, his successor as King of Finland would have been his second surviving son Prince Wolfgang of Hesse (1896–1989), apparently because Philipp was already the designated heir of the rights over the Electorate of Hesse, but certainly because Wolfgang was with his parents in 1918 and ready to travel to Finland, where a wedding to a Finnish lady was already in preparation for the coming crown prince. Philipp was in the military and unable to be contacted at the time. This choice of the younger of the twins, however, was not intended to mean that in future generations, the kingship would have been passed on through secundogeniture, with the eldest son always succeeding to the Hesse title (according to Dr. Vesa Vares). On the contrary, it is practically inconceivable that succession of a kingdom would depend on secondary consideration.
^Vihdoinkin, Uusi Päivä 11 September 1918, issue #147.
^ abcde"Genealogy", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (in German), Darmstadt: Im Verlag der Invalidenanstalt, 1912–1913, p. 4 – via hathitrust.org
^ abGroßherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, pp. 2, 4 – via hathitrust.org
^Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt (1894), "Herzoglicher Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17
^"Schwarzer Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.) (in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p. 5 – via hathitrust.org{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 17
^Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 465. ISBN978-87-7674-434-2.
^Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 212
^Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 41
Large article on Helsingin Sanomat newspaper about Friedrich Karl and his descendants, including the current "pretender" for the throne.
Nash, Michael L (2012) The last King of Finland. Royalty Digest Quarterly, 2012 : 1
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse.
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2015 Learn how and when to remove this message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Finnish June 2014 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Finnish Wikipedia article at fi Friedrich Karl see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated fi Friedrich Karl to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Frederick Charles Louis Constantine Prince and Landgrave of Hesse German Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen Kassel Finnish Fredrik Kaarle 1 May 1868 28 May 1940 was the brother in law of the German Emperor Wilhelm II He was elected King of Finland on 9 October 1918 but renounced the throne on 14 December 1918 Frederick CharlesFrederick Charles c 1917King elect of FinlandReign9 October 1918 14 December 1918 never reigned SuccessorMonarchy abolished a RegentP E SvinhufvudC G E MannerheimHead of the House of HesseTenure16 March 1925 28 May 1940PredecessorAlexander FrederickSuccessorPhilippBorn 1868 05 01 1 May 1868Panker Castle Plon Kingdom of PrussiaDied28 May 1940 1940 05 28 aged 72 Kassel Nazi GermanyBurialSchloss Friedrichshof Kronberg im Taunus GermanySpousePrincess Margaret of Prussia m 1893 wbr IssuePrince Friedrich WilhelmPrince MaximilianPhilipp Landgrave of Hesse Prince WolfgangPrince ChristophPrince RichardNamesFrederick Charles Louis ConstantineHouseHesse KasselFatherFrederick William Landgrave of HesseMotherPrincess Anna of Prussia Contents 1 Early life 2 Marriage and issue 3 The Finnish throne 4 Later life 5 Notes 6 Honours 7 Ancestry 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksEarly life editFrederick was born at his family s Panker Castle in Plon Holstein He was the third son of Frederick William of Hesse Landgrave of Hesse and his second wife Princess Anna of Prussia daughter of Prince Charles of Prussia and Princess Marie Louise of Saxe Weimar Eisenach Frederick William a Danish military officer had been one and perhaps the foremost of the candidates of Christian VIII of Denmark in the 1840s to succeed to the Danish throne if the latter s male line died out but renounced his rights to the throne in 1851 in favor of his aunt Louise Frederick William was of practically Danish upbringing having lived all his life in Denmark but in 1875 when the senior branch of Hesse Kassel became extinct he settled in northern Germany where the House had substantial landholdings Marriage and issue edit nbsp Prince Frederick Charles and Princess Margaret of Prussia in 1893 On 25 January 1893 Frederick Charles married Princess Margaret of Prussia youngest sister of Kaiser Wilhelm II and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom They had six children all sons including two sets of twins Friedrich Wilhelm of Hesse 23 November 1893 12 September 1916 died in World War I during the Dobrujan campaign Maximilian Friedrich Wilhelm Georg 20 October 1894 13 October 1914 died in World War I Philipp Landgrave of Hesse 1896 1980 twin with his brother Wolfgang married Princess Mafalda of Savoy 1902 1944 Buchenwald daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and had issue Prince Wolfgang of Hesse 1896 1989 twin with his brother Philipp He was the designated Crown Prince of Finland officially until 14 December 1918 He married Princess Marie Alexandra of Baden no issue Prince Christoph Ernst August of Hesse 1901 1943 twin with his brother Richard An SS officer who died in active service during World War II he married Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark sister of Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh and had issue Richard Wilhelm Leopold 1901 1969 twin with his brother Christoph unmarried Upon their father s death in 1884 Frederick s eldest brother Frederick William became the head of the House of Hesse and afterwards his next brother Alexander The Finnish throne editMain article Kingdom of Finland 1918 nbsp The wedding of Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse and Princess Margaret of Prussia Frederick Charles was elected the King of Finland by the Parliament of Finland on 9 October 1918 However with the end of World War I in light of his German birth and despite his Danish roots through his paternal grandmother and the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany ending monarchies in Germany the arrangement was quickly considered untenable by influential Finns of the time and by Frederick himself Not much is known of the official stance of the victorious Allied Powers Frederick Charles renounced the throne on 14 December 1918 without ever arriving in the country much less taking up his position Finland s subsequent elections were a victory for anti monarchists and the parliament quickly adopted a republican constitution The electoral document refers to Prince Frederick Charles with the Finnish name Fredrik Kaarle 1 189 Other proposals for a Finnish regnal name included Kaarle and Kaarlo The regnal name Vaino I which lived on in the memory of the Finns probably came from a newspaper causerie 2 26 in 1927 in Suomen Sosialidemokraatti Hesekiel Heikki Valisalmi claimed Vaino had been the intended name 3 already in 1918 in Uusi Paiva Olli Vaino Nuorteva had suggested Ilmari Vaino Kauko Jouko Usko Jaska 4 Later life editLandgrave Alexander Frederick of Hesse abdicated as the head of the House of Hesse on 16 March 1925 and was succeeded by Frederick Charles his younger brother At Frederick s death his eldest surviving son Philipp succeeded him as head However according to certain family documents and correspondence his successor as King of Finland would have been his second surviving son Prince Wolfgang of Hesse 1896 1989 apparently because Philipp was already the designated heir of the rights over the Electorate of Hesse but certainly because Wolfgang was with his parents in 1918 and ready to travel to Finland where a wedding to a Finnish lady was already in preparation for the coming crown prince Philipp was in the military and unable to be contacted at the time This choice of the younger of the twins however was not intended to mean that in future generations the kingship would have been passed on through secundogeniture with the eldest son always succeeding to the Hesse title according to Dr Vesa Vares On the contrary it is practically inconceivable that succession of a kingdom would depend on secondary consideration Notes edit He was de facto succeeded by Kaarlo Juho Stahlberg as President of the Republic Honours edit nbsp Grand Duchy of Hesse 5 Knight of the Golden Lion with Collar 4 August 1885 6 Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order 1 May 1892 6 Wedding Medal of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig and Grand Duchess Victoria Melita 1894 nbsp Duchy of Anhalt Grand Cross of the Order of Albert the Bear 1886 7 nbsp Principality of Bulgaria Grand Cross of St Alexander 5 nbsp Kingdom of Greece Grand Cross of the Redeemer 5 nbsp Oldenburg Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig with Golden Crown 5 nbsp Kingdom of Prussia 5 Knight of the Black Eagle 24 December 1892 with Collar 17 January 1893 8 Grand Cross of the Red Eagle nbsp Saxe Weimar Eisenach Grand Cross of the White Falcon 1893 9 nbsp Denmark Knight of the Elephant with Collar 24 June 1895 10 nbsp United Kingdom Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath civil 22 June 1897 11 nbsp Baden Knight of the House Order of Fidelity 1902 12 Ancestry editAncestors of Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse8 Prince Frederick of Hesse Kassel4 Prince William of Hesse Kassel9 Princess Caroline of Nassau Usingen2 Frederick William II Landgrave of Hesse10 Frederick Hereditary Prince of Denmark5 Princess Charlotte of Denmark11 Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg Schwerin1 Frederick Charles Landgrave of Hesse12 Frederick William III of Prussia6 Prince Charles of Prussia13 Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg Strelitz3 Princess Anna of Prussia14 Charles Frederick Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach7 Princess Marie of Saxe Weimar Eisenach15 Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of RussiaSee also editList of Finnish monarchs Rulers of Hesse Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria Mindaugas II of LithuaniaReferences edit Hulden Anders Kuningasseikkailu Suomessa 1918 Helsinki Kirjayhtyma 1988 ISBN 951 26 2980 1 Baer Katarina Suomen kuningas Helsingin Sanomat monthly supplement 8 2002 Vaino Suomen Sosialidemokraatti 17 February 1927 issue 39 Vihdoinkin Uusi Paiva 11 September 1918 issue 147 a b c d e Genealogy Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Hessen in German Darmstadt Im Verlag der Invalidenanstalt 1912 1913 p 4 via hathitrust org a b Grossherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste in German Darmstadt Staatsverlag 1914 pp 2 4 via hathitrust org Hof und Staats Handbuch fur des Herzogtum Anhalt 1894 Herzoglicher Haus Orden Albrecht des Baren p 17 Schwarzer Adler orden Koniglich Preussische Ordensliste supp in German vol 1 Berlin 1886 p 5 via hathitrust org a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Staatshandbuch fur das Grossherzogtum Sachsen Sachsen Weimar Eisenach 1900 Grossherzogliche Hausorden p 17 Jorgen Pedersen 2009 Riddere af Elefantordenen 1559 2009 in Danish Syddansk Universitetsforlag p 465 ISBN 978 87 7674 434 2 Shaw Wm A 1906 The Knights of England I London p 212 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Baden 1910 Grossherzogliche Orden p 41 Large article on Helsingin Sanomat newspaper about Friedrich Karl and his descendants including the current pretender for the throne Nash Michael L 2012 The last King of Finland Royalty Digest Quarterly 2012 1External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse Portraits of Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse at the National Portrait Gallery London nbsp Prince Frederick Charles of HesseHouse of Hesse KasselBorn 1 May 1868 Died 28 May 1940 Regnal titles Preceded byAlexander Frederick Head of the House of Hesse Succeeded byLandgraf Philipp Titles in pretence Kingdom abolished TITULAR King of Finland and Karelia14 December 1918 28 May 1940Reason for succession failure Kingdom abolished in 1918 Succeeded byPhilipp Preceded byAlexander Frederick TITULAR Elector of Hesse Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse amp oldid 1207574278, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
