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Population of Canada by province and territory

October 20, 2023

Canada is divided into 10 provinces and three territories. The majority of Canada's population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada–US border. Its four largest provinces by area (Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, and Alberta) are also its most populous; together they account for 86.5% of the country's population. The territories (the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon) account for over a third of Canada's area but are home to only 0.32% of its population, which skews the national population density value.

Map of Canadian provinces and territories by population (2021). Legend:
  >10 million
  5 million to 10 million
  1 million to 5 million
  500 thousand to 1 million
  100 thousand to 500 thousand
  <100 thousand

Canada's population grew by 5.24% between the 2016 and 2021 censuses.[1] With the exceptions of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Northwest Territories, all territories and provinces increased in population from 2016 to 2021. In terms of percent change, the fastest-growing province or territory was Yukon with an increase of 12.1% between 2016 and 2021, followed by Prince Edward Island with 7.99% growth.

Generally, provinces steadily grew in population along with Canada. However, some provinces such as Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador experienced long periods of stagnation or population decline. Ontario and Quebec were always the two most populous provinces in Canada, with over 60% of the population at any given time. The demographic importance of the West steadily grew over time, while the importance of Atlantic Canada steadily slipped. Canada's population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867: see List of population of Canada by year.

Population Edit

Population Name[1] Population,
2021 Census 		Growth,
2016–21 		Land area
(km2) 		Population
density
(per km2)  		House of
Commons seats 		Senate seats
Total Proportion Total Proportion Total Proportion
1   Ontario 14,223,942 38.45% 5.8% 908,699.33 15.2 121 35.8% 24 22.86%
2   Quebec 8,501,833 22.98% 4.1% 1,356,625.27 6.5 78 23.1% 24 22.86%
3   British Columbia 5,000,879 13.52% 7.6% 922,503.01 5.4 42 12.4% 6 5.71%
4   Alberta 4,262,635 11.52% 4.8% 640,330.46 6.7 34 10.1% 6 5.71%
5   Manitoba 1,342,153 3.63% 5.8% 552,370.99 2.3 14 4.1% 6 5.71%
6   Saskatchewan 1,132,505 3.06% 3.4% 588,243.54 2.0 14 4.1% 6 5.71%
7   Nova Scotia 969,383 2.62% 5.0% 52,942.27 18.4 11 3.3% 10 9.52%
8   New Brunswick 775,610 2.09% 3.8% 71,388.81 10.9 10 3.0% 10 9.52%
9   Newfoundland and Labrador 510,550 1.38% -1.8% 370,514.08 1.4 7 2.1% 6 5.71%
10   Prince Edward Island 154,331 0.42% 8.0% 5,686.03 27.2 4 1.2% 4 3.81%
11   Northwest Territories 41,070 0.11% -1.7% 1,143,793.86 0.04 1 0.3% 1 0.95%
12   Yukon 40,232 0.11% 12.1% 474,712.68 0.08 1 0.3% 1 0.95%
13   Nunavut 36,858 0.10% 2.5% 1,877,778.53 0.02 1 0.3% 1 0.95%
Total   Canada 36,991,981 100% 5.2% 8,965,588.85 4.2 338 100% 105 100%

Population growth rate Edit

 
Map of Canadian provinces and territories by population growth rate (2016–2021).
  < 4.0%
   4.0%–7.0%
   7.0%–10.0%
  > 10.0%
  population decline

Current provinces and territories population growth rate are based on the Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population.[1]

Rank Name 2021 Census 2016 Census Change
1   Yukon 40,232 35,874 +12.15%
2   Prince Edward Island 154,331 142,907 +7.99%
3   British Columbia 5,000,879 4,648,055 +7.59%
4   Ontario 14,223,942 13,448,494 +5.77%
5   Manitoba 1,342,153 1,278,365 +4.99%
6   Nova Scotia 969,383 923,598 +4.96%
7   Alberta 4,262,635 4,067,175 +4.81%
8   Quebec 8,501,833 8,164,361 +4.13%
9   New Brunswick 775,610 747,101 +3.82%
10   Saskatchewan 1,132,505 1,098,352 +3.11%
11   Nunavut 36,858 35,944 +2.54%
12   Northwest Territories 41,070 41,786 −1.71%
13   Newfoundland and Labrador 510,550 519,716 −1.76%
Total   Canada 36,991,981 35,151,728 +5.24%

Demographic evolution Edit

Historical population Edit

 
Ontario and Quebec have been the two most populated provinces since Confederation.
Further information: List of Canadian provinces and territories by historical population

The population of Canada increased every year since Confederation in 1867.[2] The first national census of the country was taken in 1871, and it covered the four provinces which were part of Canada at the time.[3] It recorded a population of 1,620,851 in Ontario, 1,191,516 in Quebec, 387,800 in Nova Scotia and 285,594 in New Brunswick[4] The population of each of these provinces continued to grow every year uninterrupted. However, their growth was slow in the late 19th century because there were few economic opportunities. As a result, many Canadians opted to emigrate in the United States for work.[5]

This phenomenon hit Quebec especially hard. Approximately 900,000 Quebec residents (French Canadian for the great majority) left for the United States between 1840 and 1930.[6][7] However, Quebec's population losses to emigration during this period were largely offset by its natural population growth. Indeed, until the middle of the 20th century, Quebec had a birth rate considerably higher than most of its contemporary industrialized societies.[8] This period of high French-Canadian population growth is nicknamed La Revanche des berceaux.[9]

 
Pamphlet advertising for immigration to Western Canada, c. 1910

Population growth in the Northwest Territories, and then the Western Provinces, picked up when the Canadian government passed the Dominion Lands Act in 1872 to encourage the settlement of the Canadian Prairies, and to help prevent the area from being claimed by the United States.[10] The act gave a claimant 160 acres (65 ha) for free, the only cost to the farmer being a $10 administration fee. Any male farmer who was at least 21 years of age and agreed to cultivate at least 40 acres (16 ha) of the land and build a permanent dwelling on it (within three years) qualified.[11] The population of the Canadian prairies grew rapidly in the last decade of the 19th century, and the population of Saskatchewan quintupled from 91,000 in 1901 to 492,000 in 1911.[12] The vast majority of these people were immigrants from Europe.[11]

Early counts of Northwest Territories' population tend to exclude the Indigenous citizens of the nations whose countries comprised the territory, such as the Dene of Denendeh or Inuit of Inuit Nunangat.[4] The territory's population drops at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries are due to its reduction in size, as Yukon, then Saskatchewan and Alberta were carved out of its territory, and the same with Nunavut a century later. Yukon's population spike at the turn of the 20th century is due to the Klondike Gold Rush, when an estimated 100,000 people tried to reach the Klondike goldfields between 1896 and 1899, of whom only around 30,000 to 40,000 eventually did.[13]

Generally, provinces steadily grew in population along with Canada. However, some provinces experienced long periods of stagnation or population decline. After peaking in 1891, Prince Edward Island's population started to decline every year until 1941, after which the province started growing again. In Saskatchewan, after a rapid population explosion at the beginning of the century that propelled the province to being the 3rd largest in the country, its population declined during the Great Depression, and its growth had been slow ever since. From 1931 to 2016, Saskatchewan's population increased by only 19.2%, well below the national average. Newfoundland and Labrador, on the other hand, experienced slow but continuous growth until the 1990s, when the cod fisheries collapsed, and their population started to fall.

After the collapse of the Canadian birth rate, most provinces now sustain their population with immigration from the developing world. The number of new immigrants increases every year.[14]

Historical population growth by province/territory[15][4][16][17][18][1]
  Ontario[19]   Quebec[20]   Nova Scotia[21]   New Brunswick[22]
  Manitoba[23]   British Columbia[24]   Prince Edward Island[25]   Saskatchewan[26]
  Alberta[27]   Newfoundland & Labrador[28][29]   Northwest Territories[30]   Yukon[31]
  Nunavut[32]

Demographic weight of provinces and territories Edit

 
Breakdown of Canada's population from the 2016 census by province/territory

The demographic weight of each province in Canada has always constituted a sensitive issue. In 1840, the Durham Report recommended that Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec) be united into one province. The newly created Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was required to have equal representation from Canada East (now Quebec) and Canada West (now Ontario),[33] even though the population of Canada East was considerably larger. In 1840, the population of Canada East was estimated at 670,000, while the population of Canada West was estimated to be 480,000.[34] Lord Durham had not recommended this approach and had instead proposed that the representation should be based on the respective populations of the two regions.[35] The British government rejected that recommendation and instead implemented sectional equality, apparently to give the English-speaking population of the new province a dominant voice in the provincial government.

However, the 1851 census revealed that Canada West's population had surpassed Canada East's. This fact fuelled demands in Canada West for the end of sectional equality and the move toward allocating seats in the legislation on the basis of population, nicknamed "rep by pop". This was a hotly contested issue at the constitutional conferences leading up to confederation, and the colonies reached a comprise in which the seats in the federal lower house (House of commons) would be allocated by population, and the seats in the federal upper house (Senate) would be allocated on the basis of three defined regions – Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes – that would each have 24 seats.[36]

Since Confederation, Ontario and Quebec have always been Canada's two most populous provinces. However, their combined demographic weight decreased from over 80% at Confederation to just over 60% in 2016. The Atlantic provinces also lost importance within Canada, from around 20% at Confederation to under 7% today. The West's importance, however, has only increased, from insignificant levels in 1871 to over 30% of the country in 2016. In the first half of the 20th century, the most populous western province was Saskatchewan, but its population was later eclipsed by British Columbia, Alberta, and Manitoba.[4][37]

The issue of the demographic weight of each province came up during the negotiations for the Patriation of the Constitution, and especially discussions around the amending formula of the constitution. The final formula stipulates that minor changes to the constitution had to be approved by the Parliament of Canada and the Legislature of 6 provinces representing at least 50% of the Canadian population. This essentially meant that either Ontario or Quebec had to agree to any constitutional amendments that affect all provinces.[38]

Quebec had managed to maintain a stable demographic weight within Canada during the first half of the 20th century due to its high birth rate. However, their importance began to slip as their birth rate started to fall in the 1960s.[39] Quebec wanted to make it up through immigration, and for this purpose created its Ministry of Immigration in 1968, and negotiated for increased powers in this field with the federal government. However, new immigrants to Canada disproportionally go the Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta, fuelling their rise in demographic weight.[40] In response, a Canada–Québec Accord was concluded in 1991 which, among other things, guaranteed Quebec an immigration rate proportional to its demographic weight in Canada.[41] This provision was not fulfilled, as in 2005, immigration to Quebec represented only 16.5% of all immigration to Canada.[42]

Quebec also attempted to maintain its weight within the Canadian House of Commons during the constitutional negotiations of the early 1990s. Under the Charlottetown Accord, in exchange for Quebec losing Senate seats under a Triple-E Senate (dropping from 24 to 6), Quebec was guaranteed never to be allotted less than 25% of the seats in the House of Commons. The Accord was ultimately defeated in a public referendum.[43]

Provinces
  Alberta
  British Columbia
  Manitoba
  New Brunswick
  Newfoundland & Labrador
  Northwest Territories
  Nova Scotia
  Nunavut
  Ontario
  Prince Edward Island
  Quebec
  Saskatchewan
  Yukon
Historical demographic weight of provinces and territories

See also Edit

Population centres by provinces and territories

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c d "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  2. ^ "Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present". Statistics Canada. 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2010.
  3. ^ "History of the Census of Canada". Statistics Canada. 2006. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  4. ^ a b c d Series A2-14. Population of Canada by province, census dates, 1851 to 1976
  5. ^ "Emigration The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  6. ^ Bélanger, Damien-Claude (23 August 2000). . Québec History, Claude Bélanger, Marianopolis College. Archived from the original on 25 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
  7. ^ Bélanger, Claude. "Emigration to the United States from Canada and Quebec, 1840–1940". Quebec History. Marianopolis College. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  8. ^ "Québec: dénatalité et immigration". www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  9. ^ Colombo's Canadian References, Oxford University Press, 1976, p.444.
  10. ^ Lambrecht, Kirk N (1991). The Administration of Dominion Lands, 1870-1930.
  11. ^ a b "Dominion Lands Act | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  12. ^ The history of Saskatchewan's population 2006-05-19 at the Wayback Machine from Statistics Canada
  13. ^ Berton, Pierre (2001). Klondike: The Last Great Gold Rush, 1896–1899 (Rev. ed.). Toronto: Anchor Canada. p. 396. ISBN 0-385-65844-3. OCLC 46661521.
  14. ^ "Canada Expected To Take In More Than One Million New Immigrants Between 2020-2022 | Link Newspaper". 21 March 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  15. ^ Belshaw, John Douglas (2015). "10.2 Demographics". Canadian History: Pre-Confederation. BCCampus.
  16. ^ "2006 Community Profiles - 2006 Canada Census". Statistics Canada. 2006.
  17. ^ "2011 Census Profiles". Statistics Canada. 2011.
  18. ^ "2016 Census profiles". Statistics Canada. 2016.
  19. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  20. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  21. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  22. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  23. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  24. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  25. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  26. ^ "Population urban and rural, by province and territory - Saskatchewan". 2008-05-01. from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  27. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  28. ^ "Census of Newfoundland and Labrador, 1935, vol. 1 : population by districts and settlements :: NL Books - Reference Sources, Directories, Etc". collections.mun.ca. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  29. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-03-21. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  30. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  31. ^ . 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  32. ^ "Population urban and rural, by province and territory - Nunavut". 2008-05-01. from the original on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  33. ^ Union Act, 1840, s. 12.
  34. ^ "Province of Canada (1841-67)", Canadian Encyclopedia.
  35. ^ Lord Durham's Report, pp. 323-324.
  36. ^ "Rep by Pop | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  37. ^ "Census profiles, 2016 census". Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017.
  38. ^ "Patriation of the Constitution | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  39. ^ "Chapitre 2: Naissances et fécondité". Le bilan démographique du Québec: Édition 2019. Quebec city: Institut de la statistique du Québec. 2019. p. 36.
  40. ^ "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". Statistics Canada. 2016.
  41. ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Politique -. "Il y a 50 ans, le Québec se dotait d'un ministère de l'Immigration". Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 2018-11-04.
  42. ^ Annual Immigration by Province 2006-10-07 at the Wayback Machine, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, URL accessed 2 July 2006
  43. ^ "Charlottetown Accord | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2020-03-30.

October 20, 2023
population, canada, province, territory, canada, divided, into, provinces, three, territories, majority, canada, population, concentrated, areas, close, canada, border, four, largest, provinces, area, ontario, quebec, british, columbia, alberta, also, most, po. Canada is divided into 10 provinces and three territories The majority of Canada s population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada US border Its four largest provinces by area Ontario Quebec British Columbia and Alberta are also its most populous together they account for 86 5 of the country s population The territories the Northwest Territories Nunavut and Yukon account for over a third of Canada s area but are home to only 0 32 of its population which skews the national population density value Map of Canadian provinces and territories by population 2021 Legend gt 10 million 5 million to 10 million 1 million to 5 million 500 thousand to 1 million 100 thousand to 500 thousand lt 100 thousandCanada s population grew by 5 24 between the 2016 and 2021 censuses 1 With the exceptions of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Northwest Territories all territories and provinces increased in population from 2016 to 2021 In terms of percent change the fastest growing province or territory was Yukon with an increase of 12 1 between 2016 and 2021 followed by Prince Edward Island with 7 99 growth Generally provinces steadily grew in population along with Canada However some provinces such as Saskatchewan Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador experienced long periods of stagnation or population decline Ontario and Quebec were always the two most populous provinces in Canada with over 60 of the population at any given time The demographic importance of the West steadily grew over time while the importance of Atlantic Canada steadily slipped Canada s population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867 see List of population of Canada by year Contents 1 Population 2 Population growth rate 3 Demographic evolution 3 1 Historical population 3 2 Demographic weight of provinces and territories 4 See also 5 ReferencesPopulation EditPopulation Name 1 Population 2021 Census Growth 2016 21 Land area km2 Populationdensity per km2 House ofCommons seats Senate seatsTotal Proportion Total Proportion Total Proportion1 nbsp Ontario 14 223 942 38 45 5 8 908 699 33 15 2 121 35 8 24 22 86 2 nbsp Quebec 8 501 833 22 98 4 1 1 356 625 27 6 5 78 23 1 24 22 86 3 nbsp British Columbia 5 000 879 13 52 7 6 922 503 01 5 4 42 12 4 6 5 71 4 nbsp Alberta 4 262 635 11 52 4 8 640 330 46 6 7 34 10 1 6 5 71 5 nbsp Manitoba 1 342 153 3 63 5 8 552 370 99 2 3 14 4 1 6 5 71 6 nbsp Saskatchewan 1 132 505 3 06 3 4 588 243 54 2 0 14 4 1 6 5 71 7 nbsp Nova Scotia 969 383 2 62 5 0 52 942 27 18 4 11 3 3 10 9 52 8 nbsp New Brunswick 775 610 2 09 3 8 71 388 81 10 9 10 3 0 10 9 52 9 nbsp Newfoundland and Labrador 510 550 1 38 1 8 370 514 08 1 4 7 2 1 6 5 71 10 nbsp Prince Edward Island 154 331 0 42 8 0 5 686 03 27 2 4 1 2 4 3 81 11 nbsp Northwest Territories 41 070 0 11 1 7 1 143 793 86 0 04 1 0 3 1 0 95 12 nbsp Yukon 40 232 0 11 12 1 474 712 68 0 08 1 0 3 1 0 95 13 nbsp Nunavut 36 858 0 10 2 5 1 877 778 53 0 02 1 0 3 1 0 95 Total nbsp Canada 36 991 981 100 5 2 8 965 588 85 4 2 338 100 105 100 Population growth rate Edit nbsp Map of Canadian provinces and territories by population growth rate 2016 2021 lt 4 0 4 0 7 0 7 0 10 0 gt 10 0 population declineCurrent provinces and territories population growth rate are based on the Statistics Canada 2021 Census of Population 1 Rank Name 2021 Census 2016 Census Change1 nbsp Yukon 40 232 35 874 12 15 2 nbsp Prince Edward Island 154 331 142 907 7 99 3 nbsp British Columbia 5 000 879 4 648 055 7 59 4 nbsp Ontario 14 223 942 13 448 494 5 77 5 nbsp Manitoba 1 342 153 1 278 365 4 99 6 nbsp Nova Scotia 969 383 923 598 4 96 7 nbsp Alberta 4 262 635 4 067 175 4 81 8 nbsp Quebec 8 501 833 8 164 361 4 13 9 nbsp New Brunswick 775 610 747 101 3 82 10 nbsp Saskatchewan 1 132 505 1 098 352 3 11 11 nbsp Nunavut 36 858 35 944 2 54 12 nbsp Northwest Territories 41 070 41 786 1 71 13 nbsp Newfoundland and Labrador 510 550 519 716 1 76 Total nbsp Canada 36 991 981 35 151 728 5 24 Demographic evolution EditHistorical population Edit nbsp Ontario and Quebec have been the two most populated provinces since Confederation Further information List of Canadian provinces and territories by historical population The population of Canada increased every year since Confederation in 1867 2 The first national census of the country was taken in 1871 and it covered the four provinces which were part of Canada at the time 3 It recorded a population of 1 620 851 in Ontario 1 191 516 in Quebec 387 800 in Nova Scotia and 285 594 in New Brunswick 4 The population of each of these provinces continued to grow every year uninterrupted However their growth was slow in the late 19th century because there were few economic opportunities As a result many Canadians opted to emigrate in the United States for work 5 This phenomenon hit Quebec especially hard Approximately 900 000 Quebec residents French Canadian for the great majority left for the United States between 1840 and 1930 6 7 However Quebec s population losses to emigration during this period were largely offset by its natural population growth Indeed until the middle of the 20th century Quebec had a birth rate considerably higher than most of its contemporary industrialized societies 8 This period of high French Canadian population growth is nicknamed La Revanche des berceaux 9 nbsp Pamphlet advertising for immigration to Western Canada c 1910Population growth in the Northwest Territories and then the Western Provinces picked up when the Canadian government passed the Dominion Lands Act in 1872 to encourage the settlement of the Canadian Prairies and to help prevent the area from being claimed by the United States 10 The act gave a claimant 160 acres 65 ha for free the only cost to the farmer being a 10 administration fee Any male farmer who was at least 21 years of age and agreed to cultivate at least 40 acres 16 ha of the land and build a permanent dwelling on it within three years qualified 11 The population of the Canadian prairies grew rapidly in the last decade of the 19th century and the population of Saskatchewan quintupled from 91 000 in 1901 to 492 000 in 1911 12 The vast majority of these people were immigrants from Europe 11 Early counts of Northwest Territories population tend to exclude the Indigenous citizens of the nations whose countries comprised the territory such as the Dene of Denendeh or Inuit of Inuit Nunangat 4 The territory s population drops at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries are due to its reduction in size as Yukon then Saskatchewan and Alberta were carved out of its territory and the same with Nunavut a century later Yukon s population spike at the turn of the 20th century is due to the Klondike Gold Rush when an estimated 100 000 people tried to reach the Klondike goldfields between 1896 and 1899 of whom only around 30 000 to 40 000 eventually did 13 Generally provinces steadily grew in population along with Canada However some provinces experienced long periods of stagnation or population decline After peaking in 1891 Prince Edward Island s population started to decline every year until 1941 after which the province started growing again In Saskatchewan after a rapid population explosion at the beginning of the century that propelled the province to being the 3rd largest in the country its population declined during the Great Depression and its growth had been slow ever since From 1931 to 2016 Saskatchewan s population increased by only 19 2 well below the national average Newfoundland and Labrador on the other hand experienced slow but continuous growth until the 1990s when the cod fisheries collapsed and their population started to fall After the collapse of the Canadian birth rate most provinces now sustain their population with immigration from the developing world The number of new immigrants increases every year 14 Historical population growth by province territory 15 4 16 17 18 1 nbsp Ontario 19 nbsp Quebec 20 nbsp Nova Scotia 21 nbsp New Brunswick 22 Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues nbsp Manitoba 23 nbsp British Columbia 24 nbsp Prince Edward Island 25 nbsp Saskatchewan 26 Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues nbsp Alberta 27 nbsp Newfoundland amp Labrador 28 29 nbsp Northwest Territories 30 nbsp Yukon 31 Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues nbsp Nunavut 32 Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues Demographic weight of provinces and territories Edit nbsp Breakdown of Canada s population from the 2016 census by province territoryThe demographic weight of each province in Canada has always constituted a sensitive issue In 1840 the Durham Report recommended that Upper Canada now Ontario and Lower Canada now Quebec be united into one province The newly created Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was required to have equal representation from Canada East now Quebec and Canada West now Ontario 33 even though the population of Canada East was considerably larger In 1840 the population of Canada East was estimated at 670 000 while the population of Canada West was estimated to be 480 000 34 Lord Durham had not recommended this approach and had instead proposed that the representation should be based on the respective populations of the two regions 35 The British government rejected that recommendation and instead implemented sectional equality apparently to give the English speaking population of the new province a dominant voice in the provincial government However the 1851 census revealed that Canada West s population had surpassed Canada East s This fact fuelled demands in Canada West for the end of sectional equality and the move toward allocating seats in the legislation on the basis of population nicknamed rep by pop This was a hotly contested issue at the constitutional conferences leading up to confederation and the colonies reached a comprise in which the seats in the federal lower house House of commons would be allocated by population and the seats in the federal upper house Senate would be allocated on the basis of three defined regions Ontario Quebec and the Maritimes that would each have 24 seats 36 Since Confederation Ontario and Quebec have always been Canada s two most populous provinces However their combined demographic weight decreased from over 80 at Confederation to just over 60 in 2016 The Atlantic provinces also lost importance within Canada from around 20 at Confederation to under 7 today The West s importance however has only increased from insignificant levels in 1871 to over 30 of the country in 2016 In the first half of the 20th century the most populous western province was Saskatchewan but its population was later eclipsed by British Columbia Alberta and Manitoba 4 37 The issue of the demographic weight of each province came up during the negotiations for the Patriation of the Constitution and especially discussions around the amending formula of the constitution The final formula stipulates that minor changes to the constitution had to be approved by the Parliament of Canada and the Legislature of 6 provinces representing at least 50 of the Canadian population This essentially meant that either Ontario or Quebec had to agree to any constitutional amendments that affect all provinces 38 Quebec had managed to maintain a stable demographic weight within Canada during the first half of the 20th century due to its high birth rate However their importance began to slip as their birth rate started to fall in the 1960s 39 Quebec wanted to make it up through immigration and for this purpose created its Ministry of Immigration in 1968 and negotiated for increased powers in this field with the federal government However new immigrants to Canada disproportionally go the Ontario British Columbia and Alberta fuelling their rise in demographic weight 40 In response a Canada Quebec Accord was concluded in 1991 which among other things guaranteed Quebec an immigration rate proportional to its demographic weight in Canada 41 This provision was not fulfilled as in 2005 immigration to Quebec represented only 16 5 of all immigration to Canada 42 Quebec also attempted to maintain its weight within the Canadian House of Commons during the constitutional negotiations of the early 1990s Under the Charlottetown Accord in exchange for Quebec losing Senate seats under a Triple E Senate dropping from 24 to 6 Quebec was guaranteed never to be allotted less than 25 of the seats in the House of Commons The Accord was ultimately defeated in a public referendum 43 Provinces Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland amp Labrador Northwest Territories Nova Scotia Nunavut Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan YukonHistorical demographic weight of provinces and territoriesGraphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues See also EditBC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU nbsp Population centres by provinces and territories nbsp Canada portal Population of Canada List of Canadian provinces and territories by historical population List of the largest cities and towns in Canada by area List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population List of the largest population centres in Canada List of largest Canadian cities by census Interprovincial migration in CanadaReferences Edit a b c d Population and dwelling counts Canada provinces and territories Statistics Canada February 9 2022 Retrieved February 9 2022 Estimated population of Canada 1605 to present Statistics Canada 2009 Retrieved 16 April 2010 History of the Census of Canada Statistics Canada 2006 Retrieved 22 June 2010 a b c d Series A2 14 Population of Canada by province census dates 1851 to 1976 Emigration The Canadian Encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Retrieved 2020 03 30 Belanger Damien Claude 23 August 2000 French Canadian Emigration to the United States 1840 1930 Quebec History Claude Belanger Marianopolis College Archived from the original on 25 January 2007 Retrieved 2007 01 31 Belanger Claude Emigration to the United States from Canada and Quebec 1840 1940 Quebec History Marianopolis College Retrieved 24 July 2013 Quebec denatalite et immigration www axl cefan ulaval ca Retrieved 2020 03 30 Colombo s Canadian References Oxford University Press 1976 p 444 Lambrecht Kirk N 1991 The Administration of Dominion Lands 1870 1930 a b Dominion Lands Act The Canadian Encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Retrieved 2018 12 27 The history of Saskatchewan s population Archived 2006 05 19 at the Wayback Machine from Statistics Canada Berton Pierre 2001 Klondike The Last Great Gold Rush 1896 1899 Rev ed Toronto Anchor Canada p 396 ISBN 0 385 65844 3 OCLC 46661521 Canada Expected To Take In More Than One Million New Immigrants Between 2020 2022 Link Newspaper 21 March 2020 Retrieved 2020 03 30 Belshaw John Douglas 2015 10 2 Demographics Canadian History Pre Confederation BCCampus 2006 Community Profiles 2006 Canada Census Statistics Canada 2006 2011 Census Profiles Statistics Canada 2011 2016 Census profiles Statistics Canada 2016 Population urban and rural by province and territory Ontario 2008 05 01 Archived from the original on 2008 04 10 Retrieved 2020 03 30 Population urban and rural by province and territory Quebec 2008 05 01 Archived from the original on 2008 05 01 Retrieved 2020 03 30 Population urban and rural by province and territory Nova Scotia 2008 05 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