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Monastery Saint Claire (Nazareth)

April 10, 2024

The Monastery Saint Claire (French: Monastère Sainte-Claire; Hebrew: נזירות סנט קליר, Nazirot Sanat Qlīr; Arabic: راهبات القدیصة کلارا, Rāhibāt al-Qudīṣah Klārā), also known as the Convent of Mary's Fear and by other names, is a convent of the Poor Clares on Tremor Hill in southern Nazareth, Israel. Established in 1884, it is primarily known for the productive time the now-sainted Charles de Foucauld spent there at the end of the 19th century. Expelled from the Ottoman Empire at the onset of World War I, the nuns of the abbey relocated to Malta, founding a new community there. The Sisters of St Clare returned to Nazareth in 1949 but used newer facilities on 3105 Street on the north slope of Tremor Hill. Their former location beside what is now Paulus HaShishi (Pope Paul VI) Street was repaired by the Servants of Charity for use as a special needs school in the 1970s.

The exterior of the chapel of the Sisters of St Clare in present-day Nazareth

Names edit

 
The interior of the chapel

From its position on Tremor Hill (Hebrew: גבעת הרעידה, Givʿat HaRʿida), the monastery is sometimes known as the Convent of Mary's Fear.[1] Formally known to the Vatican as the Monastery Saint Claire (French: Monastère Sainte-Claire;[2] Italian: Monastero S. Chiara),[3] it is also variously referenced in formal and informal sources as the Monastery of St. Clare of Nazareth[4][5] (Monastère de Ste Claire de Nazareth),[6][7] the Clarissan Monastery (Monastère des Clarisses;[8] Monastero delle Clarisse di Nazaret),[3] Poor Clare's[9] or Poor Claire's Convent,[8] and the Chapel of Poor Clares.[10]

Legends edit

 
The Madonna and Child statue at the convent

Christian legend considered the nearby Mount Qedumim ("Mount Precipice") to have been the site of one of Jesus's rejections by the Jewish community of his time.[11] After he expounded on Isaiah, the Jews of Nazareth supposedly took him to the steep cliff to throw him off when he disappeared from within their midst.[11][12] In local folklore related to the story, the mob was said to have returned to Nazareth from the mountain and passed near the terrified Mary, who was miraculously sheltered from their view by a rock which took her shape. This rock was exhibited to pilgrims during the Crusader period.[13] The site was thereafter known as Tremor Hill.

The Visitation of Elizabeth by Mary is usually associated with locations closer to Jerusalem such as Ein Karem and Hebron but were sometimes placed on this same hill during the Middle Ages.[11][13] Elizabeth's husband Zechariah was a priest. The accounts of his service in the New Testament are usually placed at Herod's Temple in Jerusalem but a Byzantine chapel on or near Tremor Hill claimed that he had performed his office in a synagogue at Nazareth and exhibited an altar supposed to be the place where he had been visited by the archangel Gabriel.[11][13][14] 13th century sources differ, though, as to whether it was run by the Greeks or Armenians.[13]

History edit

 
A sketch of the original convent—now the Holy Family School—by St Charles de Foucauld, showing the empty grounds used for the present-day convent and the ruined chapel of Our Lady of the Fright atop Tremor Hill behind it

Catholic holdings in Ottoman Palestine had been limited from 1551 until their establishment as a millet in 1831.[15] The Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem was reestablished in 1847, and French involvement in support of the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War in the 1850s further improved relations.[15] During this period, the French Empire frequently supported related Catholic institutions abroad as a way of expanding its local influence.[15] The Nazarene convent of the Order of Saint Clare was first established by a group of 16 nuns from the Clarissan community at Paray-le-Monial, France,[16] in 1884,[2][17] four years before its sister convent in Jerusalem.[5] Its first abbess was Elizabeth of Calvary (French: Élisabeth du Calvaire,[16] Italian: Elisabetta del Calvario).[3]

St Charles de Foucauld worked at the convent from 1897,[18] living in a small wooden lean-to separate from the nuns' dormitory and previously used only for spare lumber storage.[10] Hearing of "a servant who dressed like a tramp, spoke and wrote as a man of learning, and prayed like a saint", Elizabeth of Calvary—now the abbess of the Jerusalem convent[7]—had him visit in 1888 and thereafter he divided his time between the two communities before returning to France in 1900.[19] It was during this period in Nazareth that De Foucauld studied for the priesthood and produced most of his spiritual writings.[20] There is now a small museum on the grounds of the monastery to accommodate interested pilgrims, housing some of the artifacts from his time at the convent.[21]

  •  
    Another sketch of the original convent by St Charles
  •  
    St Charles just after returning to Europe in 1900
  •  
    A 1906 map of Nazareth showing the original Nunnery of the Clarissines
  •  
    1930s map
  •  
    1940s map

At the outbreak of World War I, the French nuns of the convent were deported from the Ottoman Empire, the two countries being parts of opposing alliances. The nuns of Nazareth moved to a convent on Malta,[22] while those in Jerusalem moved to Egypt.[5] The Maltese community was first established at Żabbar before moving to St Julian's in 1920.[22]

The Nazarene convent reopened in 1949,[18] the year of the establishment of modern Israel. It was not reestablished at its former ruined location[23] on the main road to Haifa, however, but on the monastery grounds about a third of a kilometer (1⁄5 mile) further south at the foot of Tremor Hill. It is now usually overseen by a Franciscan priest selected by the Latin Patriarch in addition to its own abbess.[21] In 1974, the Guanelliano Ugo Sensi selected the former convent as the site for a new special education school. After repairs and refurbishing, the Holy Family School opened its doors to its first four students a year later in 1975; it now cares for over 170 learning disabled students between the ages of 4 and 21.[23]

The three elderly sisters from Abidjan, Ivory Coast, who cared for the Clarissan monastery from around 1999[6] were supplemented by eight from Zacatecas, Mexico, in 2015.[21] The Poor Clares of Nazareth now speak French and Spanish to one another, English to visitors, Arabic to neighbors, Hebrew for government purposes, and Italian for their daily services with the town's Franciscan brothers[21] at the nearby Church of the Annunciation supposedly built on the site of Mary's former home.[24] The nuns are chiefly concerned with prayer and religious life but also play volleyball, make olive rosaries, and dry local flowers for inclusion in cards sold to pilgrims.[21]

Our Lady of the Fright edit

 
The ruins of Our Lady of the Fright

The grounds of the convent include the former site of a Franciscan chapel built around 1875 and demolished in 1969.[25] As recorded by Alfonso Mangialardo da Trani in 1905, it was about 7 by 14.5 meters (23 ft × 48 ft), with 1.2-meter (3.9 ft) thick walls and a 3.2-meter (10 ft) semi-circular apse ending in a chevet to the east.[25] The apse offered additional rooms extending north and south.[25]

It had been constructed on the foundation of an earlier Catholic chapel dating to the Crusader era[13] which had fallen into ruins by the 17th century.[25] This earlier chapel had probably been dedicated to St Mary of the Fear (Italian: Santa Maria della Paura; Latin: Sancta Maria de Timor), although Boniface of Ragusa attributed it to St Anne.[13] The Byzantine chapel of St Zachariah may have preceded it at the same location or been located nearby.[13]

See also edit

References edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monastery Saint Claire, Nazareth, andOur Lady of the Fright.

Citations edit

  1. ^ Samuel (1969), p. 110.
  2. ^ a b Di Montezemolo et al. (1997), pp. 530–1.
  3. ^ a b c Bosco (2016), p. 1.
  4. ^ Custody (2011).
  5. ^ a b c Open Jerusalem (2018).
  6. ^ a b Giraud (2014).
  7. ^ a b Bosco (2016), p. 2.
  8. ^ a b Custody (2022).
  9. ^ Custody (2022), Monasteries in Israel.
  10. ^ a b Lechmere (1934), p. 85.
  11. ^ a b c d Pringle (2016), p. 138.
  12. ^ Luke 4:16–30
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Pringle (1993), p. 144.
  14. ^ Luke 1:1–28.
  15. ^ a b c Frantzman et al. (2014), p. 376.
  16. ^ a b Patton (2017).
  17. ^ Bosco (2022).
  18. ^ a b Le Priol (2016).
  19. ^ Lechmere (1934), p. 86.
  20. ^ Shapiro (1981), p. 133.
  21. ^ a b c d e Morlet (2015).
  22. ^ a b Archdiocese of Malta (2022).
  23. ^ a b Holy Family School (2022).
  24. ^ Peters (2022).
  25. ^ a b c d Pringle (1993), p. 145.

Bibliography edit

  • "St. Clara's Monastery", Official site, Floriana: Archdiocese of Malta, 2022.
  • "A Conference Organized by the Council for Ongoing Formation of the Custody of the Holy Land", Official site, Jerusalem: Custodia Terrae Sanctae, 24 October 2011.
  • "Nazareth—Poor Claire's Convent", Official site, Jerusalem: Custodia Terrae Sanctae, 2022.
  • Scuola Sacra Famiglia – Nazareth (in Italian), Nazareth: Don Guanella Family, 2022.
  • "Nazareth: Nouvelles Clarisses Mexicaines au Monastère [Nazareth: New Mexican Clarists at the Monstery]", La Tribune de Terre Sainte [The Holy Land Tribune] (in French), Paris: Paul Giraud, 18 February 2014.
  • Archival Institution: Monastery of St. Clare of Jerusalem (MSCJ), Jerusalem: Open Jerusalem, September 2018.
  • Bosco, Mariachiara (April 2016), "'Abbiamo in Casa un Santo!' Charles de Foucauld Presso le Clarisse di Gerusalemme" (PDF), Forma Sororum: Rivista delle Clarisse d'Italia, Sta. Maria degli Angeli: Order of St. Clare. (Italian)
  • Bosco, Mariachiara (2022), "Poor Clares", Official site, Jerusalem: Custodia Terrae Sanctae.
  • Di Montezemolo, Andrea C.L.; et al. (10 November 1997), "Agreement between the Holy See and the State of Israel... Annex II", Acts of Pope John Paul II (PDF), Rome: Vatican Publishing House, pp. 513–542.
  • Frantzman, Seth J.; et al. (May 2014), "The Catholic Church in Palestine/Israel: Real Estate in "Terra Sancta"", Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 50, no. 30, London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 370–396.
  • Lechmere, Joscelyne (February 1934), "An Apostle of the Sahara: Pere Charles de Jesus (Vicomte de Foucauld)", The Irish Monthly, vol. 62, no. 728, Dublin: Irish Jesuit Provincialate, pp. 82–90.
  • Le Priol, Me/line/e (3 December 2016), "Heirs of Charles de Foucauld in the Holy Land", La Croix International, Paris: Bayard Press.
  • Morlet, Hélène (5 March 2015), "'Where There Is a Franciscan There Is a Poor Clare...'", Official site, Jerusalem: Custodia Terrae Sanctae.
  • Patton, Francesco (2017), "Le Clarisse in Oriente" (PDF), Clarisse in Terra Santa, Jerusalem: Monastery St. Claire. (Italian)
  • Peters, Danielle (2022), "Holy Land during Mary's Life", All about Mary, Dayton: University of Dayton.
  • Pringle, Denys (1993), The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, vol. 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Pringle, Denys (2016), Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291, Milton Park: Taylor & Francis, ISBN 9781317080862.
  • Samuel, Rinna (1969), Israel and the Holy Land, New York: Golden Press.
  • Shapiro, Judith (January 1981), "Ideologies of Catholic Missionary Practice in a Postcolonial Era", Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 23, no. 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 130–149.

32°41′45″N 35°17′41″E / 32.69583°N 35.29472°E / 32.69583; 35.29472

April 10, 2024
monastery, saint, claire, nazareth, monastery, saint, claire, french, monastère, sainte, claire, hebrew, נזירות, סנט, קליר, nazirot, sanat, qlīr, arabic, راهبات, القدیصة, کلارا, rāhibāt, qudīṣah, klārā, also, known, convent, mary, fear, other, names, convent, . The Monastery Saint Claire French Monastere Sainte Claire Hebrew נזירות סנט קליר Nazirot Sanat Qlir Arabic راهبات القدیصة کلارا Rahibat al Qudiṣah Klara also known as the Convent of Mary s Fear and by other names is a convent of the Poor Clares on Tremor Hill in southern Nazareth Israel Established in 1884 it is primarily known for the productive time the now sainted Charles de Foucauld spent there at the end of the 19th century Expelled from the Ottoman Empire at the onset of World War I the nuns of the abbey relocated to Malta founding a new community there The Sisters of St Clare returned to Nazareth in 1949 but used newer facilities on 3105 Street on the north slope of Tremor Hill Their former location beside what is now Paulus HaShishi Pope Paul VI Street was repaired by the Servants of Charity for use as a special needs school in the 1970s The exterior of the chapel of the Sisters of St Clare in present day Nazareth Contents 1 Names 2 Legends 3 History 4 Our Lady of the Fright 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Citations 6 2 BibliographyNames edit nbsp The interior of the chapelFrom its position on Tremor Hill Hebrew גבעת הרעידה Givʿat HaRʿida the monastery is sometimes known as the Convent of Mary s Fear 1 Formally known to the Vatican as the Monastery Saint Claire French Monastere Sainte Claire 2 Italian Monastero S Chiara 3 it is also variously referenced in formal and informal sources as the Monastery of St Clare of Nazareth 4 5 Monastere de Ste Claire de Nazareth 6 7 the Clarissan Monastery Monastere des Clarisses 8 Monastero delle Clarisse di Nazaret 3 Poor Clare s 9 or Poor Claire s Convent 8 and the Chapel of Poor Clares 10 Legends edit nbsp The Madonna and Child statue at the conventChristian legend considered the nearby Mount Qedumim Mount Precipice to have been the site of one of Jesus s rejections by the Jewish community of his time 11 After he expounded on Isaiah the Jews of Nazareth supposedly took him to the steep cliff to throw him off when he disappeared from within their midst 11 12 In local folklore related to the story the mob was said to have returned to Nazareth from the mountain and passed near the terrified Mary who was miraculously sheltered from their view by a rock which took her shape This rock was exhibited to pilgrims during the Crusader period 13 The site was thereafter known as Tremor Hill The Visitation of Elizabeth by Mary is usually associated with locations closer to Jerusalem such as Ein Karem and Hebron but were sometimes placed on this same hill during the Middle Ages 11 13 Elizabeth s husband Zechariah was a priest The accounts of his service in the New Testament are usually placed at Herod s Temple in Jerusalem but a Byzantine chapel on or near Tremor Hill claimed that he had performed his office in a synagogue at Nazareth and exhibited an altar supposed to be the place where he had been visited by the archangel Gabriel 11 13 14 13th century sources differ though as to whether it was run by the Greeks or Armenians 13 History edit nbsp A sketch of the original convent now the Holy Family School by St Charles de Foucauld showing the empty grounds used for the present day convent and the ruined chapel of Our Lady of the Fright atop Tremor Hill behind itCatholic holdings in Ottoman Palestine had been limited from 1551 until their establishment as a millet in 1831 15 The Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem was reestablished in 1847 and French involvement in support of the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War in the 1850s further improved relations 15 During this period the French Empire frequently supported related Catholic institutions abroad as a way of expanding its local influence 15 The Nazarene convent of the Order of Saint Clare was first established by a group of 16 nuns from the Clarissan community at Paray le Monial France 16 in 1884 2 17 four years before its sister convent in Jerusalem 5 Its first abbess was Elizabeth of Calvary French Elisabeth du Calvaire 16 Italian Elisabetta del Calvario 3 St Charles de Foucauld worked at the convent from 1897 18 living in a small wooden lean to separate from the nuns dormitory and previously used only for spare lumber storage 10 Hearing of a servant who dressed like a tramp spoke and wrote as a man of learning and prayed like a saint Elizabeth of Calvary now the abbess of the Jerusalem convent 7 had him visit in 1888 and thereafter he divided his time between the two communities before returning to France in 1900 19 It was during this period in Nazareth that De Foucauld studied for the priesthood and produced most of his spiritual writings 20 There is now a small museum on the grounds of the monastery to accommodate interested pilgrims housing some of the artifacts from his time at the convent 21 nbsp Another sketch of the original convent by St Charles nbsp St Charles just after returning to Europe in 1900 nbsp A 1906 map of Nazareth showing the original Nunnery of the Clarissines nbsp 1930s map nbsp 1940s mapAt the outbreak of World War I the French nuns of the convent were deported from the Ottoman Empire the two countries being parts of opposing alliances The nuns of Nazareth moved to a convent on Malta 22 while those in Jerusalem moved to Egypt 5 The Maltese community was first established at Zabbar before moving to St Julian s in 1920 22 The Nazarene convent reopened in 1949 18 the year of the establishment of modern Israel It was not reestablished at its former ruined location 23 on the main road to Haifa however but on the monastery grounds about a third of a kilometer 1 5 mile further south at the foot of Tremor Hill It is now usually overseen by a Franciscan priest selected by the Latin Patriarch in addition to its own abbess 21 In 1974 the Guanelliano Ugo Sensi selected the former convent as the site for a new special education school After repairs and refurbishing the Holy Family School opened its doors to its first four students a year later in 1975 it now cares for over 170 learning disabled students between the ages of 4 and 21 23 The three elderly sisters from Abidjan Ivory Coast who cared for the Clarissan monastery from around 1999 6 were supplemented by eight from Zacatecas Mexico in 2015 21 The Poor Clares of Nazareth now speak French and Spanish to one another English to visitors Arabic to neighbors Hebrew for government purposes and Italian for their daily services with the town s Franciscan brothers 21 at the nearby Church of the Annunciation supposedly built on the site of Mary s former home 24 The nuns are chiefly concerned with prayer and religious life but also play volleyball make olive rosaries and dry local flowers for inclusion in cards sold to pilgrims 21 Our Lady of the Fright edit nbsp The ruins of Our Lady of the FrightThe grounds of the convent include the former site of a Franciscan chapel built around 1875 and demolished in 1969 25 As recorded by Alfonso Mangialardo da Trani in 1905 it was about 7 by 14 5 meters 23 ft 48 ft with 1 2 meter 3 9 ft thick walls and a 3 2 meter 10 ft semi circular apse ending in a chevet to the east 25 The apse offered additional rooms extending north and south 25 It had been constructed on the foundation of an earlier Catholic chapel dating to the Crusader era 13 which had fallen into ruins by the 17th century 25 This earlier chapel had probably been dedicated to St Mary of the Fear Italian Santa Maria della Paura Latin Sancta Maria de Timor although Boniface of Ragusa attributed it to St Anne 13 The Byzantine chapel of St Zachariah may have preceded it at the same location or been located nearby 13 See also editClare of Assisi Poor Clares Charles de Foucauld Servants of CharityReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to wbr Monastery Saint Claire Nazareth and wbr Our Lady of the Fright Citations edit Samuel 1969 p 110 a b Di Montezemolo et al 1997 pp 530 1 a b c Bosco 2016 p 1 Custody 2011 a b c Open Jerusalem 2018 a b Giraud 2014 a b Bosco 2016 p 2 a b Custody 2022 Custody 2022 Monasteries in Israel a b Lechmere 1934 p 85 a b c d Pringle 2016 p 138 Luke 4 16 30 a b c d e f g Pringle 1993 p 144 Luke 1 1 28 a b c Frantzman et al 2014 p 376 a b Patton 2017 Bosco 2022 a b Le Priol 2016 Lechmere 1934 p 86 Shapiro 1981 p 133 a b c d e Morlet 2015 a b Archdiocese of Malta 2022 a b Holy Family School 2022 Peters 2022 a b c d Pringle 1993 p 145 Bibliography edit St Clara s Monastery Official site Floriana Archdiocese of Malta 2022 A Conference Organized by the Council for Ongoing Formation of the Custody of the Holy Land Official site Jerusalem Custodia Terrae Sanctae 24 October 2011 Nazareth Poor Claire s Convent Official site Jerusalem Custodia Terrae Sanctae 2022 Scuola Sacra Famiglia Nazareth in Italian Nazareth Don Guanella Family 2022 Nazareth Nouvelles Clarisses Mexicaines au Monastere Nazareth New Mexican Clarists at the Monstery La Tribune de Terre Sainte The Holy Land Tribune in French Paris Paul Giraud 18 February 2014 Archival Institution Monastery of St Clare of Jerusalem MSCJ Jerusalem Open Jerusalem September 2018 Bosco Mariachiara April 2016 Abbiamo in Casa un Santo Charles de Foucauld Presso le Clarisse di Gerusalemme PDF Forma Sororum Rivista delle Clarisse d Italia Sta Maria degli Angeli Order of St Clare Italian Bosco Mariachiara 2022 Poor Clares Official site Jerusalem Custodia Terrae Sanctae Di Montezemolo Andrea C L et al 10 November 1997 Agreement between the Holy See and the State of Israel Annex II Acts of Pope John Paul II PDF Rome Vatican Publishing House pp 513 542 Frantzman Seth J et al May 2014 The Catholic Church in Palestine Israel Real Estate in Terra Sancta Middle Eastern Studies vol 50 no 30 London Taylor amp Francis pp 370 396 Lechmere Joscelyne February 1934 An Apostle of the Sahara Pere Charles de Jesus Vicomte de Foucauld The Irish Monthly vol 62 no 728 Dublin Irish Jesuit Provincialate pp 82 90 Le Priol Me line e 3 December 2016 Heirs of Charles de Foucauld in the Holy Land La Croix International Paris Bayard Press Morlet Helene 5 March 2015 Where There Is a Franciscan There Is a Poor Clare Official site Jerusalem Custodia Terrae Sanctae Patton Francesco 2017 Le Clarisse in Oriente PDF Clarisse in Terra Santa Jerusalem Monastery St Claire Italian Peters Danielle 2022 Holy Land during Mary s Life All about Mary Dayton University of Dayton Pringle Denys 1993 The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem vol 2 Cambridge Cambridge University Press Pringle Denys 2016 Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land 1187 1291 Milton Park Taylor amp Francis ISBN 9781317080862 Samuel Rinna 1969 Israel and the Holy Land New York Golden Press Shapiro Judith January 1981 Ideologies of Catholic Missionary Practice in a Postcolonial Era Comparative Studies in Society and History vol 23 no 1 Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 130 149 32 41 45 N 35 17 41 E 32 69583 N 35 29472 E 32 69583 35 29472 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Monastery Saint Claire Nazareth amp oldid 1189551525, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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