Premier of the People's Republic of China
The premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, commonly called the premier of China, is the head of government of China and leader of the State Council. The premier is the second-highest ranking person in China's political system, under the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party/president of China (paramount leader), and holds the highest rank in the civil service of the central government.
| Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China | |
|---|---|
| 中华人民共和国国务院总理 | |
| State Council of the People's Republic of China | |
| Style |
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| Type | Head of government |
| Member of |
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| Reports to | National People's Congress and its Standing Committee |
| Residence | Zhongnanhai |
| Seat | Premier's Office, Zhongnanhai, Beijing |
| Nominator | President (chosen within the Chinese Communist Party) |
| Appointer | National People's Congress |
| Term length | Five years, renewable once |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of the People's Republic of China |
| Precursor | Premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government |
| Inaugural holder | Zhou Enlai |
| Formation | 7 November 1931 (Chinese Soviet Republic) 1 October 1949 (People's Republic of China) |
| Abolished | 22 September 1937 (Chinese Soviet Republic) |
| Unofficial names | Prime Minister |
| Deputy | Vice Premier State councillor |
| Salary | CN¥150,000 per annum est. (2015)[1] |
| Website | www.gov.cn |
| Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 中华人民共和国国务院总理 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中華人民共和國國務院總理 | ||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 国务院总理 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 國務院總理 | ||||||
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The premier is responsible to the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. The premier serves for a five-year term, renewable once. The premier presides over the plenary and executive meetings of the State Council, and is assisted by four vice premiers in their work. Every premier has been a member of the Politburo Standing Committee since the PRC's founding in 1949, except during brief transition periods. In China's political system, the premier has generally thought to be the one responsible for managing the economy.
The incumbent premier is Li Qiang, who took office on 11 March 2023, succeeding Li Keqiang.
History Edit
Since the 1980s, there has been a division of responsibilities between the premier and the CCP general secretary wherein the premier is responsible for the economy and the technical details of implementing government policy while the general secretary gathers the political support necessary for government policy.[2] However, this has been overturned under the leadership of CCP general secretary Xi Jinping, who has centralized power around himself, and taken responsibility over areas that were traditionally the domain of the premier, including the economy.[2]
The premier was historically chosen within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) through deliberations by incumbent CCP Politburo members and retired CCP Politburo members as part of the process of determining membership in the incoming new CCP Politburo Standing Committee. Under this informal process, the eventual future premier is initially chosen as a vice premier before assuming the position of premier during a subsequent round of leadership transitions.[3] This changed under Xi, with his ally and current premier Li Qiang never having served as vice premier.[4]
Powers and duties Edit
Officially, the premier is approved by the National People's Congress (NPC) upon the nomination of the president.[5] In practice, the premier is chosen within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leadership, including the Politburo Standing Committee.[3][4] The premier has been supported by four vice premiers since Deng Xiaoping's reform in 1983.[6] The first-ranked vice premier acts in the premier's capacity in their absence. Both the premier and the vice premiers are selected once every five years and are limited to two terms.[5] The premier has always been a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
The premier is the highest administrative position in the Government of China. The premier heads the State Council[7] and is responsible for organizing and administering the Chinese civil bureaucracy. For example, the premier is tasked with planning and implementing national economic, social development and the state budget.[5] This includes overseeing the various ministries, departments, commissions and statutory agencies[4] and nominating candidates for vice premiers, state councillors and ministerial offices to the NPC.[5] The premier can also propose the establishment, merger or dissolution of ministries, which would then be decided upon by the NPC or its Standing Committee.[8]
The premier chairs the plenary and executive meetings of the State Council. The executive meetings include the premier, vice premiers, state councillors and the secretary-general of the State Council,[5] and are held two or three times a month, and can be held in any time if necessary.[9] The State Council has the authority to issue proposals to the NPC and its Standing Committee and draft administrative regulations, which must be endorsed by the premier.[9] The premier also signs the decree approving the appointments of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong[10] and the Chief Executive of Macau.[11]
The premier does not have command authority over the armed forces, but is generally the head of the National Defense Mobilization Commission which is a department of the armed forces.[12] The State Council has the authority to impose martial law in subdivisions below the provincial-level administrative divisions, which the premier then proclaims in an order;[13] premier Li Peng used the authority to impose martial law in parts of Beijing and to order the military crackdown of the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989.[14]
See also Edit
Further reading Edit
- Shambaugh, David (2021). China's Leaders: From Mao to Now. Polity. ISBN 9781509546510.
References Edit
- ^ Luo, Wangshu (2015-01-20). "Public Employees Get Salary Increase". China Daily. from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
- ^ a b Wei, Lingling (2022-05-11). "China's Forgotten Premier Steps Out of Xi's Shadow as Economic Fixer". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
- ^ a b "China's backroom power brokers block reform candidates". South China Morning Post. 21 November 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ a b c Hadano, Tsukasa; Kawate, Iori (31 December 2022). "Xi loyalist set to become China premier without stint as deputy". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "Constitution of the People's Republic of China". National People's Congress. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
- ^ Tang, Frank; Wang, Orange (27 October 2022). "China's top legislature 'deliberates' on new nominations, as leadership reshuffle stokes market turmoil". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- ^ Shambaugh 2021, p. 18.
- ^ "Organic Law of the State Council of the People's Republic of China". National People's Congress. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ a b Zheng, William (28 March 2023). "New work rules for China's State Council put the party firmly in charge". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ Lau, Chris (20 May 2022). "Chinese premier formally approves appointment of John Lee as Hong Kong's next leader ahead of July 1 swearing-in ceremony". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ^ "State Council appoints Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor HKSAR chief executive". Xinhua News Agency. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ^ "NIDS China Security Report 2012" (PDF). National Institute for Defense Studies. December 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
- ^ "Martial Law of the People's Republic of China". National People's Congress. 11 December 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ Huang, Cary (24 July 2019). "Obituary: Li Peng, China's technocrat 'communist warrior' who rose to the top in chaotic times". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
External links Edit
- Official website
- Corpus of Political Speeches Free access to the Prime Minister’s work report and political speeches from other regions, developed by the Hong Kong Baptist University Library.