For a system for patients to view online and download their own personal health records, see Blue Button.
Porpita porpita, or blue button, is a marine organism consisting of a colony of hydroids[2] found in the warmer, tropical and sub-tropical waters of the Pacific,[3] Atlantic, and Indian oceans, as well as the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Arabian Sea.[4] It was first identified by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, under the basionym Medusa porpita.[5][6] In addition, it is one of the two genera under the suborder Chondrophora, which is a group of cnidarians that also includes Velella.[7] The chondrophores are similar to the better-known siphonophores, which includes the Portuguese man o' war, or Physalia physalis. Although it is superficially similar to a jellyfish, each apparent individual is actually a colony of hydrozoanpolyps. The taxonomic class, Hydrozoa, falls under the phylum Cnidaria, which includes anemones, corals, and jellyfish, which explains their similar appearances.
The blue button can grow up to 30 mm in diameter[7] and lives on the surface of the sea and consists of two main parts: the float and the hydroid colony. The hard golden brown float is round, almost flat, and about one inch wide. The float organ is responsible for the organism’s vertical movement[5][8] and also contains pores that are able to communicate with other P. porpita organisms as well as its surroundings.[9] The hydroid colony, which can range from bright blue turquoise to yellow, resembles tentacles like those of the jellyfish.[10] Each strand has numerous branchlets, each of the knobs of stinging cells called nematocysts terminates at the distal end. The blue button has a single mouth located beneath the float, which is used for both the intake of prey and the expulsion of wastes. The mouth is surrounded by a ring of gonozooids and dactylozooids.[6] Tentacles are only found on the dactylozooids, which exist furthest away from the mouth, towards the outer part of the hydroid colony.[4]
The blue button is a part of the neustonic food web, which covers the organisms that inhabit the region on or near the surface of the ocean. This is because it is a passive drifter, which means that it relies on water currents and wind to carry it through the ocean. It is preyed on by the sea slug Glaucus atlanticus (sea swallow or blue dragon), violet sea-snails of the genus Janthina,[11] and the other blue dragon, Glaucus marginatus.[12] Unlike Velella, which prefers a passive diet, Porpita will hunt active crustaceans like crab and fish.[13] It competes with other drifters for food and mainly feeds on copepods and crustacean larvae.
Central disk of blue button 1.5cm diameter
Blue button from Bay of Bengal
Blue button from Arabian Sea
Commensalism with a fish
Young Carangoides malabaricus, also known as the ‘Malabar trevally’, have been shown to take shelter underneath the floats of Porpita porpita. When removed from its host, the fish will panic. These juvenile fish also appear to show preference for a particular siphonophore. When two pairs of Porpita porpita and Carangoides malabaricus are separated by species, then returned to the same tank, each fish will return to its respective partner.[14][15]
Effects of global warming
The blue button sting is not powerful but may cause slight irritation to human skin.[2][16] However, in recent years, it has been hypothesized that due to global warming, Porpita pacifica (another name for the species)[17][6] colonies have begun appearing in larger numbers along coastlines in Japan and the first case of contact dermatitis from this species was recorded.[18] A sudden increase in the abundance of Porpita porpita has also been observed in a separate study of its populations in the Ionian and Adriatic seas, possibly also due to rising temperatures throughout the oceans.[19]
References
^WoRMS (2011). Schuchert P (ed.). "Porpita porpita (Linnaeus, 1758)". World Hydrozoa database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
^ ab"Blue Button Jellyfish (Porpita porpita) blue jellyfish with fringe". www.beachhunter.net. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
^Meinkoch, Norman. "The Audubon Field Guide to North American Seashore Creatures." 1981. New York, New York.
^ abGul, Shahnawaz & Gravili, Cinzia. (2014). On the occurrence of Porpita porpita (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) at Pakistan coast (North Arabian Sea). Marine Biodiversity Records. 7. 10.1017/S1755267214000189.
^ abLillo, Antonio & Tiralongo, Francesco & Tondo, Elena. (2019). New Records of Porpita porpita (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the Mediterranean Sea. Natural and Engineering Sciences. 4. 293-298. 10.28978/nesciences.646425.
^ abcCalder, Dale. (2010). Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa. 2590. 10.11646/zootaxa.2590.1.1.
^ abDeidun, Alan. “NOTES ON THE RECENT OCCURRENCE OF UNCOMMON PELAGIC ‘JELLYFISH’ SPECIES IN MALTESE COASTAL WATERS.” Naturalisa Siciliano, vol. 4, no. 34, ser. 3-4, 2010, pp. 375–384. 3-4.
^Fryer G, Stanley GD (2004) A Silurian porpitoid hydrozoan from Cumbria, England, and a note on porpitoid relationships. Palaeontology 47(5):1109–1119
^Chowdhury, M. Shah Nawaz; Sharifuzzaman, S. M.; Chowdhury, Sayedur Rahman; Rashed-Un-Nabi, Md.; Hossain, M. Shahadat (2016-06-01). "First Record of Porpita porpita (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the coral reef ecosystem, Bangladesh". Ocean Science Journal. 51 (2): 293–297. doi:10.1007/s12601-016-0025-9. ISSN 2005-7172. S2CID 89423938.
^"Identification Chart for Jellies." Archived 2009-02-21 at the Wayback Machine
^Hayward P.J. & Ryland J.S. (1990). The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Volume 2 - Molluscs to Chordates. page 681. Clarendon Press, Oxford. ISBN0-19-857515-7
^Salleh, Anna (12 February 2021). "Bizarre 'blue fleet' blows onto Australia's east coast". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
^Saygın, Özlem. (2017). On the occurrence of blue button, Porpita porpita (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Levantine coast of Turkey. Natural and Engineering Sciences. 2. 33-36. 10.28978/nesciences.328905.
^Noble A.(1963) Association between the fish, Caranx malabaricus Cuv. &Val. and the siphonophore, Porpita pacifica Lesson. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 5, 142–143.
^WoRMS Editorial Board (2021). World Register of Marine Species. Available from http://www.marinespecies.org at VLIZ. Accessed 2021-07-24. doi:10.14284/170
^Ramanibai, R., Govindan, S. & Balakrishnan, T. (2014). Notes on the occurrence of Porpita porpita (Blue button) from Pulicat Lagoon. Journal of Research in Biology 4(7): 1487-1490.
^WoRMS Editorial Board (2020). World Register of Marine Species. Available from http://www.marinespecies.org at VLIZ. Accessed 2020-03-30. doi:10.14284/170
^Oiso N, Fukai K, Ishii M, Ohgushi T, Kubota S. Jellyfish dermatitis caused by Porpita pacifica, a sign of global warming? Contact Dermatitis. 2005 Apr;52(4):232-233. DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.0566f.x.
^Bianchi, C.N. (2007). "Biodiversity issues for the forthcoming tropical Mediterranean Sea". Hydrobiologia, 580: pp.7-21.
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January 31, 2023
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For a system for patients to view online and download their own personal health records see Blue Button Porpita porpita or blue button is a marine organism consisting of a colony of hydroids 2 found in the warmer tropical and sub tropical waters of the Pacific 3 Atlantic and Indian oceans as well as the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Arabian Sea 4 It was first identified by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 under the basionym Medusa porpita 5 6 In addition it is one of the two genera under the suborder Chondrophora which is a group of cnidarians that also includes Velella 7 The chondrophores are similar to the better known siphonophores which includes the Portuguese man o war or Physalia physalis Although it is superficially similar to a jellyfish each apparent individual is actually a colony of hydrozoan polyps The taxonomic class Hydrozoa falls under the phylum Cnidaria which includes anemones corals and jellyfish which explains their similar appearances Porpita porpitaBlue buttonScientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum CnidariaClass HydrozoaOrder AnthoathecataFamily PorpitidaeGenus PorpitaSpecies P porpitaBinomial namePorpita porpita Linnaeus 1758 1 Contents 1 Description 2 Habitat and feeding 3 Commensalism with a fish 4 Effects of global warming 5 ReferencesDescription EditThe blue button can grow up to 30 mm in diameter 7 and lives on the surface of the sea and consists of two main parts the float and the hydroid colony The hard golden brown float is round almost flat and about one inch wide The float organ is responsible for the organism s vertical movement 5 8 and also contains pores that are able to communicate with other P porpita organisms as well as its surroundings 9 The hydroid colony which can range from bright blue turquoise to yellow resembles tentacles like those of the jellyfish 10 Each strand has numerous branchlets each of the knobs of stinging cells called nematocysts terminates at the distal end The blue button has a single mouth located beneath the float which is used for both the intake of prey and the expulsion of wastes The mouth is surrounded by a ring of gonozooids and dactylozooids 6 Tentacles are only found on the dactylozooids which exist furthest away from the mouth towards the outer part of the hydroid colony 4 Habitat and feeding EditSee also Ocean surface ecosystem The blue button is a part of the neustonic food web which covers the organisms that inhabit the region on or near the surface of the ocean This is because it is a passive drifter which means that it relies on water currents and wind to carry it through the ocean It is preyed on by the sea slug Glaucus atlanticus sea swallow or blue dragon violet sea snails of the genus Janthina 11 and the other blue dragon Glaucus marginatus 12 Unlike Velella which prefers a passive diet Porpita will hunt active crustaceans like crab and fish 13 It competes with other drifters for food and mainly feeds on copepods and crustacean larvae Central disk of blue button 1 5cm diameter Blue button from Bay of Bengal Blue button from Arabian SeaCommensalism with a fish EditYoung Carangoides malabaricus also known as the Malabar trevally have been shown to take shelter underneath the floats of Porpita porpita When removed from its host the fish will panic These juvenile fish also appear to show preference for a particular siphonophore When two pairs of Porpita porpita and Carangoides malabaricus are separated by species then returned to the same tank each fish will return to its respective partner 14 15 Effects of global warming EditThe blue button sting is not powerful but may cause slight irritation to human skin 2 16 However in recent years it has been hypothesized that due to global warming Porpita pacifica another name for the species 17 6 colonies have begun appearing in larger numbers along coastlines in Japan and the first case of contact dermatitis from this species was recorded 18 A sudden increase in the abundance of Porpita porpita has also been observed in a separate study of its populations in the Ionian and Adriatic seas possibly also due to rising temperatures throughout the oceans 19 References Edit WoRMS 2011 Schuchert P ed Porpita porpita Linnaeus 1758 World Hydrozoa database World Register of Marine Species Retrieved 2011 12 18 a b Blue Button Jellyfish Porpita porpita blue jellyfish with fringe www beachhunter net Retrieved 2020 04 13 Meinkoch Norman The Audubon Field Guide to North American Seashore Creatures 1981 New York New York a b Gul Shahnawaz amp Gravili Cinzia 2014 On the occurrence of Porpita porpita Cnidaria Hydrozoa at Pakistan coast North Arabian Sea Marine Biodiversity Records 7 10 1017 S1755267214000189 a b Lillo Antonio amp Tiralongo Francesco amp Tondo Elena 2019 New Records of Porpita porpita Linnaeus 1758 Cnidaria Hydrozoa in the Mediterranean Sea Natural and Engineering Sciences 4 293 298 10 28978 nesciences 646425 a b c Calder Dale 2010 Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps Cnidaria Hydrozoa from the Hawaiian archipelago Zootaxa 2590 10 11646 zootaxa 2590 1 1 a b Deidun Alan NOTES ON THE RECENT OCCURRENCE OF UNCOMMON PELAGIC JELLYFISH SPECIES IN MALTESE COASTAL WATERS Naturalisa Siciliano vol 4 no 34 ser 3 4 2010 pp 375 384 3 4 Fryer G Stanley GD 2004 A Silurian porpitoid hydrozoan from Cumbria England and a note on porpitoid relationships Palaeontology 47 5 1109 1119 Chowdhury M Shah Nawaz Sharifuzzaman S M Chowdhury Sayedur Rahman Rashed Un Nabi Md Hossain M Shahadat 2016 06 01 First Record of Porpita porpita Cnidaria Hydrozoa from the coral reef ecosystem Bangladesh Ocean Science Journal 51 2 293 297 doi 10 1007 s12601 016 0025 9 ISSN 2005 7172 S2CID 89423938 Identification Chart for Jellies Archived 2009 02 21 at the Wayback Machine Hayward P J amp Ryland J S 1990 The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North West Europe Volume 2 Molluscs to Chordates page 681 Clarendon Press Oxford ISBN 0 19 857515 7 Salleh Anna 12 February 2021 Bizarre blue fleet blows onto Australia s east coast ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 13 February 2021 Saygin Ozlem 2017 On the occurrence of blue button Porpita porpita Cnidaria Hydrozoa from Levantine coast of Turkey Natural and Engineering Sciences 2 33 36 10 28978 nesciences 328905 Noble A 1963 Association between the fish Caranx malabaricus Cuv amp Val and the siphonophore Porpita pacifica Lesson Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 5 142 143 WoRMS Editorial Board 2021 World Register of Marine Species Available from http www marinespecies org at VLIZ Accessed 2021 07 24 doi 10 14284 170 Ramanibai R Govindan S amp Balakrishnan T 2014 Notes on the occurrence of Porpita porpita Blue button from Pulicat Lagoon Journal of Research in Biology 4 7 1487 1490 WoRMS Editorial Board 2020 World Register of Marine Species Available from http www marinespecies org at VLIZ Accessed 2020 03 30 doi 10 14284 170 Oiso N Fukai K Ishii M Ohgushi T Kubota S Jellyfish dermatitis caused by Porpita pacifica a sign of global warming Contact Dermatitis 2005 Apr 52 4 232 233 DOI 10 1111 j 0105 1873 2005 0566f x Bianchi C N 2007 Biodiversity issues for the forthcoming tropical Mediterranean Sea Hydrobiologia 580 pp 7 21 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Porpita porpita Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Porpita porpita amp oldid 1060788130, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
