Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED virus or PEDV) is a coronavirus that infects the cells lining the small intestine of a pig, causing porcine epidemic diarrhoea, a condition of severe diarrhea and dehydration. Older hogs mostly get sick and lose weight after being infected, whereas newborn piglets usually die within five days of contracting the virus. PEDV cannot be transmitted to humans, nor contaminate the human food supply.
It was first discovered in Europe, but has become increasingly problematic in Asian countries, such as Korea, China, Japan, the Philippines, and Thailand. It has also spread to North America: it was discovered in the United States on May 5, 2013 in Indiana,[1] and in Canada in the winter of 2014. In January 2014, a new variant strain of PEDV with three deletions, one insertion, and several mutations in S (spike) 1 region was identified in Ohio by the Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab of Ohio Department of Agriculture.[2]
PEDV has a substantial economic burden given that it is highly infectious, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in piglets. Morbidity and mortality rates were lower for vaccinated herds than for nonvaccinated herds, which suggests the emergence of a new PEDV field strain(s) for which the current vaccine, based on the CV777 strain, was partially protective.[3] Consumers are likely to feel the effects of the viral disease in the form of higher prices for pork products.[4]
A Bayesian study of 138 genomes showed that the virus has six subtypes.[5] Groups 1 and 2 originated in North America and groups 3–5 originated in Asia. The evolution rate of the genome was estimated to be 3.38 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year similar to other RNA viruses. The most recent common ancestor of the extant strains evolved ~1943.
Clinical Signsedit
PED is an acute disease with an incubation period of 1-4 days. The virus causes diarrhea and vomiting resulting in severe dehydration. In neonates the mortality can be up to 100% in virulent strains. Older pigs generally recover in 7-10 days. Piglets when sick often lie in groups or lie on the mother's belly because they are cold[6]
Transmissionedit
PED is transmitted by fecal-oral transmission and the infectious dose is low. Pre-weaned piglets shed large amounts of virus in their feces resulting in rapid spread and high mortality rates. Older animals do not shed as much virus in their feces as piglets. It can also be spread via contaminated fomites. A study showed that when aerosolized virus particles can spread up to 10 miles from the source of infection. [6]
Necropsy findingsedit
Post-mortem findings in suckling animals include empty stomach contents with little milk curd. The intestines are thin walled and distended, filled with a watery content. Diagnosis of PED is confirmed using PCR from feces or intestines of affected animals, or by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed tissue.[6]
^Wang, L.; Byrum, B.; Zhang, Y. (2014). "New Variant of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, United States, 2014". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 20 (5): 917–9. doi:10.3201/eid2005.140195. PMC4012824. PMID 24750580.
^Song, D.; Park, B. (2012). "Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus: a comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccines". Virus Genes. 44 (2): 167–175. doi:10.1007/s11262-012-0713-1. PMC7089188. PMID 22270324.
^Enoch, D. (29 December 2013). "Deadly pig disease trims supplies, drives pork prices higher". Agri-Pulse. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
^Jang J, Yoon SH, Lee W, Yu J, Yoon J, Shim S, Kim H (2018) Time-calibrated phylogenomics of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: genome-wide insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics. Genes Genomics 40(8):825-834. doi: 10.1007/s13258-018-0686-0
^ abcTransboundary and Emerging Diseases of Animals. Iowa State University. 2016. ISBN9780984627059.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.
New Variants of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, China, 2011, from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control
Dr. Lisa Becton, U.S. National Pork Board, PEDV - Research Update, from June 4, 2014 World Pork Expo
Dr. Liz Wagstrom, U.S. National Pork Producers Council, PEDV - Next Steps, from June 4, 2014 World Pork Expo
Dr. Harry Snelson, American Association of Swine Veterinarians, PEDV - Lessons Learned, from June 4, 2014 World Pork Expo
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Status List, from the U.S. National Pork Board
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Emergence in the US: Status Report, Diagnostics, & Observations Dr. Rodger Main, Iowa State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, from the 2014 Iowa Pork Congress, January 22–23, Des Moines, IA, USA.
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Update Dr. Darin Madson, Iowa State University, Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, from the 2013 Swine Health Seminar, August 16–18, 2013
What’s at stake for Canada as pig virus spreads
April 09, 2024
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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus PED virus or PEDV is a coronavirus that infects the cells lining the small intestine of a pig causing porcine epidemic diarrhoea a condition of severe diarrhea and dehydration Older hogs mostly get sick and lose weight after being infected whereas newborn piglets usually die within five days of contracting the virus PEDV cannot be transmitted to humans nor contaminate the human food supply Porcine epidemic diarrhea virusPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus particles seen by electron microscopyVirus classification unranked VirusRealm RiboviriaKingdom OrthornaviraePhylum PisuviricotaClass PisoniviricetesOrder NidoviralesFamily CoronaviridaeGenus AlphacoronavirusSubgenus PedacovirusSpecies Porcine epidemic diarrhea virusIt was first discovered in Europe but has become increasingly problematic in Asian countries such as Korea China Japan the Philippines and Thailand It has also spread to North America it was discovered in the United States on May 5 2013 in Indiana 1 and in Canada in the winter of 2014 In January 2014 a new variant strain of PEDV with three deletions one insertion and several mutations in S spike 1 region was identified in Ohio by the Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab of Ohio Department of Agriculture 2 PEDV has a substantial economic burden given that it is highly infectious resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in piglets Morbidity and mortality rates were lower for vaccinated herds than for nonvaccinated herds which suggests the emergence of a new PEDV field strain s for which the current vaccine based on the CV777 strain was partially protective 3 Consumers are likely to feel the effects of the viral disease in the form of higher prices for pork products 4 Contents 1 Evolution 2 Clinical Signs 3 Transmission 4 Necropsy findings 5 References 6 External linksEvolution edit nbsp Geographic spread of PEDV by year A Bayesian study of 138 genomes showed that the virus has six subtypes 5 Groups 1 and 2 originated in North America and groups 3 5 originated in Asia The evolution rate of the genome was estimated to be 3 38 10 4 substitutions site year similar to other RNA viruses The most recent common ancestor of the extant strains evolved 1943 Clinical Signs editPED is an acute disease with an incubation period of 1 4 days The virus causes diarrhea and vomiting resulting in severe dehydration In neonates the mortality can be up to 100 in virulent strains Older pigs generally recover in 7 10 days Piglets when sick often lie in groups or lie on the mother s belly because they are cold 6 Transmission editPED is transmitted by fecal oral transmission and the infectious dose is low Pre weaned piglets shed large amounts of virus in their feces resulting in rapid spread and high mortality rates Older animals do not shed as much virus in their feces as piglets It can also be spread via contaminated fomites A study showed that when aerosolized virus particles can spread up to 10 miles from the source of infection 6 Necropsy findings editPost mortem findings in suckling animals include empty stomach contents with little milk curd The intestines are thin walled and distended filled with a watery content Diagnosis of PED is confirmed using PCR from feces or intestines of affected animals or by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed tissue 6 References edit Snelson H 2014 Comprehensive Discussion of PEDv Slide 3 American Association of Swine Veterinarians presentation to the 2014 Pork Management Conference June 19 2014 http www slideshare net trufflemedia dr harry snelson pedv lessons learned Wang L Byrum B Zhang Y 2014 New Variant of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus United States 2014 Emerging Infectious Diseases 20 5 917 9 doi 10 3201 eid2005 140195 PMC 4012824 PMID 24750580 Song D Park B 2012 Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus a comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology diagnosis and vaccines Virus Genes 44 2 167 175 doi 10 1007 s11262 012 0713 1 PMC 7089188 PMID 22270324 Enoch D 29 December 2013 Deadly pig disease trims supplies drives pork prices higher Agri Pulse Retrieved 11 January 2014 Jang J Yoon SH Lee W Yu J Yoon J Shim S Kim H 2018 Time calibrated phylogenomics of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genome wide insights into the spatio temporal dynamics Genes Genomics 40 8 825 834 doi 10 1007 s13258 018 0686 0 a b c Transboundary and Emerging Diseases of Animals Iowa State University 2016 ISBN 9780984627059 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus New Variants of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus China 2011 from the U S Centers for Disease Control Dr Lisa Becton U S National Pork Board PEDV Research Update from June 4 2014 World Pork Expo Dr Liz Wagstrom U S National Pork Producers Council PEDV Next Steps from June 4 2014 World Pork Expo Dr Harry Snelson American Association of Swine Veterinarians PEDV Lessons Learned from June 4 2014 World Pork Expo Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Status List from the U S National Pork Board Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Emergence in the US Status Report Diagnostics amp Observations Dr Rodger Main Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Lab from the 2014 Iowa Pork Congress January 22 23 Des Moines IA USA Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Update Dr Darin Madson Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Lab from the 2013 Swine Health Seminar August 16 18 2013 What s at stake for Canada as pig virus spreads Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus amp oldid 1030982223, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
