The Presidency had eight members elected by parliaments of each republic and autonomous province and proclaimed by the Federal Assembly of the SFRY, the ninth member was president of the Presidency of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. This ex officio membership of the LCY leader was abolished by the constitutional changes in autumn 1988.[3] The mandate of the Presidency lasted five years so the nine-member Presidency was elected in total four times – in 1974, 1979, 1984 and 1989.
Until 1980 most of powers of the Presidency (and control over the country in general) were in fact exercised by Josip Broz Tito, who was president of the republic for life. After his death in May 1980, his office stayed vacant and the Presidency began to function according to the constitution.
Sometimes, the Presidency held its sessions in an extended composition. Besides the members of the actual Presidency, in such sessions took part following officials: chairman of the Federal Assembly, chairman and vice-chairman of the Federal Executive Council (the government), federal secretaries (ministers) of defense, interior and foreign affairs, chairman of the Federal Conference of the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia and chairmen of the Presidencies of the Yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces.[4] The extended Presidency wasn't grounded in the Constitution and couldn't itself adopt any decisions.
Post-Tito periodEdit
Tito, as a president of the republic, was ex officio chairman of the Presidency. After his death a new chairman of the Presidency was elected every year. The order of rotating of the members on the leading position was agreed in advance, so this annual election was a pure formality. The rotating system jammed only in May 1991 –Stipe Mesić, representative of Franjo Tuđman's new Croatian government in the Presidency, was about to become the chairman but wasn't elected due to opposition of a half of the Presidency controlled by Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević. The top state office of the disintegrating federation remained vacant until 1 July when Mesić was finally elected.[5][6]
Only one year after Tito's death, Yugoslav leaders had to face violent riots in Kosovo. On 2 April 1981 the Presidency under chairmanship of Cvijetin Mijatović declared a state of emergency in Priština and Kosovska Mitrovica, which lasted one week.[7][8] The Presidency declared the state of emergency again, that time on the whole territory of Kosovo, on 27 February 1989 under chairmanship of Raif Dizdarević, when even more serious disorders in Kosovo broke out.[8][9] For the third time in post-Tito Yugoslavia, the state of emergency in Kosovo was imposed by the Presidency in February 1990.[10]
The composition of the last Presidency elected in May 1989 reflected both approach of political pluralism in some parts of the federation and the beginning of agony in Yugoslavia:
representatives of Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo and Vojvodina, i.e. half of the Presidency, were acting under de facto control of Slobodan Milošević[6][13]
Stipe Šuvar, Croat representative of strongly pro-Yugoslav opinions,[14] was in October 1990 replaced by Stipe Mesić nominated by Croatian government.[15]
In summer 1991 Mesić and Drnovšek, regarding their republics independent, ceased to attend sessions of the Presidency. They were followed by Bogićević and Vasil Tupurkovski from Macedonia, so that the Presidency de facto ceased to exist, although the members from Serbia, her provinces (Kosovo and Vojvodina) and Montenegro continued to hold sessions until 1992.[6]
^Interview with Stipe Šuvar, Radio Free Europe (in Serbo-Croatian) 2008-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
October 18, 2023
presidency, yugoslavia, presidency, socialist, federal, republic, yugoslavia, serbian, Председништво, СФРЈ, romanized, predsedništvo, sfrj, bosnian, croatian, predsjedništvo, sfrj, slovene, predsedstvo, sfrj, macedonian, Председателство, на, СФРЈ, romanized, p. The Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Serbian Predsednishtvo SFRЈ romanized Predsednistvo SFRJ Bosnian and Croatian Predsjednistvo SFRJ Slovene Predsedstvo SFRJ Macedonian Predsedatelstvo na SFRЈ romanized Predsedatelstvo na SFRJ was the collective head of state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia It was established in 1971 according to amendments to the 1963 Constitution and reorganized by the 1974 Constitution Up to 1974 the Presidency had 23 members three from each republic two from each autonomous province and President Josip Broz Tito 1 In 1974 the Presidency was reduced to 9 members one from each republic and autonomous province and until 1988 President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia ex officio Presidency of YugoslaviaSerbian Predsednishtvo SFRЈ Croatian Predsjednistvo SFRJBosnian Predsjednistvo SFRJSlovene Predsedstvo SFRJ Macedonian Predsedatelstvo na SFRЈStandard of a Member of the Presidency of YugoslaviaBest known officeholderJosip Broz Tito30 June 1971 4 May 1980Term lengthNo fixed lengthFormation30 June 1971First holderJosip Broz TitoFinal holderBranko KosticAbolished15 June 1992 Contents 1 Constitutional powers 2 Post Tito period 3 Composition 1971 1992 3 1 Notes 4 Members 5 See also 6 ReferencesConstitutional powers EditAccording to the 1974 Constitution the Presidency had following powers 2 representing the federation both inside and outside the country commanding the Yugoslav People s Army deciding on using the army both in war and in peace protecting equality of Yugoslav nationalities protecting the constitutional order proposing a candidate for the federal prime minister proposing candidates for federal constitutional judges appointing the ambassadors and generals and admirals appointing the National Defense Council and if needed also other agencies one of such was Federal Council for Protection of the Constitutional Order giving quarters and awarding state decorationsThe Presidency had eight members elected by parliaments of each republic and autonomous province and proclaimed by the Federal Assembly of the SFRY the ninth member was president of the Presidency of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia This ex officio membership of the LCY leader was abolished by the constitutional changes in autumn 1988 3 The mandate of the Presidency lasted five years so the nine member Presidency was elected in total four times in 1974 1979 1984 and 1989 Until 1980 most of powers of the Presidency and control over the country in general were in fact exercised by Josip Broz Tito who was president of the republic for life After his death in May 1980 his office stayed vacant and the Presidency began to function according to the constitution Sometimes the Presidency held its sessions in an extended composition Besides the members of the actual Presidency in such sessions took part following officials chairman of the Federal Assembly chairman and vice chairman of the Federal Executive Council the government federal secretaries ministers of defense interior and foreign affairs chairman of the Federal Conference of the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia and chairmen of the Presidencies of the Yugoslav republics and autonomous provinces 4 The extended Presidency wasn t grounded in the Constitution and couldn t itself adopt any decisions Post Tito period EditTito as a president of the republic was ex officio chairman of the Presidency After his death a new chairman of the Presidency was elected every year The order of rotating of the members on the leading position was agreed in advance so this annual election was a pure formality The rotating system jammed only in May 1991 Stipe Mesic representative of Franjo Tuđman s new Croatian government in the Presidency was about to become the chairman but wasn t elected due to opposition of a half of the Presidency controlled by Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic The top state office of the disintegrating federation remained vacant until 1 July when Mesic was finally elected 5 6 Only one year after Tito s death Yugoslav leaders had to face violent riots in Kosovo On 2 April 1981 the Presidency under chairmanship of Cvijetin Mijatovic declared a state of emergency in Pristina and Kosovska Mitrovica which lasted one week 7 8 The Presidency declared the state of emergency again that time on the whole territory of Kosovo on 27 February 1989 under chairmanship of Raif Dizdarevic when even more serious disorders in Kosovo broke out 8 9 For the third time in post Tito Yugoslavia the state of emergency in Kosovo was imposed by the Presidency in February 1990 10 The composition of the last Presidency elected in May 1989 reflected both approach of political pluralism in some parts of the federation and the beginning of agony in Yugoslavia Janez Drnovsek from Slovenia and Bogic Bogicevic from Bosnia and Herzegovina were elected in direct elections held in their republics 11 12 representatives of Serbia Montenegro Kosovo and Vojvodina i e half of the Presidency were acting under de facto control of Slobodan Milosevic 6 13 Stipe Suvar Croat representative of strongly pro Yugoslav opinions 14 was in October 1990 replaced by Stipe Mesic nominated by Croatian government 15 In summer 1991 Mesic and Drnovsek regarding their republics independent ceased to attend sessions of the Presidency They were followed by Bogicevic and Vasil Tupurkovski from Macedonia so that the Presidency de facto ceased to exist although the members from Serbia her provinces Kosovo and Vojvodina and Montenegro continued to hold sessions until 1992 6 Composition 1971 1992 EditPresidency 1971 1974Name Term of chairmanship RepresentingJosip Broz Tito 30 June 1971 15 May 1974 President of the Republic President of the League of Communists of YugoslaviaVidoje ZarkovicVeljko MicunovicDobroslav Culafic SR MontenegroJosif RajacicReplaced by Sreten KovacevicMacas KelemanReplaced by Mrs Ida Sabo SAP VojvodinaIlaz KurteshiVeli Deva SAP KosovoNikola MincevKrste CrvenkovskiKiro GligorovReplaced by Lazar Kolisevski SR MacedoniaHamdija PozderacRatomir DugonjicAugustin Papic SR Bosnia and HerzegovinaSergej KraigherMarko BulcMitja Ribicic SR SloveniaDragoslav MarkovicDobrivoje VidicKoca PopovicReplaced by Dragi Stamenkovic SR SerbiaJakov BlazevicĐuro KladarinMiko TripaloReplaced by Milan Miskovic SR CroatiaPresidency 1974 1979Josip Broz Tito 15 May 1974 15 May 1979 President of the Republic President of the League of Communists of YugoslaviaVidoje Zarkovic SR MontenegroStevan Doronjski SAP VojvodinaFadil Hoxha SAP KosovoLazar Kolisevski SR MacedoniaCvijetin Mijatovic SR Bosnia and HerzegovinaEdvard Kardelj11979 Sergej Kraigher SR SloveniaPetar Stambolic SR SerbiaVladimir Bakaric SR CroatiaPresidency 1979 1984Josip Broz Tito1 15 May 1979 4 May 1980 President of the Republic President of the League of Communists of YugoslaviaVidoje Zarkovic SR MontenegroStevan Doronjski11981 Radovan Vlajkovic SAP VojvodinaFadil Hoxha SAP KosovoLazar Kolisevski 4 May 1980 15 May 1980 SR MacedoniaCvijetin Mijatovic 15 May 1980 15 May 1981 SR Bosnia and HerzegovinaSergej Kraigher 15 May 1981 15 May 1982 SR SloveniaPetar Stambolic 15 May 1982 15 May 1983 SR SerbiaVladimir Bakaric11983 Mika Spiljak 15 May 1983 15 May 1984 SR Croatia1980 Stevan Doronjski1980 Lazar Mojsov1981 Dusan Dragosavac1982 Mitja Ribicic1983 Dragoslav Markovic League of Communists of YugoslaviaPresidency 1984 1989Veselin Đuranovic 15 May 1984 15 May 1985 SR MontenegroRadovan Vlajkovic 15 May 1985 15 May 1986 SAP VojvodinaSinan Hasani 15 May 1986 15 May 1987 SAP KosovoLazar Mojsov 15 May 1987 15 May 1988 SR MacedoniaBranko Mikulic21986 Hamdija Pozderac31987 Raif Dizdarevic 15 May 1988 15 May 1989 SR Bosnia and HerzegovinaStane Dolanc SR SloveniaNikola Ljubicic SR SerbiaJosip Vrhovec SR Croatia1984 Ali Shukri1985 Vidoje Zarkovic1986 Milanko Renovica1987 Bosko Krunic1988 Stipe Suvar until November 1988 League of Communists of YugoslaviaPresidency 1989 1992Dragutin Zelenovic51990 Jugoslav Kostic SAP VojvodinaRiza Sapunxhiu61991 Sejdo Bajramovic SAP KosovoVasil Tupurkovski SR Macedonia Republic of MacedoniaBogic Bogicevic SR Bosnia and HerzegovinaJanez Drnovsek 15 May 1989 15 May 1990 SR Slovenia Republic of SloveniaBorisav Jovic 15 May 1990 15 May 1991 SR SerbiaStipe Suvar41990 Stipe Mesic 1 July 1991 3 October 1991 SR Croatia Republic of CroatiaNenad Bucin71991 Branko Kostic 6 December 1991 15 June 1992 acting SR MontenegroNotes Edit Died while holding the office Resigned when he became Chairman of the Federal Executive Council Resigned due to accusation of participation in the Agrokomerc scandal Recalled by the Croatian Parliament Recalled by the Serbian Parliament Recalled by the Serbian Parliament Recalled by the Montenegrin ParliamentMembers EditList of members of the Presidency of YugoslaviaSee also EditList of heads of state of Yugoslavia President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia Vice President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia Prime Minister of Yugoslavia Presidency of Bosnia and HerzegovinaReferences Edit Slobodan Stankovic 1984 Yugoslavia s New State Presidency Archived 2011 08 17 at the Wayback Machine Constitution of the SFRY 1974 in Serbian Amendments to the Constitution of the SFRY 1988 in Serbian Interview with Raif Dizdarevic in Serbo Croatian Biography of Stipe Mesic in Croatian Archived 2012 07 17 at the Wayback Machine a b c Interview with Vasil Tupurkovski Radio Free Europe in Serbo Croatian Archived 2008 02 04 at the Wayback Machine Slobodan Stankovic 1982 Kosovo One year after the riots at the Wayback Machine archive index a b Interview with Raif Dizdarevic at the Wayback Machine archive index Radio Free Europe in Serbo Croatian Timetable of the conflicts in Kosovo Chronology of Yugoslavia s break up in Croatian Archived 2011 05 21 at the Wayback Machine Interview with Bogic Bogicevic Radio Free Europe in Serbo Croatian Archived 2008 02 04 at the Wayback Machine Janez Drnovsek on the English Wikipedia Interview with Stipe Mesic Radio Free Europe in Serbo Croatian Archived 2008 02 05 at the Wayback Machine Stipe Suvar obituary Interview with Stipe Suvar Radio Free Europe in Serbo Croatian Archived 2008 02 05 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Presidency of Yugoslavia amp oldid 1123773342, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
