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Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union

January 01, 1970

The Central Executive Committee of the USSR (Russian: Центральный исполнительный комитет СССР, romanized: Tsentralʹnyĭ ispolnitelʹnyĭ komitet SSSR), which may be abbreviated as the CEC (Russian: ЦИК, romanized: TsIK),[2][b] was the supreme governing body of the USSR in between sessions of the All-Union Congress of Soviets from 1922 to 1938. The Central Executive Committee elected the Presidium,[c] which, like its parent body, was delegated governing authority when the other was not in session. The chairman of the Presidium, served as the ceremonial head of state of the USSR.[d] The Central Executive Committee also elected the Council of People's Commissars which was its executive and administrative organ. The Central Executive Committee of the USSR was established in 1922 by the First All-Union Congress of Soviets, and was replaced by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in 1938.

Central Executive Committee of the USSR
Центральный исполнительный комитет СССР
 Soviet Union
Type
Type
History
Established1922
Disbanded1938
Preceded byNone (creation of a new state)[a]
Succeeded byPresidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Elections
Soviet of the Union voting system
Indirect election; elected by the All-Union Congress of Soviets
Soviet of Nationalities voting system
Indirect election; elected by the union and autonomous republics and approved by the All-Union Congress of Soviets
Meeting place
Kremlin Senate[1]

Initially the committee had four co-chairs, after 1925 there were seven. The Kazakh and Kirghiz SSRs were created in 1936 and did not have co-chairs in the committee, as it dissolved just two years later.

Description edit

The Central Executive Committee was created with the adoption of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR in December 1922. The Central Executive Committee was elected by the Congress of Soviets to govern on its behalf whenever the Congress of Soviets was not in session. The Central Executive Committee was convened by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee, which was elected by the Central Executive Committee to govern on its behalf whenever it was not in session.[3]

The Central Executive Committee of the USSR should not be confused with the Central Executive Committees that operated in each of the Soviet Union's constituent republics. These were:

List of the Central Executive Committees of the Soviet Union edit

  • Central Executive Committee of the First Congress of Soviets (elected on 30 December 1922)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 30 December 1922
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 6 July 1923
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 6–12 November 1923
  • Central Executive Committee of the Second Congress of Soviets (elected on 2 February 1924)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 2 February 1924
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 17–29 October 1924
    • 3rd session (Tbilisi) – 3–7 March 1925
  • Central Executive Committee of the Third Congress of Soviets (elected on 20 May 1925)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 21 May 1925
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 12–25 April 1926
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 14–25 February 1927
  • Central Executive Committee of the Fourth Congress of Soviets (elected on 26 April 1927)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 27 April 1927
    • 2nd session (Leningrad) – 15–20 October 1927
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 11–21 April 1928
    • 4th session (Moscow) – 3–15 December 1928
  • Central Executive Committee of the Fifth Congress of Soviets (elected on 28 May 1929)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 29 May 1929
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 29 November – 8 December 1929
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 4–12 January 1931
  • Central Executive Committee of the Sixth Congress of Soviets (elected on 17 March 1931)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 18 March 1931
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 22–28 December 1931
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 23–30 January 1933
    • 4th session (Moscow) – 28 December 1933 – 4 January 1934
  • Central Executive Committee of the Seventh Congress of Soviets (elected on 6 February 1935)
    • 1st session (Moscow) – 7–8 February 1935
    • 2nd session (Moscow) – 10–17 January 1936
    • 3rd session (Moscow) – 11–14 January 1937
    • 4th session (Moscow) – 7–9 July 1937

Leadership edit

Chairmen edit

The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee consisted of 21 members and included the Presidia of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities. A representative of each constituent republic (initially four) was elected one of the directors of the presidium.

As more entities (usually previously Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics) were promoted to the status of constituent republics of the USSR, they received representation among the directors of the Presidium:

Presidium secretaries edit

Soviet of the Union chairmen edit

Soviet of Nationalities chairmen edit

Powers edit

The 1924 Soviet Constitution defined the powers of the CEC as:

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Per statement of the First All-Union Congress of Soviets
  2. ^ Further, some authors may use the term All-Union Central Executive Committee
  3. ^ Not to be confused with the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
  4. ^ During its existence, there was only one chairman: Mikhail Kalinin

References edit

  1. ^ "Senate Palace". My Moscow. yamoscow.ru. 7 March 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  2. ^ "Glossary". Seventeen Moments in Soviet History. 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  3. ^ "USSR Central Executive Committee. Great Russian Encyclopedi". from the original on 2019-07-11.

External links edit

  • The highest organs of state power of the USSR (Высшие органы государственной власти СССР).

January 01, 1970
central, executive, committee, soviet, union, central, executive, committee, ussr, russian, Центральный, исполнительный, комитет, СССР, romanized, tsentralʹnyĭ, ispolnitelʹnyĭ, komitet, sssr, which, abbreviated, russian, ЦИК, romanized, tsik, supreme, governin. The Central Executive Committee of the USSR Russian Centralnyj ispolnitelnyj komitet SSSR romanized Tsentralʹnyĭ ispolnitelʹnyĭ komitet SSSR which may be abbreviated as the CEC Russian CIK romanized TsIK 2 b was the supreme governing body of the USSR in between sessions of the All Union Congress of Soviets from 1922 to 1938 The Central Executive Committee elected the Presidium c which like its parent body was delegated governing authority when the other was not in session The chairman of the Presidium served as the ceremonial head of state of the USSR d The Central Executive Committee also elected the Council of People s Commissars which was its executive and administrative organ The Central Executive Committee of the USSR was established in 1922 by the First All Union Congress of Soviets and was replaced by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in 1938 Central Executive Committee of the USSRCentralnyj ispolnitelnyj komitet SSSR Soviet UnionTypeTypeBicameralHistoryEstablished1922Disbanded1938Preceded byNone creation of a new state a Succeeded byPresidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet UnionElectionsSoviet of the Union voting systemIndirect election elected by the All Union Congress of SovietsSoviet of Nationalities voting systemIndirect election elected by the union and autonomous republics and approved by the All Union Congress of SovietsMeeting placeKremlin Senate 1 Initially the committee had four co chairs after 1925 there were seven The Kazakh and Kirghiz SSRs were created in 1936 and did not have co chairs in the committee as it dissolved just two years later Contents 1 Description 2 List of the Central Executive Committees of the Soviet Union 3 Leadership 3 1 Chairmen 3 2 Presidium secretaries 3 3 Soviet of the Union chairmen 3 4 Soviet of Nationalities chairmen 4 Powers 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksDescription editThe Central Executive Committee was created with the adoption of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR in December 1922 The Central Executive Committee was elected by the Congress of Soviets to govern on its behalf whenever the Congress of Soviets was not in session The Central Executive Committee was convened by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee which was elected by the Central Executive Committee to govern on its behalf whenever it was not in session 3 The Central Executive Committee of the USSR should not be confused with the Central Executive Committees that operated in each of the Soviet Union s constituent republics These were The All Russian Central Executive Committee in the RSFSR The All Byelorussian Central Executive Committee in the Byelorussian SSR The All Ukrainian Central Executive Committee in the Ukrainian SSR The All Caucasian Central Executive Committee of the Transacaucasian SFSRList of the Central Executive Committees of the Soviet Union editCentral Executive Committee of the First Congress of Soviets elected on 30 December 1922 1st session Moscow 30 December 1922 2nd session Moscow 6 July 1923 3rd session Moscow 6 12 November 1923 Central Executive Committee of the Second Congress of Soviets elected on 2 February 1924 1st session Moscow 2 February 1924 2nd session Moscow 17 29 October 1924 3rd session Tbilisi 3 7 March 1925 Central Executive Committee of the Third Congress of Soviets elected on 20 May 1925 1st session Moscow 21 May 1925 2nd session Moscow 12 25 April 1926 3rd session Moscow 14 25 February 1927 Central Executive Committee of the Fourth Congress of Soviets elected on 26 April 1927 1st session Moscow 27 April 1927 2nd session Leningrad 15 20 October 1927 3rd session Moscow 11 21 April 1928 4th session Moscow 3 15 December 1928 Central Executive Committee of the Fifth Congress of Soviets elected on 28 May 1929 1st session Moscow 29 May 1929 2nd session Moscow 29 November 8 December 1929 3rd session Moscow 4 12 January 1931 Central Executive Committee of the Sixth Congress of Soviets elected on 17 March 1931 1st session Moscow 18 March 1931 2nd session Moscow 22 28 December 1931 3rd session Moscow 23 30 January 1933 4th session Moscow 28 December 1933 4 January 1934 Central Executive Committee of the Seventh Congress of Soviets elected on 6 February 1935 1st session Moscow 7 8 February 1935 2nd session Moscow 10 17 January 1936 3rd session Moscow 11 14 January 1937 4th session Moscow 7 9 July 1937Leadership editChairmen edit The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee consisted of 21 members and included the Presidia of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities A representative of each constituent republic initially four was elected one of the directors of the presidium Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Mikhail Kalinin December 30 1922 January 12 1938 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Grigory Petrovsky December 30 1922 January 12 1938 Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Alexander Chervyakov December 30 1922 June 16 1937 Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic Nariman Narimanov December 30 1922 March 19 1925 Gazanfar Musabekov May 21 1925 June 1937 As more entities usually previously Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics were promoted to the status of constituent republics of the USSR they received representation among the directors of the Presidium Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic from 1924 Fayzulla Khodzhayev May 21 1925 June 17 1937 Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic from 1925 Nedirbay Aytakov May 21 1925 21 July 1937 Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic from 1929 Nusratullo Maksum March 18 1931 January 4 1934 Abdullo Rakhimbayev January 4 1934 September 1937 Presidium secretaries edit 1922 1935 Avel Yenukidze 1935 1937 Ivan Akulov 1937 1938 Aleksandr Gorkin Soviet of the Union chairmen edit Soviet of Nationalities chairmen edit 1927 Mykola SkrypnykPowers editThe 1924 Soviet Constitution defined the powers of the CEC as Calling of the Congresses of Soviets Election of the Council of the People s Commissars Sovnarkom Adoption of decrees and legislative acts Legislative and administrative actions assigned to itSee also editAll Union Congress of Soviets All Union Council on Physical Culture and SportsNotes edit Per statement of the First All Union Congress of Soviets Further some authors may use the term All Union Central Executive Committee Not to be confused with the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet During its existence there was only one chairman Mikhail KalininReferences edit Senate Palace My Moscow yamoscow ru 7 March 2021 Retrieved 9 September 2021 Glossary Seventeen Moments in Soviet History 2015 07 21 Retrieved 2023 11 30 USSR Central Executive Committee Great Russian Encyclopedi Archived from the original on 2019 07 11 External links editThe highest organs of state power of the USSR Vysshie organy gosudarstvennoj vlasti SSSR Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union amp oldid 1219509013 Leadership, wikipedia, 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