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Premiership of Pedro Sánchez

April 11, 2024

The premiership of Pedro Sánchez began when Sánchez was sworn in as Prime Minister of Spain by King Felipe VI on 2 June 2018 and is currently ongoing.[1] He is the first prime minister in the recent Spanish history to reach the premiership after succeeding in a vote of no confidence against a ruling prime minister.[2][3] He was also the first prime minister elected by Parliament without being a member of parliament.[2]

Premiership of Pedro Sánchez
2 June 2018 – present
MonarchFelipe VI
CabinetSánchez I
Sánchez II
Sánchez III
PartyPSOE
Election2018
2019
2023
SeatPalace of Moncloa

Official website

During his speech as alternative candidate in the vote of no confidence, he said he planned to form a government that would eventually dissolve the Cortes Generales and call for a general election, but he did not specify when he would do it[4] while also saying that before calling for an election he intended take a series of measures like increasing unemployment benefits and proposing a law of equal pay between the sexes.[5] However, he also said he would uphold the 2018 budget made by the Rajoy government, a condition the Basque Nationalist Party imposed to vote for the motion of no-confidence.[6] Eventually, Sánchez was forced to resign when Parliament rejected the 2019 budget bill[7] and he called for snap election.[8]

After two general elections, in January 2020 Sánchez reached an agreement with the far-left Unidas Podemos electoral alliance,[9] forming Spain's first coalition government since the Second Republic (1931–1939).[10] On 7 October 2020, Sanchez presented a financial plan for the remainder of his term in office that went beyond drafting a new budget and predicted the creation of 800,000 jobs over the next three years.[11] He did not manage to finish his term, as he resigned again after the bad electoral results of the May 2023 local and regional elections, and asked the King to dissolve Parliament.[12] Following the general election on 23 July 2023, Sánchez once again formed a coalition government, this time with Sumar (successors of Unidas Podemos).[13]

Sánchez's premiership has been marked by several international events that have harmed Spanish interests, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the fall of Kabul, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the political instability in Latin America and the conflict between Hamas and Israel, among others. At the same time, domestic events such as the Storm Filomena and the Cumbre Vieja volcanic eruption has also caused trouble to his premiership. In any case, Sánchez's policies have had a markedly pro-European character,[14] and the prime minister's economic policy has been characterized by an increase in public spending and taxes, as well as direct opposition to the austerity policy carried out during the 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis. Equality has been one of the most important elements, having promoted new laws against sexual assaults, an expansion of the abortion law and the approval of the trans law. In this sense, Sánchez has always maintained a balanced cabinet of men and women.[15][16][17]

Sánchez's premiership has been one of continuous confrontations with the opposition, which has harshly criticized criticized for his pacts with regional parties, mainly of pro-independence or nationalist ideology.[18][19][20][21] These criticisms increased with the formation of his third government, since measures such as an amnesty law for Catalan independentists condemned by the 2017 illegal independence referendum caused numerous protests in the streets.[22][23][24]

Inauguration edit

See also: Sánchez I Government
 
Sánchez and his new cabinet at La Moncloa in June 2018

Sánchez was appointed by the King on 1 June 2018[25] and took office the following day in his presence. Present at the ceremony, as is tradition, were former Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, the First Notary of the Kingdom, Rafael Catalá, and the rest of the country's main authorities.[26]

Spanish media noted that while Sánchez was swearing his oath of office on the Spanish Constitution, no Bible nor crucifix were on display, for the first time in modern Spanish history due to Sánchez's atheism.[27] After being sworn in, Sánchez announced that he would only propose measures that had considerable parliamentary support, and reaffirmed the government's compliance with the EU deficit requirements.[28]

The 17 ministers of his new cabinet took office on 7 June 2018.[29] Sánchez formed a cabinet with 11 of the 18 ministerial positions of the Council being held by women.[30]

Domestic Policy edit

Exhumation of Franco edit

On 18 June 2018, Sánchez' government announced its intention to remove the remains of former dictator Francisco Franco from the Valle de los Caídos.[31] On 29 June 2018, the Archdiocese of Madrid warned the Spanish government against any plans to exhume the remains of Franco without first obtaining agreement from interested parties and formally stated it is against any move of Franco's remains without the consent of his family and before consultation with the Catholic Church. In addition, in its statement the Archdiocese of Madrid re-affirmed its position that although the Valle de los Caídos is officially a national monument, the Catholic Church must be consulted on burial-related matters under agreements between the Spanish state and the Vatican.[32] The announcement of the Archdiocese of Madrid was made after Pedro Sánchez confirmed that it was his intention to remove the remains of Franco from the Valle de los Caídos by the end of July.[33][34]

On 24 August 2018, Sánchez's cabinet approved a decree that modifies two aspects of the 2007 Historical Memory Law to allow the exhumation of Franco's remains from the Valle de los Caídos. The decree, to become law, must be passed by a vote of the Congress of Deputies. The conservative People's Party (PP) and the centre-right party Ciudadanos (Cs) have announced they will not support the decree. The PP further stated it will appeal the measure to the Constitutional Court arguing that using a decree to change the Historical Memory Law is not valid because the proposed modifications to the Historical Memory Law do not respond to a situation of urgent need. Deputy Prime Minister Carmen Calvo stated the decree law requires the exhumation of the remains of Franco to take place between 30 days and 12 months of passage by the Congress of Deputies.[35] The Congress of Deputies voted in favor of the exhumation on 13 September 2018.[36] After a year of legal battles with Franco's descendants, the exhumation took place on 24 October 2019, and Franco was reburied at Mingorrubio Cemetery in El Pardo with his wife Carmen Polo.[37]

In November 2018, the Mossos d'Esquadra reported the arrest of a Terrassa resident who was angry with the exhumation plans. He had an arsenal of 16 firearms at home,[39] and carried two guns in his car, one of them modified.[38] The man allegedly planned to kill Sánchez in order to finish, in his own words, with that "shitty red".[38]

Snap election and deadlock edit

See also: April 2019 Spanish general election
 
Prime Minister Sánchez announcing a snap election for 28 April 2019.

After the rejection of his budget, Sánchez called an early general election for 28 April 2019, making a television announcement in which he declared that "between doing nothing and continuing with the [former] budget and calling on Spaniards to have their say, I chose the second. Spain needs to keep advancing, progressing with tolerance, respect, moderation and common sense".[40]

The PSOE won the election, obtaining 29% of the vote which translated into 123 seats in the Congress of Deputies, well over the 85 seats and 23% share of the vote the party obtained in the 2016 election.[41] PSOE also won a majority in the Senate. Whilst the PSOE were 53 seats short of the 176 seats needed for an outright majority in the Congress of Deputies, a three-way split in the centre-right vote assured that it was the only party that could realistically form a government.[42][43][44]

On 6 June 2019, King Felipe VI, having previously held prospective meetings with the spokespeople of the political groups with representation in the new Congress of Deputies, formally proposed Sánchez as prospective Prime Minister. Sánchez accepted the task of trying to form a government "with honor and responsibility".[45] Several weeks of negotiations with Podemos ended in an agreement that Sánchez would appoint several Podemos members to the Cabinet, although not the party's leader Pablo Iglesias.[46] But in the final voting session, Podemos rejected the agreement and led Sánchez to try a second chance to be inaugurated in September.

Catalan separatism edit

Sánchez said he would "reinstate dialogue" with the Catalan independence movement.[6] In order to do so, the central government and the regional government reactivated intergovernmental commissions, a series of bodies composed by representatives of both governments.[47] Although there was some progress in the economic field, these commissions were paralyzed by the Catalonia regional government's demand to speak about a self-determination referendum, something that the central government rejected and in February 2019 the central government considered the relations between the two governments broken.[48] In December 2018, the FT reported that Sánchez "has warned Catalonia's government that he could deploy national police to the region, as tension flares up again between Madrid and Catalan separatists a year after a failed secession attempt".[49] The distance between the two governments became clear when the parliamentary opposition—among which was Catalan separatism—rejected the government's budget.[50] After this, the Prime Minister called a snap election.[51]

After the sentence in 2019 trial of Catalonia independence leaders Sánchez confirmed its support for the sentence, and denied possibility of any indulgence, proclaiming that the sentence should be served by convicts in its entirety,[52] in spite of that two years later Sánchez granted indulgence to all convicts.[53] Shortly after granting the indulgence, Sánchez stressed that despite of that there never will be a referendum for independence of Catalonia,[54] in response he was mocked by Gabriel Rufian and other Catalan politics, who reminded that two years before he claimed the same with regards to the indulgence, and insinuated that it is just a matter of time Sánchez will break his latest claims.[54]

COVID-19 pandemic edit

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
 
Sánchez announcing the state of alarm on 13 March 2020.

On 13 March 2020, Sánchez announced a declaration of the state of alarm in the nation for a period of 15 days, to become effective the following day after the approval of the Council of Ministers, becoming the second time in democratic history and the first time with this magnitude.[55] The following day imposed a nationwide lockdown, banning all trips that were not force majeure and announced it may intervene in companies to guarantee supplies.[56][57] On July 14, 2021, the Constitutional Court, acting upon the 2020'th appeal by Vox, sentenced by a narrow majority (6 votes in support vs. 5 votes against) that the state of alarm was inconstitutional in the part of suppressing the freedom of movement established by the Article 19 of the Constitution.[58]

Economic Policy edit

Bank consolidation edit

In early September 2020, state-controlled bank Bankia and Caixabank announced that they were very close to a deal to merge both banks. That merge would create the biggest domestic bank in Spain, surpassing Santander and BBVA.[59] Unidas Podemos, the coalition partner of the second Sánchez government and its leader, Second Deputy Prime Minister Pablo Iglesias rejected the merger describing it as a "privatization" and criticized that Third Deputy Prime Minister Calviño never revealed to them the existence of this talks.[60]

Calviño, whose signature was more than enough to authorize the merger,[61] received the support of the prime minister, who described the merger as something "positive" for the Spanish economy and the "territorial cohesion" since the bank would extend its influence from two to four Spanish regions.[62][63][64] Days later, Calviño described the banking consolidation as "probably inevitable" to keep the solvency and competitiveness of the banking sector in the future, but at the same time she warned that this type of operations should be carried out respecting competition and the interests of consumers and that the CNMC would be watching.[65] On September 17, 2020, the boards of both banks approved the merger.[66] The new bank, which will maintain the Caixabank brand, will have the Spanish government as the second largest shareholder, with 16.1% of the shares.[67]

Foreign Policy edit

Europe edit

European Union edit

 
Sánchez during his speech at the event organized by the Spanish Federal Council of the European Movement on 19 March 2019.

Since his arrival to power he has been strongly pro-European. This is evidenced by changes including the renaming of the Foreign Ministry to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation, and reverting the Secretary of State for European Affairs back to its original name, the Secretary of State for the European Union. He appointed Josep Borrell, former President of the European Parliament, as Foreign Minister, and Nadia Calviño as Minister of Economy, who served as Director-General for the EU Budget, and Secretary-General of the European Economic and Social Committee Luis Planas as Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.[68]

He also took a more active role in the international sphere, especially in the European Union, saying that "Spain has to claim its role" and declaring himself "a militant pro-European".[69]

On 16 January 2019, in a speech before the European Parliament, he said that the EU should be protected and turned into a global actor, and that a more social Europe is needed, with a strong monetary union.[70] He stated in a speech in March 2019 adding that the enemies of Europe are inside of the European Union.[71]

Sánchez, wanting to recover the weight of Spain in the European institutions, actively participated in the negotiations to form a new European Commission, led by Von Der Leyen. In this sense, Sánchez guaranteed for Spain the post of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, with Josep Borrell, the then Spanish foreign minister, as the high representative.[72]

In his second government, he continued strengthening the pro-European profile of its ministers, appointing José Luis Escrivá, the then chair of the Independent Authority for Fiscal Responsibility and former chair of the EU Independent Fiscal Institutions Network, as minister for social security.[73]

In June 2020, the Sánchez government proposed deputy prime minister and economy minister, Nadia Calviño, to be the next chair of the Eurogroup.[74]

Gibraltar edit

Sánchez has called for joint U.K.-Spanish sovereignty over British-controlled Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory in the south of the Iberian peninsula.[75] He publicly warned that Spain will "veto" Brexit deal over the issue of Gibraltar.[76] In November 2018, Sánchez said that "With Brexit we all lose, especially the United Kingdom, but when it comes to Gibraltar, Spain wins."[77]

On 31 December 2020, hours before the deadline for the final departure from the United Kingdom, the Spanish and British governments reached a pre-agreement on the Rock.[78] The agreement consisted of keeping Gibraltar within the Schengen Area under the responsibility of Spain as the member state of the Schengen Agreement. For border control and for a period of four years, it would be the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex), under Spanish authority, who would carry out this task. It also involved the demolition of the border fence.[78]

Africa edit

Relations with Morocco edit

Main article: Morocco–Spain relations

Focus Africa 2023 edit

Middle East edit

Saudi Arabia edit

In September 2018, Defense Minister Margarita Robles cancelled sales of laser-guided bombs to Saudi Arabia over concerns relating to the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen. Overruling Robles, Sánchez ordered the sale to proceed[79] because he had guaranteed President of Andalusia Susana Díaz help to protect jobs in the shipyards of the Bay of Cádiz, highly dependent on the €1.813 billion contract with Saudi Arabia to deliver five corvettes.[80][81] In response to the killing of Saudi dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi in October 2018, Sánchez defended the decision to continue arms sales to Saudi Arabia and insisted on his government's "responsibility" to protect jobs in the arms industry.[82][83]

2021 Afghanistan crisis edit

See also: Fall of Kabul (2021)
 
Sánchez and European Union officials greeting Afghan refugees at Torrejón de Ardoz, 21 August 2021

Following the fall of Kabul and the subsequent de facto creation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, the Prime Minister offered Spain as a hub for Afghans who collaborated with the European Union, which would later be settled in various countries.[84] The Spanish government created a temporary refugee camp in the air base of Torrejón de Ardoz, which was later visited by officials from the European Union, including president of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen and president of the European Council Charles Michel. Von der Leyen praised Sánchez government's initiative, stating that the actions of Spain represents "a good example of the european soul at its best".[85] US President Joe Biden spoke with Sánchez to allow the use of the military bases of Rota and Morón to temporarily accommodate Afghan refugees, while praising "Spain's leadership in seeking international support for Afghan women and girls".[86][87] During this operation, the Spanish Armed Forces used four Airbus A400M Atlas as well as civil resources from the Air Europa airline to evacuate Spanish diplomats, nationals and Afghan citizens.[88][89] The security team of the embassy, composed by 17 police officers from the GEO (special operations) and UIP (experts in mass control and VIP security), were responsible for locating and taking the collaborators to a safe place.[90] Days later, the Spanish Army Special Operations Command (green berets) were also deployed in the Afghan capital.[91] On August 27, the operation was finished with 2,206 persons evacuated.[92]

Israel and Palestine edit

In October 2023, the conflict between Israel and Palestine was revived following a terrorist attack by Hamas which, in addition to missile attacks, carried out a massive incursion into territory controlled by Israel to murder and kidnap hundreds of people.[93] To this situation, Israel responded with maximum harshness, constantly bombing the Gaza Strip, territory controlled by Hamas.[94]

 
The Prime Minister and the Belgian Prime Minister, Alexander De Croo, together with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

On 27 October 2023, Israel began a ground invasion of the strip, with the objective, in the words of Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, of providing security to the strip and, therefore, to Israel. The extreme harshness of the Israeli response was unanimously rejected by the Spanish left, with the events being described by the acting minister of Social Rights and Agenda 2030, Ione Belarra, as "genocidal".[95][96] This caused unrest in Israeli diplomacy, although the intervention of the Spanish foreign minister, José Manuel Albares, reduced the tension.[97]

 
The Prime Minister and the Belgian Prime Minister, together with the President of the Palestinian National Authority, Mahmoud Abbas.

On 15 November 2023, acting prime minister and premiership candidate, Pedro Sánchez, referred to the conflict in his investiture speech, calling for an "immediate ceasefire", as well as announcing the intention of his government to work so that Spain and the European Union recognize the State of Palestine.[98] Sánchez traveled to Israel and Palestine on 23 November 2023, meeting with Benjamin Netanyahu and Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian National Authority, before whom he defended that the only possible solution to the conflict is the recognition of the two States.[99]

Precisely, on November 24, after a visit to the Rafah border in Egypt, the statements of the prime minister and the Belgian Prime Minister —who insisted on what was already mentioned above: two-state solution, international and humanitarian law, protection of civilian lives, etc.— provoked a new diplomatic conflict, with the ambassadors of both European countries being summoned by the Israeli foreign minister, Eli Cohen, for a "harsh conversation of reprimand" after describing the statements of both leaders as "supporting The terrorism".[100] In response, the Spanish Foreign Minister did the same in response to the "unacceptable and false" accusations.[101]

On 30 November 2023, after an interview by the prime minister on RTVE in which he declared that he had "serious doubts that they [the Israelis] are complying with international humanitarian law", the Israeli Government called for consultations to his ambassador.[102]

Immigration edit

 
Sánchez with German Chancellor Angela Merkel, 26 June 2018
 
Sánchez with French President Emmanuel Macron, 26 July 2018

In June 2018, the ship Aquarius carrying 629 migrants that were rescued near Libya was denied entry to the Sicilian port by Italy's new Interior Minister Matteo Salvini.[103][104] The Spanish government offered the Aquarius the chance to dock in the secure port of Valencia, Spain and the Italian navy offered full assistance and a marine escort for the trip.[105][106] On 4 July 2018, the Spanish government accepted another NGO vessel, in this case a Spanish NGO called Open Arms carrying 60 migrants after Italy rejected again open a port for the ship.[107] The same happened two weeks later.[108]The Prime Minister considered the immigration matter as a European matter and showed Spain's solidarity with the German Government by accepting an agreement between Germany, Greece and Spain to swap migrants to share their economic costs, prevent secondary movements, and reunite families.[109] "Unilateralism not the answer to migrant crisis", he said in an interview in a clear reference to the initiative of the Italian Government to close the ports while also stating: "As effective as the inflammatory rhetoric from some Italian leaders may be in electoral terms, from the point of view of responding effectively to a humanitarian crisis like the one we're seeing in the Mediterranean and on the Italian coast, it's not the answer".[110]

Latin America edit

Further information: Organization of Ibero-American States

Argentina edit

In February 2020, the Spanish government published a press release indicating they would support Argentina during their current debt restructuring efforts, after a meeting between the two nations in the Palace of Moncloa. During the meeting, both countries mentioned their "unbreakable bond" and the "bridge Spain represents between the EU and Latin America".[111]

Bolivia edit

In December 2019, Jeanine Áñez accused the governments of Spain and Mexico of attempting to evacuate members of the Evo Morales government during the 2019 Bolivian political crisis.[112] The Bolivian president expelled Mexico's ambassador and two Spanish diplomats, to which the Sanchez government responded by declaring three Bolivian diplomats as persona non grata. Spain also denied any claims of involvement in "Bolivia's internal affairs".[113][114]

Venezuela edit

On 26 January 2019, in the context of the Venezuelan presidential crisis, the Spanish premier Pedro Sánchez asked Nicolás Maduro for the calling of an election within an 8-day deadline. After Maduro did not do so, Spain was so the first leading EU country to recognize Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido as interim president.[115]

In October 2020, opposition leader Leopoldo López fled to Spain after taking refuge in the Spanish embassy during the 2019 uprising.[116] He arrived to Spain on the 25th, then met with Sanchez on the 27th.[117] The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party's Twitter account uploaded a video of the meeting.[118]

On 9 September 2021, Spain arrested General Hugo Carvajal, "Chávez's eyes and ears in the Venezuelan military", on US drug charges.[119]

United States edit

 
Sánchez with U.S. President Joe Biden, 28 June 2022

Economic relations edit

In July 2020, Airbus announced it would stop receiving financial support from Spain and France after the WTO declared it illegal and unfair to competitor Boeing. The Trump administration had used the case as justification to enact tariffs on US$7.5 billion of European exports to the country.[120]

Capitol Riots edit

Further information: 2021 United States Capitol attack

In relation to the assault on the Capitol, the Prime Minister assured that he was not surprised by what had happened after four years of "reactionary populism" exercised by Donald Trump. "There is no democracy without democratic institutions, respect for the rule of law and the law," he assured, asking Spanish citizens to take this as a "lesson" and to "reinforce something very important in our country, our adherence to the Constitution, that encourages us to fulfill it in word and deed from beginning to end, not in parts or at times, but at all hours".[121]

Elections and Government Reshuffles During Sánchez's Premiership edit

Second election and coalition edit

See also: Sánchez II Government
 
Sánchez and Iglesias announcing a tentative agreement for a "progressive" government (Palacio de las Cortes, 12 November 2019).

Despite electoral promises of Sánchez to not pact a government with Unidas Podemos,[122] just following the results of the November 2019 Spanish general election, on 12 November 2019 Pedro Sánchez and Iglesias announced a preliminary agreement between PSOE and Unidas Podemos to rule together creating the first coalition government of the Spanish democracy, for all purposes a minority coalition as it did not enjoy a qualified majority at the Lower House, thus needing further support or abstention from other parliamentary forces in order to get through.[123][124] On 7 January 2020, Pedro Sánchez earned a second mandate as Prime Minister after receiving a plurality of votes in the second round vote of his investiture at the Congress of Deputies.[125] He was then once again sworn in as Prime Minister by King Felipe on 8 January.[126][127] Soon after, Sánchez proceeded to form a new cabinet with 22 ministers and 4 vice-presidencies, the largest in Europe, and in the modern history of Spain,[128] who assumed office on 13 January.[129][130]

2021 government reshuffle edit

On 10 July 2021, Sánchez announced a government reshuffle, effective on July 12. A number of figures, considered political heavy-weights prior to the change, were outed, among them Carmen Calvo, José Luis Ábalos, Iván Redondo, and Juan Carlos Campo. The economic sector of government was not changed, and the minister of Economy Nadia Calviño was elevated to First Deputy Prime Minister. A number of government seats were filled by regional PSOE cadres unknown to a wide audience prior to the reshuffle. The changes did not affect the UP sector of government.[131]

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April 11, 2024
premiership, pedro, sánchez, premiership, pedro, sánchez, began, when, sánchez, sworn, prime, minister, spain, king, felipe, june, 2018, currently, ongoing, first, prime, minister, recent, spanish, history, reach, premiership, after, succeeding, vote, confiden. The premiership of Pedro Sanchez began when Sanchez was sworn in as Prime Minister of Spain by King Felipe VI on 2 June 2018 and is currently ongoing 1 He is the first prime minister in the recent Spanish history to reach the premiership after succeeding in a vote of no confidence against a ruling prime minister 2 3 He was also the first prime minister elected by Parliament without being a member of parliament 2 Premiership of Pedro Sanchez 2 June 2018 presentMonarchFelipe VIPrime MinisterPedro SanchezCabinetSanchez ISanchez IISanchez IIIPartyPSOEElection201820192023SeatPalace of Moncloa Mariano RajoyCoat of arms of SpainOfficial websiteDuring his speech as alternative candidate in the vote of no confidence he said he planned to form a government that would eventually dissolve the Cortes Generales and call for a general election but he did not specify when he would do it 4 while also saying that before calling for an election he intended take a series of measures like increasing unemployment benefits and proposing a law of equal pay between the sexes 5 However he also said he would uphold the 2018 budget made by the Rajoy government a condition the Basque Nationalist Party imposed to vote for the motion of no confidence 6 Eventually Sanchez was forced to resign when Parliament rejected the 2019 budget bill 7 and he called for snap election 8 After two general elections in January 2020 Sanchez reached an agreement with the far left Unidas Podemos electoral alliance 9 forming Spain s first coalition government since the Second Republic 1931 1939 10 On 7 October 2020 Sanchez presented a financial plan for the remainder of his term in office that went beyond drafting a new budget and predicted the creation of 800 000 jobs over the next three years 11 He did not manage to finish his term as he resigned again after the bad electoral results of the May 2023 local and regional elections and asked the King to dissolve Parliament 12 Following the general election on 23 July 2023 Sanchez once again formed a coalition government this time with Sumar successors of Unidas Podemos 13 Sanchez s premiership has been marked by several international events that have harmed Spanish interests such as the COVID 19 pandemic the fall of Kabul the Russian invasion of Ukraine the political instability in Latin America and the conflict between Hamas and Israel among others At the same time domestic events such as the Storm Filomena and the Cumbre Vieja volcanic eruption has also caused trouble to his premiership In any case Sanchez s policies have had a markedly pro European character 14 and the prime minister s economic policy has been characterized by an increase in public spending and taxes as well as direct opposition to the austerity policy carried out during the 2008 2014 Spanish financial crisis Equality has been one of the most important elements having promoted new laws against sexual assaults an expansion of the abortion law and the approval of the trans law In this sense Sanchez has always maintained a balanced cabinet of men and women 15 16 17 Sanchez s premiership has been one of continuous confrontations with the opposition which has harshly criticized criticized for his pacts with regional parties mainly of pro independence or nationalist ideology 18 19 20 21 These criticisms increased with the formation of his third government since measures such as an amnesty law for Catalan independentists condemned by the 2017 illegal independence referendum caused numerous protests in the streets 22 23 24 Contents 1 Inauguration 2 Domestic Policy 2 1 Exhumation of Franco 2 2 Snap election and deadlock 2 3 Catalan separatism 2 4 COVID 19 pandemic 2 5 Economic Policy 2 5 1 Bank consolidation 3 Foreign Policy 3 1 Europe 3 1 1 European Union 3 1 2 Gibraltar 3 2 Africa 3 2 1 Relations with Morocco 3 2 2 Focus Africa 2023 3 3 Middle East 3 3 1 Saudi Arabia 3 3 2 2021 Afghanistan crisis 3 3 3 Israel and Palestine 3 4 Immigration 3 5 Latin America 3 5 1 Argentina 3 5 2 Bolivia 3 5 3 Venezuela 3 6 United States 3 6 1 Economic relations 3 6 2 Capitol Riots 4 Elections and Government Reshuffles During Sanchez s Premiership 4 1 Second election and coalition 4 2 2021 government reshuffle 5 ReferencesInauguration editSee also Sanchez I Government nbsp Sanchez and his new cabinet at La Moncloa in June 2018Sanchez was appointed by the King on 1 June 2018 25 and took office the following day in his presence Present at the ceremony as is tradition were former Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy the First Notary of the Kingdom Rafael Catala and the rest of the country s main authorities 26 Spanish media noted that while Sanchez was swearing his oath of office on the Spanish Constitution no Bible nor crucifix were on display for the first time in modern Spanish history due to Sanchez s atheism 27 After being sworn in Sanchez announced that he would only propose measures that had considerable parliamentary support and reaffirmed the government s compliance with the EU deficit requirements 28 The 17 ministers of his new cabinet took office on 7 June 2018 29 Sanchez formed a cabinet with 11 of the 18 ministerial positions of the Council being held by women 30 Domestic Policy editExhumation of Franco edit On 18 June 2018 Sanchez government announced its intention to remove the remains of former dictator Francisco Franco from the Valle de los Caidos 31 On 29 June 2018 the Archdiocese of Madrid warned the Spanish government against any plans to exhume the remains of Franco without first obtaining agreement from interested parties and formally stated it is against any move of Franco s remains without the consent of his family and before consultation with the Catholic Church In addition in its statement the Archdiocese of Madrid re affirmed its position that although the Valle de los Caidos is officially a national monument the Catholic Church must be consulted on burial related matters under agreements between the Spanish state and the Vatican 32 The announcement of the Archdiocese of Madrid was made after Pedro Sanchez confirmed that it was his intention to remove the remains of Franco from the Valle de los Caidos by the end of July 33 34 On 24 August 2018 Sanchez s cabinet approved a decree that modifies two aspects of the 2007 Historical Memory Law to allow the exhumation of Franco s remains from the Valle de los Caidos The decree to become law must be passed by a vote of the Congress of Deputies The conservative People s Party PP and the centre right party Ciudadanos Cs have announced they will not support the decree The PP further stated it will appeal the measure to the Constitutional Court arguing that using a decree to change the Historical Memory Law is not valid because the proposed modifications to the Historical Memory Law do not respond to a situation of urgent need Deputy Prime Minister Carmen Calvo stated the decree law requires the exhumation of the remains of Franco to take place between 30 days and 12 months of passage by the Congress of Deputies 35 The Congress of Deputies voted in favor of the exhumation on 13 September 2018 36 After a year of legal battles with Franco s descendants the exhumation took place on 24 October 2019 and Franco was reburied at Mingorrubio Cemetery in El Pardo with his wife Carmen Polo 37 In November 2018 the Mossos d Esquadra reported the arrest of a Terrassa resident who was angry with the exhumation plans He had an arsenal of 16 firearms at home 39 and carried two guns in his car one of them modified 38 The man allegedly planned to kill Sanchez in order to finish in his own words with that shitty red 38 Snap election and deadlock edit See also April 2019 Spanish general election nbsp Prime Minister Sanchez announcing a snap election for 28 April 2019 After the rejection of his budget Sanchez called an early general election for 28 April 2019 making a television announcement in which he declared that between doing nothing and continuing with the former budget and calling on Spaniards to have their say I chose the second Spain needs to keep advancing progressing with tolerance respect moderation and common sense 40 The PSOE won the election obtaining 29 of the vote which translated into 123 seats in the Congress of Deputies well over the 85 seats and 23 share of the vote the party obtained in the 2016 election 41 PSOE also won a majority in the Senate Whilst the PSOE were 53 seats short of the 176 seats needed for an outright majority in the Congress of Deputies a three way split in the centre right vote assured that it was the only party that could realistically form a government 42 43 44 On 6 June 2019 King Felipe VI having previously held prospective meetings with the spokespeople of the political groups with representation in the new Congress of Deputies formally proposed Sanchez as prospective Prime Minister Sanchez accepted the task of trying to form a government with honor and responsibility 45 Several weeks of negotiations with Podemos ended in an agreement that Sanchez would appoint several Podemos members to the Cabinet although not the party s leader Pablo Iglesias 46 But in the final voting session Podemos rejected the agreement and led Sanchez to try a second chance to be inaugurated in September Catalan separatism edit Sanchez said he would reinstate dialogue with the Catalan independence movement 6 In order to do so the central government and the regional government reactivated intergovernmental commissions a series of bodies composed by representatives of both governments 47 Although there was some progress in the economic field these commissions were paralyzed by the Catalonia regional government s demand to speak about a self determination referendum something that the central government rejected and in February 2019 the central government considered the relations between the two governments broken 48 In December 2018 the FT reported that Sanchez has warned Catalonia s government that he could deploy national police to the region as tension flares up again between Madrid and Catalan separatists a year after a failed secession attempt 49 The distance between the two governments became clear when the parliamentary opposition among which was Catalan separatism rejected the government s budget 50 After this the Prime Minister called a snap election 51 After the sentence in 2019 trial of Catalonia independence leaders Sanchez confirmed its support for the sentence and denied possibility of any indulgence proclaiming that the sentence should be served by convicts in its entirety 52 in spite of that two years later Sanchez granted indulgence to all convicts 53 Shortly after granting the indulgence Sanchez stressed that despite of that there never will be a referendum for independence of Catalonia 54 in response he was mocked by Gabriel Rufian and other Catalan politics who reminded that two years before he claimed the same with regards to the indulgence and insinuated that it is just a matter of time Sanchez will break his latest claims 54 COVID 19 pandemic edit Main article COVID 19 pandemic in Spain nbsp Sanchez announcing the state of alarm on 13 March 2020 On 13 March 2020 Sanchez announced a declaration of the state of alarm in the nation for a period of 15 days to become effective the following day after the approval of the Council of Ministers becoming the second time in democratic history and the first time with this magnitude 55 The following day imposed a nationwide lockdown banning all trips that were not force majeure and announced it may intervene in companies to guarantee supplies 56 57 On July 14 2021 the Constitutional Court acting upon the 2020 th appeal by Vox sentenced by a narrow majority 6 votes in support vs 5 votes against that the state of alarm was inconstitutional in the part of suppressing the freedom of movement established by the Article 19 of the Constitution 58 Economic Policy edit Bank consolidation edit In early September 2020 state controlled bank Bankia and Caixabank announced that they were very close to a deal to merge both banks That merge would create the biggest domestic bank in Spain surpassing Santander and BBVA 59 Unidas Podemos the coalition partner of the second Sanchez government and its leader Second Deputy Prime Minister Pablo Iglesias rejected the merger describing it as a privatization and criticized that Third Deputy Prime Minister Calvino never revealed to them the existence of this talks 60 Calvino whose signature was more than enough to authorize the merger 61 received the support of the prime minister who described the merger as something positive for the Spanish economy and the territorial cohesion since the bank would extend its influence from two to four Spanish regions 62 63 64 Days later Calvino described the banking consolidation as probably inevitable to keep the solvency and competitiveness of the banking sector in the future but at the same time she warned that this type of operations should be carried out respecting competition and the interests of consumers and that the CNMC would be watching 65 On September 17 2020 the boards of both banks approved the merger 66 The new bank which will maintain the Caixabank brand will have the Spanish government as the second largest shareholder with 16 1 of the shares 67 Foreign Policy editEurope edit European Union edit nbsp Sanchez during his speech at the event organized by the Spanish Federal Council of the European Movement on 19 March 2019 Since his arrival to power he has been strongly pro European This is evidenced by changes including the renaming of the Foreign Ministry to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs European Union and Cooperation and reverting the Secretary of State for European Affairs back to its original name the Secretary of State for the European Union He appointed Josep Borrell former President of the European Parliament as Foreign Minister and Nadia Calvino as Minister of Economy who served as Director General for the EU Budget and Secretary General of the European Economic and Social Committee Luis Planas as Minister of Agriculture Fisheries and Food 68 He also took a more active role in the international sphere especially in the European Union saying that Spain has to claim its role and declaring himself a militant pro European 69 On 16 January 2019 in a speech before the European Parliament he said that the EU should be protected and turned into a global actor and that a more social Europe is needed with a strong monetary union 70 He stated in a speech in March 2019 adding that the enemies of Europe are inside of the European Union 71 Sanchez wanting to recover the weight of Spain in the European institutions actively participated in the negotiations to form a new European Commission led by Von Der Leyen In this sense Sanchez guaranteed for Spain the post of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy with Josep Borrell the then Spanish foreign minister as the high representative 72 In his second government he continued strengthening the pro European profile of its ministers appointing Jose Luis Escriva the then chair of the Independent Authority for Fiscal Responsibility and former chair of the EU Independent Fiscal Institutions Network as minister for social security 73 In June 2020 the Sanchez government proposed deputy prime minister and economy minister Nadia Calvino to be the next chair of the Eurogroup 74 Gibraltar edit Sanchez has called for joint U K Spanish sovereignty over British controlled Gibraltar a British Overseas Territory in the south of the Iberian peninsula 75 He publicly warned that Spain will veto Brexit deal over the issue of Gibraltar 76 In November 2018 Sanchez said that With Brexit we all lose especially the United Kingdom but when it comes to Gibraltar Spain wins 77 On 31 December 2020 hours before the deadline for the final departure from the United Kingdom the Spanish and British governments reached a pre agreement on the Rock 78 The agreement consisted of keeping Gibraltar within the Schengen Area under the responsibility of Spain as the member state of the Schengen Agreement For border control and for a period of four years it would be the European Border and Coast Guard Agency Frontex under Spanish authority who would carry out this task It also involved the demolition of the border fence 78 Africa edit Relations with Morocco edit Main article Morocco Spain relations Focus Africa 2023 edit Middle East edit Saudi Arabia edit In September 2018 Defense Minister Margarita Robles cancelled sales of laser guided bombs to Saudi Arabia over concerns relating to the Saudi Arabian led intervention in Yemen Overruling Robles Sanchez ordered the sale to proceed 79 because he had guaranteed President of Andalusia Susana Diaz help to protect jobs in the shipyards of the Bay of Cadiz highly dependent on the 1 813 billion contract with Saudi Arabia to deliver five corvettes 80 81 In response to the killing of Saudi dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi in October 2018 Sanchez defended the decision to continue arms sales to Saudi Arabia and insisted on his government s responsibility to protect jobs in the arms industry 82 83 2021 Afghanistan crisis edit See also Fall of Kabul 2021 nbsp Sanchez and European Union officials greeting Afghan refugees at Torrejon de Ardoz 21 August 2021Following the fall of Kabul and the subsequent de facto creation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan the Prime Minister offered Spain as a hub for Afghans who collaborated with the European Union which would later be settled in various countries 84 The Spanish government created a temporary refugee camp in the air base of Torrejon de Ardoz which was later visited by officials from the European Union including president of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen and president of the European Council Charles Michel Von der Leyen praised Sanchez government s initiative stating that the actions of Spain represents a good example of the european soul at its best 85 US President Joe Biden spoke with Sanchez to allow the use of the military bases of Rota and Moron to temporarily accommodate Afghan refugees while praising Spain s leadership in seeking international support for Afghan women and girls 86 87 During this operation the Spanish Armed Forces used four Airbus A400M Atlas as well as civil resources from the Air Europa airline to evacuate Spanish diplomats nationals and Afghan citizens 88 89 The security team of the embassy composed by 17 police officers from the GEO special operations and UIP experts in mass control and VIP security were responsible for locating and taking the collaborators to a safe place 90 Days later the Spanish Army Special Operations Command green berets were also deployed in the Afghan capital 91 On August 27 the operation was finished with 2 206 persons evacuated 92 Israel and Palestine edit In October 2023 the conflict between Israel and Palestine was revived following a terrorist attack by Hamas which in addition to missile attacks carried out a massive incursion into territory controlled by Israel to murder and kidnap hundreds of people 93 To this situation Israel responded with maximum harshness constantly bombing the Gaza Strip territory controlled by Hamas 94 nbsp The Prime Minister and the Belgian Prime Minister Alexander De Croo together with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu On 27 October 2023 Israel began a ground invasion of the strip with the objective in the words of Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu of providing security to the strip and therefore to Israel The extreme harshness of the Israeli response was unanimously rejected by the Spanish left with the events being described by the acting minister of Social Rights and Agenda 2030 Ione Belarra as genocidal 95 96 This caused unrest in Israeli diplomacy although the intervention of the Spanish foreign minister Jose Manuel Albares reduced the tension 97 nbsp The Prime Minister and the Belgian Prime Minister together with the President of the Palestinian National Authority Mahmoud Abbas On 15 November 2023 acting prime minister and premiership candidate Pedro Sanchez referred to the conflict in his investiture speech calling for an immediate ceasefire as well as announcing the intention of his government to work so that Spain and the European Union recognize the State of Palestine 98 Sanchez traveled to Israel and Palestine on 23 November 2023 meeting with Benjamin Netanyahu and Mahmoud Abbas president of the Palestinian National Authority before whom he defended that the only possible solution to the conflict is the recognition of the two States 99 Precisely on November 24 after a visit to the Rafah border in Egypt the statements of the prime minister and the Belgian Prime Minister who insisted on what was already mentioned above two state solution international and humanitarian law protection of civilian lives etc provoked a new diplomatic conflict with the ambassadors of both European countries being summoned by the Israeli foreign minister Eli Cohen for a harsh conversation of reprimand after describing the statements of both leaders as supporting The terrorism 100 In response the Spanish Foreign Minister did the same in response to the unacceptable and false accusations 101 On 30 November 2023 after an interview by the prime minister on RTVE in which he declared that he had serious doubts that they the Israelis are complying with international humanitarian law the Israeli Government called for consultations to his ambassador 102 Immigration edit nbsp Sanchez with German Chancellor Angela Merkel 26 June 2018 nbsp Sanchez with French President Emmanuel Macron 26 July 2018In June 2018 the ship Aquarius carrying 629 migrants that were rescued near Libya was denied entry to the Sicilian port by Italy s new Interior Minister Matteo Salvini 103 104 The Spanish government offered the Aquarius the chance to dock in the secure port of Valencia Spain and the Italian navy offered full assistance and a marine escort for the trip 105 106 On 4 July 2018 the Spanish government accepted another NGO vessel in this case a Spanish NGO called Open Arms carrying 60 migrants after Italy rejected again open a port for the ship 107 The same happened two weeks later 108 The Prime Minister considered the immigration matter as a European matter and showed Spain s solidarity with the German Government by accepting an agreement between Germany Greece and Spain to swap migrants to share their economic costs prevent secondary movements and reunite families 109 Unilateralism not the answer to migrant crisis he said in an interview in a clear reference to the initiative of the Italian Government to close the ports while also stating As effective as the inflammatory rhetoric from some Italian leaders may be in electoral terms from the point of view of responding effectively to a humanitarian crisis like the one we re seeing in the Mediterranean and on the Italian coast it s not the answer 110 Latin America edit Further information Organization of Ibero American States Argentina edit In February 2020 the Spanish government published a press release indicating they would support Argentina during their current debt restructuring efforts after a meeting between the two nations in the Palace of Moncloa During the meeting both countries mentioned their unbreakable bond and the bridge Spain represents between the EU and Latin America 111 Bolivia edit In December 2019 Jeanine Anez accused the governments of Spain and Mexico of attempting to evacuate members of the Evo Morales government during the 2019 Bolivian political crisis 112 The Bolivian president expelled Mexico s ambassador and two Spanish diplomats to which the Sanchez government responded by declaring three Bolivian diplomats as persona non grata Spain also denied any claims of involvement in Bolivia s internal affairs 113 114 Venezuela edit On 26 January 2019 in the context of the Venezuelan presidential crisis the Spanish premier Pedro Sanchez asked Nicolas Maduro for the calling of an election within an 8 day deadline After Maduro did not do so Spain was so the first leading EU country to recognize Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido as interim president 115 In October 2020 opposition leader Leopoldo Lopez fled to Spain after taking refuge in the Spanish embassy during the 2019 uprising 116 He arrived to Spain on the 25th then met with Sanchez on the 27th 117 The Spanish Socialist Workers Party s Twitter account uploaded a video of the meeting 118 On 9 September 2021 Spain arrested General Hugo Carvajal Chavez s eyes and ears in the Venezuelan military on US drug charges 119 United States edit nbsp Sanchez with U S President Joe Biden 28 June 2022Economic relations edit In July 2020 Airbus announced it would stop receiving financial support from Spain and France after the WTO declared it illegal and unfair to competitor Boeing The Trump administration had used the case as justification to enact tariffs on US 7 5 billion of European exports to the country 120 Capitol Riots edit Further information 2021 United States Capitol attackIn relation to the assault on the Capitol the Prime Minister assured that he was not surprised by what had happened after four years of reactionary populism exercised by Donald Trump There is no democracy without democratic institutions respect for the rule of law and the law he assured asking Spanish citizens to take this as a lesson and to reinforce something very important in our country our adherence to the Constitution that encourages us to fulfill it in word and deed from beginning to end not in parts or at times but at all hours 121 Elections and Government Reshuffles During Sanchez s Premiership editSecond election and coalition edit See also Sanchez II Government nbsp Sanchez and Iglesias announcing a tentative agreement for a progressive government Palacio de las Cortes 12 November 2019 Despite electoral promises of Sanchez to not pact a government with Unidas Podemos 122 just following the results of the November 2019 Spanish general election on 12 November 2019 Pedro Sanchez and Iglesias announced a preliminary agreement between PSOE and Unidas Podemos to rule together creating the first coalition government of the Spanish democracy for all purposes a minority coalition as it did not enjoy a qualified majority at the Lower House thus needing further support or abstention from other parliamentary forces in order to get through 123 124 On 7 January 2020 Pedro Sanchez earned a second mandate as Prime Minister after receiving a plurality of votes in the second round vote of his investiture at the Congress of Deputies 125 He was then once again sworn in as Prime Minister by King Felipe on 8 January 126 127 Soon after Sanchez proceeded to form a new cabinet with 22 ministers and 4 vice presidencies the largest in Europe and in the modern history of Spain 128 who assumed office on 13 January 129 130 2021 government reshuffle edit On 10 July 2021 Sanchez announced a government reshuffle effective on July 12 A number of figures considered political heavy weights prior to the change were outed among them Carmen Calvo Jose Luis Abalos Ivan Redondo and Juan Carlos Campo The economic sector of government was not changed and the minister of Economy Nadia Calvino was elevated to First Deputy Prime Minister A number of government seats were filled by regional PSOE cadres unknown to a wide audience prior to the reshuffle The changes did not affect the UP sector of government 131 References edit Who is Spain s new President of the Government Pedro Sanchez Reuters AFP DW 1 June 2018 Retrieved 1 June 2018 a b Sanchez primer presidente investido mediante una mocion de censura El Espanol in Spanish 2018 06 01 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Aragon Heraldo de Pedro Sanchez primer presidente de Espana fruto de una mocion de censura heraldo es in Spanish Retrieved 2023 12 07 Ruiz de Almiron Victor 1 June 2018 Sanchez llega al poder sin concretar cuando convocara las elecciones ABC in Spanish Retrieved 9 July 2018 Zancajo Silvia 1 June 2018 Sanchez prioriza la agenda social y renuncia a realizar reformas en profundidad El Economista in Spanish Editorial Ecoprensa S A Retrieved 9 July 2018 a b Merino Juan Carlos 31 May 2018 Sanchez ofrece dialogo a Catalunya y mantener los presupuestos al PNV La Vanguardia in Spanish Retrieved 9 July 2018 Spain s parliament rejects 2019 budget proposal POLITICO 2019 02 13 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Spain to hold general election on April 28 euronews 2019 02 13 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Jones Sam 2020 01 07 Socialists and Podemos to rule together in Spanish coalition The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Pedro Sanchez voted back in as Spanish prime minister by Congress EL PAIS English 2020 01 07 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Cue Carlos E 2020 10 07 Spanish PM predicts creation of 800 000 jobs over next three years thanks to European recovery fund El Pais Retrieved 15 October 2020 Spanish PM Sanchez calls snap general election after disastrous local polls POLITICO 2023 05 29 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Bayer Lili 2023 11 16 Socialist leader Pedro Sanchez wins new term as Spanish PM following election gamble as it happened the Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2023 12 07 On borrowed time Spain s Sanchez takes over Council of the EU presidency Le Monde fr 2023 07 02 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Spain s king swears in Sanchez cabinet with majority of women 2018 06 06 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Casqueiro El Pais Carlos E Cue Javier 2021 07 12 In sweeping reshuffle Spain s Pedro Sanchez names younger Cabinet with more women EL PAIS English Retrieved 2023 12 07 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Sanchez picks a Cabinet of dealmakers to navigate tensions in Spain POLITICO 2023 11 20 Retrieved 2023 12 07 El PP denuncia en el Congreso cesiones al separatismo y cosecha criticas de todos los grupos incluso de Css y Vox Europa Press 2022 03 08 Retrieved 2023 12 07 La confrontacion espanola casi unica en Europa El Pais in Spanish 2020 04 05 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Pais El 2023 11 29 Jornada politica del 29 de noviembre de 2023 Confrontaciones entre PP y PSOE tras la solemne apertura de la decimoquinta legislatura El Pais in Spanish Retrieved 2023 12 07 Casqueiro Javier 2023 10 17 El PSOE y la oposicion reavivan la disputa en el Congreso sobre el control al Gobierno en funciones El Pais in Spanish Retrieved 2023 12 07 Jones Sam 2023 11 12 Fresh protests held across Spain over amnesty deal for Catalan separatists The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Spain s conservatives rally against deal with Catalan separatists 2023 11 12 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Vera Raul Cadenas Susana 2023 11 19 Biggest protest in Spain against Catalan amnesty law draws 170 000 Reuters Retrieved 2023 12 07 Pastor Julian Ana Maria 2 June 2018 R Felipe ed Real Decreto 354 2018 de 1 de junio por el que se nombra Presidente del Gobierno a don Pedro Sanchez Perez Castejon PDF Boletin Oficial del Estado 134 257657 ISSN 0212 033X Retrieved 9 July 2018 Fotos La toma de posesion de Pedro Sanchez en imagenes El Pais in Spanish 2018 06 02 ISSN 1134 6582 Retrieved 2023 03 10 Aduriz Inigo 2 June 2018 Pedro Sanchez promete su cargo de presidente ante el rey y Rajoy sin crucifijo ni Biblia El Diario in Spanish Retrieved 9 July 2018 Diez Anabel Garcia de Blas Elsa 3 June 2018 El presidente solo propondra medidas con amplio apoyo El Pais in Spanish Madrid Retrieved 9 July 2018 Gobierno de Pedro Sanchez Las ministras y ministros de Pedro Sanchez arrancan el gobierno de la igualdad el dialogo y la diversidad RTVE 7 June 2018 Jones Sam 6 June 2018 Spanish PM appoints 11 women and six men to new cabinet The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 20 March 2019 Junquera Natalia 18 June 2018 Removal of Franco s remains from Valley of the Fallen one step closer El Pais in Spanish Madrid Prisa Retrieved 3 September 2018 Spanish Church expresses concern at plan to exhume Franco s remains Catholic Herald Interconnect it 1 July 2018 Retrieved 24 August 2018 Sanz Luis Angel 27 June 2018 Pedro Sanchez quiere sacar los restos de Franco del Valle de los Caidos en el mes de julio El Mundo in Spanish Madrid Unidad Editorial Retrieved 2 September 2018 Luxmoore Jonathan 29 June 2018 Spanish church warns on exhumation of dictator The Boston Pilot Retrieved 24 August 2018 Garcia de Blas Elsa 24 August 2018 Spanish Cabinet approves decree to exhume Franco s remains El Pais in Spanish Madrid Prisa Retrieved 2 September 2018 Spanish parliament votes to exhume remains of dictator Franco Reuters 13 September 2018 Retrieved 13 September 2018 Jones Sam 23 October 2019 Franco s remains to finally leave Spain s Valley of the Fallen via www theguardian com a b c Los Mossos detienen a un tirador que queria matar a Pedro Sanchez El Periodico 8 November 2018 Including a CETME assault rifle a Skorpion vz 61 and four long range rifles able to hit a target located 1 500 m away from the sniper 38 Reid David 15 February 2019 Spanish prime minister calls snap election after budget fails to pass CNBC Retrieved 3 March 2019 correspondent Jon Henley European affairs 29 April 2019 Spanish socialists win is latest sign of Europe s centre left upturn The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 30 April 2019 El PSOE gana las elecciones pero necesitara pactar y el PP sufre una debacle historica El Pais in Spanish 28 April 2019 Retrieved 30 April 2019 Sanchez gana se hunde Casado y Rivera se postula como lider de la oposicion El Confidencial in Spanish 28 April 2019 Retrieved 30 April 2019 El PP sufre una derrota historica pierde 3 7 millones de votos y Cs se queda cerca del sorpaso eldiario es in Spanish 28 April 2019 Retrieved 30 April 2019 Pedro Sanchez asume el encargo del Rey de formar Gobierno con honor y responsabilidad La Razon 6 June 2019 Burgen Stephen 21 July 2019 Spain set for socialist led government after Iglesias deal via www theguardian com El Govern reactiva las comisiones bilaterales y mixtas Generalitat Estado La Vanguardia 3 July 2018 Retrieved 3 March 2019 El Gobierno da por rotas las negociaciones con los independentistas y se centrara en defender los presupuestos eldiario es in Spanish 8 February 2019 Retrieved 3 March 2019 Spanish prime minister warns Catalonia as tensions rise Financial Times 12 December 2018 Spain s parliament rejects 2019 budget proposal POLITICO 13 February 2019 Retrieved 3 March 2019 Spain PM sets snap election for April 15 February 2019 Retrieved 3 March 2019 Sanchez aleja un indulto y defiende el fallo Garantizamos su absoluto cumplimiento El Pais October 14 2019 Sanchez defiende en el Congreso los indultos a los presos del proces El Pais June 30 2021 a b Sanchez No habra referendum de autodeterminacion Nunca jamas El Pais Cue Carlos E Perez Claudi Garcia de Blas Elsa 2020 03 13 Sanche decreta el estado de alarma durante 15 dias El Pais in Spanish Retrieved 13 March 2020 Health P M N 14 March 2020 Spain to impose nationwide lockdown El Mundo National Post National Post Cue Carlos E 2020 03 14 El Gobierno prohibe todos los viajes que no sean de fuerza mayor El Pais in Spanish Retrieved 14 March 2020 Un Constitucional dividido anula el confinamiento domiciliario impuesto en el primer estado de alarma El Mundo July 14 2021 Munoz Ramon Cordero Dani 2020 09 04 CaixaBank Bankia in talks for merger that would create Spain s biggest lender El Pais Retrieved 17 September 2020 Podemos se desmarca y rechaza la fusion como una privatizacion La Vanguardia in Spanish 2020 09 05 Retrieved 17 September 2020 Bankia esquiva a Podemos Sanchez no necesita al Consejo de Ministros para aprobar la fusion El Mundo in Spanish 2020 09 07 Retrieved 17 September 2020 Spain s PM Sanchez sees positive aspects in Bankia Caixabank merger Reuters in Spanish 2020 09 07 Retrieved 17 September 2020 dead link Spain Premier Backs State Owned Bankia Merger With Caixabank Bloomberg com 2020 09 07 Retrieved 17 September 2020 Sanchez califica como positiva la posible fusion de CaixaBank y Bankia La Vanguardia in Spanish 2020 09 08 Retrieved 17 September 2020 Calvino ve inevitable la consolidacion bancaria para mantener su solvencia Efe com in Spanish Retrieved 17 September 2020 Larrouy Diego 2020 09 17 Los consejos de CaixaBank y Bankia dan via libre a la creacion del mayor banco espanol ElDiario es in Spanish Retrieved 17 September 2020 Caixa Bankia Form Spain s Biggest Lender in 4 5 Billion Deal Bloomberg com 18 September 2020 Retrieved 18 September 2020 hermesauto 7 June 2018 Spain s new PM Pedro Sanchez unveils pro EU government dominated by women The Straits Times Retrieved 20 March 2019 Pedro Sanchez sets sights on Brussels POLITICO 21 November 2018 Retrieved 20 March 2019 Rios Beatriz 17 January 2019 Spanish PM If Europe protects us we need to protect Europe Euractiv com Retrieved 20 March 2019 Castro Irene 19 March 2019 Sanchez advierte de que los enemigos de Europa estan dentro y llama a votar contra las fuerzas unidas por sus odios ElDiario es in Spanish Retrieved 20 March 2019 Welle www dw com Deutsche EU nominations 2019 Who is Spain s Josep Borrell DW 03 07 2019 DW com Retrieved 25 June 2020 Jose Luis Escriva new Minister of Social Security Inclusion and Migration Spain s News 2020 01 10 Retrieved 25 June 2020 Spain to propose Economy Minister Calvino as Eurogroup chief Reuters 2020 06 25 Retrieved 25 June 2020 Spain revives call for shared control over Gibraltar after Brexit Reuters 25 November 2018 Spain PM Pedro Sanchez threatens Brexit deal over Gibraltar The Local 20 November 2018 Spanish PM With Brexit we all lose but on Gibraltar Spain wins El Pais 26 November 2019 a b Brexit Gibraltar gets UK Spain deal to keep open border BBC News 2020 12 31 Retrieved 23 January 2021 Spain not stopping arms sales to Saudi Arabia over Khashoggi killing El Pais 22 October 2018 Sanz Luis Angel Cruz Marisa Villaverde Susana 24 October 2018 Pedro Sanchez evita una crisis con Arabia Saudi por el coste electoral en Andalucia El Mundo El Gobierno garantiza el contrato de Arabia Saudi con Navantia cuyos trabajadores han cortado la A 4 RTVE 7 September 2018 How Saudis are getting away with Khashoggi murder News com au 28 October 2018 Need to keep jobs grounds for continuation of arms sales to Saudi Arabia argues Spanish president Catalan News 24 October 2018 Spain offers itself as hub for Afghans who collaborated with EU the Guardian 2021 08 20 Retrieved 22 August 2021 Rodriguez Pina Gloria 2021 08 21 Von der Leyen considera la acogida de afganos en Espana un ejemplo del alma europea El Pais in Spanish Retrieved 22 August 2021 Readout of President Joe Biden s Call with President Pedro Sanchez of Spain The White House 2021 08 21 Retrieved 22 August 2021 Biden habla con Sanchez tras la afrenta de los agradecimientos por Afganistan abc in Spanish 2021 08 21 Retrieved 22 August 2021 Aragon Heraldo de Espana sustituye el A400M de la Base de Zaragoza y envia otro avion a Dubai heraldo es in Spanish Retrieved 22 August 2021 Aragon Heraldo de Aterriza en Torrejon un segundo avion de la Union Europea con 38 trabajadores afganos y sus familias procedente de Paris heraldo es in Spanish Retrieved 22 August 2021 Dolz Patricia Ortega 2021 08 18 Un operativo de 17 policias se encarga de reunir a las personas evacuadas por el Ejercito espanol en Kabul El Pais in Spanish Retrieved 22 August 2021 Defensa envia a Kabul boinas verdes para buscar a los afganos espanoles en sus casas El Espanol in Spanish 2021 08 25 Retrieved 25 August 2021 elDiario es 2021 08 27 Sanchez asegura que Espana buscara vias para continuar evacuando tras finalizar la mision de rescate en Afganistan ElDiario es in Spanish Retrieved 27 August 2021 EFE RTVE es 2023 10 07 Hamas secuestra a civiles y militares como prisioneros de guerra RTVE es in Spanish Retrieved 2023 12 07 Guerra Israel Hamas Caos total en Gaza tras los bombardeos israelies mas intensos hasta la fecha acompanados de la entrada de tropas en el territorio palestino BBC News Mundo in Spanish 2023 10 28 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Telemadrid 2023 10 21 Ione Belarra pide parar lo que califica genocidio de Isarel sobre el pueblo palestino Telemadrid in Spanish Retrieved 2023 12 07 Gascon Daniel 2023 10 19 Ione Belarra y el genocidio El Pais in Spanish Retrieved 2023 12 07 Hernandez Marisol 2023 10 17 Albares zanja el choque diplomatico con Israel mientras Belarra insiste Es un genocidio elconfidencial com in Spanish Retrieved 2023 12 07 Why is Spain one of the few EU voices supporting Palestine euronews 2023 11 23 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Miguel Alejandro Lopez de 2023 11 23 Sanchez plantea a Netanyahu los dos Estados como solucion y afea a Israel la muerte de miles de ninos elconfidencial com in Spanish Retrieved 2023 12 07 RTVE es AGENCIAS 2023 11 24 Israel convoca a embajadores de Espana y Belgica por apoyo al terrorismo de Sanchez y De Croo RTVE es in Spanish Retrieved 2023 12 07 20minutos 2023 11 25 Albares convoca a la embajadora de Israel para que explique las inaceptables acusaciones contra Sanchez www 20minutos es Ultimas Noticias in Spanish Retrieved 2023 12 07 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Israel recalls ambassador in war spat with Spain PM Pedro Sanchez 2023 11 30 Retrieved 2023 12 07 Italy s Matteo Salvini shuts ports to migrant rescue ship BBC News BBC 11 June 2018 Retrieved 9 July 2018 Spain offers to take in Aquarius ship carrying over 600 refugees Al Jazeera Al Jazeera Media Network 11 June 2018 Retrieved 9 July 2018 Boat with over 600 rescued migrants lies to in Mediterranean amid Italy Malta standoff Japan Times Associated Press 12 June 2018 Retrieved 9 July 2018 Spain will accept migrant ship Aquarius after Italy and Malta refuse entry Deutsche Welle 11 June 2018 Retrieved 9 July 2018 Martin Maria Lopez Fonseca oscar Garcia Jesus 4 July 2018 Second migrant ship arrives in Spain after being rejected by Italy Malta El Pais Prisa ISSN 1134 6582 Retrieved 19 July 2018 Sandford Alasdair 19 July 2018 Open Arms migrant rescue boat heads for Spain amid row with Italy Euronews Retrieved 19 July 2018 Maxwell Fiona Heath Ryan 30 June 2018 Spain Greece and Germany seal migrant swap deal Politico Retrieved 19 July 2018 Jones Sam 28 June 2018 Unilateralism not the answer to migrant crisis says Spain s PM The Guardian Guardian News and Media Limited Retrieved 19 July 2018 EFE Agencia 2020 02 04 Sanchez respalda renegociar la deuda de Argentina e impulsar las relaciones COPE in Spanish Retrieved 15 September 2021 LD Agencias 2019 12 28 Robles comparecera en el Congreso para explicar el incidente en la Embajada de Mexico Libertad Digital in European Spanish Retrieved 15 September 2021 Paz Agence France Presse in La 2019 12 30 Spain orders Bolivian trio to leave as diplomatic row deepens the Guardian Retrieved 15 September 2021 Spain embroiled in diplomatic quarrel between Bolivia and Mexico France 24 2019 12 28 Retrieved 15 September 2021 EU nations get behind Venezuela s Juan Guaido as acting president DW 04 02 2019 DW COM Leopoldo Lopez se refugia en la Embajada de Espana abc in Spanish 2019 05 01 Retrieved 15 September 2021 Leopoldo Lopez se reune con Pedro Sanchez en Ferraz Cadena SER in Spanish 2020 10 27 Retrieved 15 September 2021 El Secretario General del PSOE sanchezcastejon se reune en estos momentos con leopoldolopez en la sede de Ferraz El PSOE desea una via pacifica porque el pueblo venezolano debe sufrir lo minimo PSOE Twitter Retrieved 15 September 2021 self published Spain arrests Venezuelan spymaster wanted on US drug charges AP NEWS 2021 09 09 Retrieved 15 September 2021 Airbus moves to end 16 years of litigation end US tariffs ABC News Retrieved 15 September 2021 Castro Irene Aduriz Inigo 2021 01 18 Sanchez ve en el asalto al Capitolio el resultado del populismo reaccionario y pide extraer una leccion en Espana ElDiario es in Spanish Retrieved 2022 03 08 Justo David November 13 2019 Cuando Pedro Sanchez confeso que no dormiria tranquilo con Podemos y otras ocasiones en las que se alejo de Iglesias Cadena SER Sanchez Manuel Asuar Beatriz 12 November 2019 Sanchez e Iglesias pactan un Gobierno de coalicion pero la estructura se conocera tras la investidura Publico in Spanish Display Connectors SL Retrieved 12 November 2019 Rel Joana 12 November 2019 Sanchez pacta con Iglesias el Gobierno con el que no dormiria ni el ni el 95 de espanoles El Espanol in Spanish El Leon de El Espanol Publicaciones S A Retrieved 12 November 2019 Pedro Sanchez logra ser investido presidente con 167 votos a favor y 165 en contra 20minutos es Ultimas Noticias in Spanish 7 January 2020 Retrieved 7 January 2020 Pedro Sanchez is sworn in TheLocal se 8 January 2020 Retrieved 25 May 2020 Sworn In as Prime Minister Spain s Sanchez Readies Cabinet The New York Times Archived from the original on 9 January 2020 Retrieved 15 September 2021 via Wayback Machine Garrido Hugo January 14 2020 Pedro Sanchez crea el Gobierno mas grande de la Union Europea El Mundo Spain s Sanchez unveils Cabinet pledges uni Taiwan News 13 January 2020 Retrieved 14 January 2020 20minutos 13 January 2020 Asi ha sido la toma de posesion de los ministros formula de promesa sin crucifijo ministros y ministras 20minutos es in Spanish Retrieved 14 January 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Nuevo Gobierno Pedro Sanchez prescinde de pesos pesados como Carmen Calvo Abalos e Ivan Redondo El Mundo in Spanish 10 July 2021 Retrieved 31 July 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Premiership of Pedro Sanchez amp oldid 1215988548, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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