Potiphar is the captain of Pharaoh's guard who is said to have purchased Joseph as a slave and, impressed by his intelligence, makes him the master of his household. Potiphar's wife, who was known for her infidelities, took a liking to Joseph, and attempted to seduce him. When Joseph refused her advances, and ran off, leaving his outer vestment in her hands, she retaliated by falsely accusing him of trying to rape her, and Potiphar had Joseph imprisoned.
What happened to Potiphar after that is unclear; some sources identify him as Potipherah, an Egyptian priest whose daughter, Asenath, marries Joseph.[2] The false accusation by Potiphar's wife plays an important role in Joseph's narrative, because had he not been imprisoned, he would not have met the fellow prisoner who introduced him to Pharaoh.
The medieval Sefer HaYashar, a commentary on the Torah, gives Potiphar's wife's name as Zuleikha, as do many Islamic traditions - thus the Persian poem called Yusuf and Zulaikha from Jami's Haft Awrang "Seven thrones".
The story became a very common subject in Western art during the Renaissance and Baroque periods, usually depicting the moment when Joseph tears himself away from the bed containing a more-or-less naked figure of Potiphar's wife. Persian miniatures often illustrate Yusuf and Zulaikha in Jami's Haft Awrang ("Seven thrones").
It is difficult to tie Potiphar or Joseph accurately to a particular pharaoh or time period. According to the Jewish calendar, Joseph was purchased in the year 2216, which is 1544 BC, at the end of the Second Intermediate Period or very beginning of the New Kingdom. The Torah in which the story appears (see also the Bible and the Quran), was the earliest written of the three: c. 600 BC during the Babylonian Exile. According to the documentary hypothesis, the story of Potiphar and his wife is credited to the Yahwist source, and stands in the same place that the stories of the butler and the baker and Pharaoh's dreams stand in the Elohist text.
IslamEdit
The story is first related in Quran 12:21–35: An Egyptian purchases Joseph and proposes to adopt him. The Egyptian's wife endeavours to seduce Joseph but he was preserved from her enticements. She accuses Joseph of an attempt to dishonour her. The rent in his garment testifies Joseph's innocence. Azeez believes Joseph and condemns his wife. The sin of Azeez's wife becomes known in the city (Q12:30). The wives of other noblemen, seeing Joseph's beauty, call him an angel. Azeez's wife declares her purpose to imprison Joseph unless he yield to her solicitations. Joseph seeks protection from God who hears his prayer and turns aside their snares but Joseph is imprisoned notwithstanding his innocence.[3]
In The Divine Comedy, Dante sees the shade of Potiphar's wife in the eighth circle of Hell. She does not speak, but Dante is told by another spirit that, along with other perjurers, she is condemned to suffer a burning fever for all eternity.
In the John Sayles film Matewan, Will Oldham plays a young minister boy who preaches the story of Potiphar to his small town.
In Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice's musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Potiphar is a tycoon of ancient Egypt who made his wealth through buying shares in pyramids, ("Potiphar had made a huge pile, owned a large percentage of the Nile"). His wife is a seductive man-eater. Both feature in the song "Potiphar".
In John Keats' poem, "On Fame", Keats calls Fame "Sister-in-law to jealous Potiphar".
In the animated film Joseph: King of Dreams, prior to having him jailed for allegedly assaulting his wife, Potiphar takes notice of Joseph's intelligence and makes him a chief slave in his household. He orders Joseph to be executed for the attempted rape of his wife, but when she asks him to stop, Potiphar realizes Joseph was telling the truth of his innocence and instead has him jailed to save face, though he shows great disgust at his wife. Potiphar later brings Joseph to Pharaoh, who is plagued by inexplicable dreams, and expresses deep regret for having Joseph put in prison, but Joseph understands and forgives Potiphar. After Joseph interprets Pharaoh's dreams, Pharaoh asks Potiphar if he trusts Joseph, to which he responds that he trusts Joseph "with [his] life." Potiphar also is present when Joseph reunites with his brothers.
In Margaret Atwood's The Testaments, the sequel to The Handmaid's Tale, Potiphor's wife is referred to in Chapter 46 of the Ardua Hall Holograph storyline as narrated by Aunt Lydia. She mentions that Dr. Grove defended himself against attempted rape charges through the Potiphar vignette.
Czechoslovak author Valdemar Vinař wrote La skandalo pro Jozefo, an original work of fiction in Esperanto, relating the story from the viewpoints of five different witnesses.
^Wherry, Elwood Morris (1896). A Complete Index to Sale's Text, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
BibliographyEdit
Osman, A. (1987) The Hebrew Pharaohs of Egypt, Bear & Co.: Rochester, Vermont. ISBN9781591430223.
October 14, 2023
potiphar, pꜣ, pꜣ, rꜥin, hieroglyphs, hebrew, יפ, יפ, modern, pōṭīfar, tiberian, pōṭīp, pōṭīp, from, late, egyptian, pꜣ, pꜣ, rꜥ, whom, gave, figure, hebrew, bible, quran, name, possibly, indicates, same, figure, potiphera, hebrew, פוטיפרע, captain, pharaoh, gua. Potipharpꜣ dj pꜣ rꜥin hieroglyphsPotiphar ˈ p ɒ t ɪ f er POT if er Hebrew פ ו ט יפ ר פ ו ט יפ ר Modern Pōṭifar Tiberian Pōṭip ar Pōṭip ar from Late Egyptian pꜣ dj pꜣ rꜥ lit he whom Ra gave 1 is a figure in the Hebrew Bible and the Quran His name possibly indicates the same figure as Potiphera Hebrew פוטיפרע Potiphar is the captain of Pharaoh s guard who is said to have purchased Joseph as a slave and impressed by his intelligence makes him the master of his household Potiphar s wife who was known for her infidelities took a liking to Joseph and attempted to seduce him When Joseph refused her advances and ran off leaving his outer vestment in her hands she retaliated by falsely accusing him of trying to rape her and Potiphar had Joseph imprisoned What happened to Potiphar after that is unclear some sources identify him as Potipherah an Egyptian priest whose daughter Asenath marries Joseph 2 The false accusation by Potiphar s wife plays an important role in Joseph s narrative because had he not been imprisoned he would not have met the fellow prisoner who introduced him to Pharaoh The medieval Sefer HaYashar a commentary on the Torah gives Potiphar s wife s name as Zuleikha as do many Islamic traditions thus the Persian poem called Yusuf and Zulaikha from Jami s Haft Awrang Seven thrones The story became a very common subject in Western art during the Renaissance and Baroque periods usually depicting the moment when Joseph tears himself away from the bed containing a more or less naked figure of Potiphar s wife Persian miniatures often illustrate Yusuf and Zulaikha in Jami s Haft Awrang Seven thrones Contents 1 Religious references 2 Islam 3 Cultural references 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 BibliographyReligious references EditIt is difficult to tie Potiphar or Joseph accurately to a particular pharaoh or time period According to the Jewish calendar Joseph was purchased in the year 2216 which is 1544 BC at the end of the Second Intermediate Period or very beginning of the New Kingdom The Torah in which the story appears see also the Bible and the Quran was the earliest written of the three c 600 BC during the Babylonian Exile According to the documentary hypothesis the story of Potiphar and his wife is credited to the Yahwist source and stands in the same place that the stories of the butler and the baker and Pharaoh s dreams stand in the Elohist text Islam EditThe story is first related in Quran 12 21 35 An Egyptian purchases Joseph and proposes to adopt him The Egyptian s wife endeavours to seduce Joseph but he was preserved from her enticements She accuses Joseph of an attempt to dishonour her The rent in his garment testifies Joseph s innocence Azeez believes Joseph and condemns his wife The sin of Azeez s wife becomes known in the city Q12 30 The wives of other noblemen seeing Joseph s beauty call him an angel Azeez s wife declares her purpose to imprison Joseph unless he yield to her solicitations Joseph seeks protection from God who hears his prayer and turns aside their snares but Joseph is imprisoned notwithstanding his innocence 3 Cultural references Edit nbsp Joseph Accused by Potiphar s Wife by Rembrandt van Rijn 1655 In art the subject is one of the most commonly shown in the Power of Women topos There is a Persian poem called Yusuf and Zulaikha in Jami s Haft Awrang Seven thrones In The Divine Comedy Dante sees the shade of Potiphar s wife in the eighth circle of Hell She does not speak but Dante is told by another spirit that along with other perjurers she is condemned to suffer a burning fever for all eternity In the John Sayles film Matewan Will Oldham plays a young minister boy who preaches the story of Potiphar to his small town In Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice s musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat Potiphar is a tycoon of ancient Egypt who made his wealth through buying shares in pyramids Potiphar had made a huge pile owned a large percentage of the Nile His wife is a seductive man eater Both feature in the song Potiphar In John Keats poem On Fame Keats calls Fame Sister in law to jealous Potiphar In the animated film Joseph King of Dreams prior to having him jailed for allegedly assaulting his wife Potiphar takes notice of Joseph s intelligence and makes him a chief slave in his household He orders Joseph to be executed for the attempted rape of his wife but when she asks him to stop Potiphar realizes Joseph was telling the truth of his innocence and instead has him jailed to save face though he shows great disgust at his wife Potiphar later brings Joseph to Pharaoh who is plagued by inexplicable dreams and expresses deep regret for having Joseph put in prison but Joseph understands and forgives Potiphar After Joseph interprets Pharaoh s dreams Pharaoh asks Potiphar if he trusts Joseph to which he responds that he trusts Joseph with his life Potiphar also is present when Joseph reunites with his brothers In Joseph and his Brothers Thomas Mann suggests that Potiphar s wife is sexually frustrated partly because Potiphar is a eunuch In Margaret Atwood s The Testaments the sequel to The Handmaid s Tale Potiphor s wife is referred to in Chapter 46 of the Ardua Hall Holograph storyline as narrated by Aunt Lydia She mentions that Dr Grove defended himself against attempted rape charges through the Potiphar vignette Czechoslovak author Valdemar Vinar wrote La skandalo pro Jozefo an original work of fiction in Esperanto relating the story from the viewpoints of five different witnesses Gallery EditJoseph and Potiphar s Wife in Art nbsp from the 1493 Nuremberg Chronicle nbsp Joseph and Potiphar s Wife by Ludovico Cigoli nbsp Guercino Joseph and Potiphar s Wife 1649 nbsp Joseph and Potiphar s Wife by Bartolome Esteban Perez Murillo nbsp Joseph and Potiphar s Wife by Jean Baptiste Nattier nbsp Joseph and Potiphar s Wife by Guido Reni 1631 nbsp Joseph and Potiphar s Wife by Rembrandt 1634See also EditYusuf and ZulaikhaReferences Edit Ulmer Rivka 2009 12 15 Egyptian Cultural Icons in Midrash Walter de Gruyter ISBN 9783110223934 1 Potiphar JewishEncyclopedia com www jewishencyclopedia com Wherry Elwood Morris 1896 A Complete Index to Sale s Text Preliminary Discourse and Notes London Kegan Paul Trench Trubner and Co nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Bibliography EditOsman A 1987 The Hebrew Pharaohs of Egypt Bear amp Co Rochester Vermont ISBN 9781591430223 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Potiphar amp oldid 1173332499, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
