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The official name of those formations were: Armia Polska w ZSRR (Polish Army in the USSR) from 1943 to 1944, Wojsko Polskie (Polish Troops) and Siły Zbrojne Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej (Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland) from 1944 to 1952 and from 1952 Siły Zbrojne Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej (Armed Forces of the Polish People's Republic). On 7 October 1950, the anniversary of the Battle of Lenino was declared the official "Day of the Polish People's Army" by the authorities of the People's Republic.
What became the LWP was formed during World War II, in May 1943, as the 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division, which developed into the First Polish Army, unofficially known as Berling's Army. Because of the shortage of Polish officers and the policies of the Soviet Union, in March 1945 Soviet Red Army officers accounted for nearly 52% of the officer corps (15,492 out of 29,372). Around 4,600 of them remained in the LWP by July 1946.[2]
It was not the only Polish formation that fought on the Allied side, nor the first one formed in the East. The earlier Polish force formed in the Soviet Union, known as Anders' Army, was loyal to the Polish government-in-exile and by that time had moved to Iran. The communist-led Polish forces soon grew beyond the 1st Division into two major commands – the First Polish Army (initially under Zygmunt Berling) and the Second Polish Army (commanded by Karol Świerczewski). The First Polish Army participated in the Vistula–Oder Offensive, the Battle of Kolberg and the final Battle of Berlin.[1]
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the Polish Army was under the command of Marshal of the Soviet Union, Marshal of Poland and Minister of Defense of Poland Konstantin Rokossovsky. It was increasingly integrated into Soviet military structure and organization. This process was mitigated in the aftermath of the Polish October of 1956, when Władysław Gomułka formalized aspects of Poland's military relationship with the Soviet Union.[3] The Sovietization of the armed forces structure was phased out altogether and thus the combat and service support structures were integrated once more into regular combat formations following the old Polish model.
In 1949, the first fundamental uniform reform after the war was made.[4] The "Dress Rules for the Soldiers of the Polish Army" were introduced and were to apply from January 1, 1951.
In the Polish People's Army, a soft field cap modeled on the pre-war one was introduced. After the war, the pre-war garrison caps were used again. Stiffened caps were only worn until around 1950 when they were completely replaced by round caps. In 1982, the Polish Rogatywka, modeled on the pattern from 1935, were restored in the Polish Army's Representative Company.[5]
Chaplaincyedit
Throughout the entire period of the existence of the Polish People's Army, its officers and soldiers were provided with pastoral care. Such a service was provided by the General Dean's Office of the Polish Army.[6]
In the 1980s, the Polish People's Republic had 4 military academies and 11 higher officers' schools, which trained auxiliary corpsmen and corresponded in rank to higher educational institutions. In 1954, judo instructors from the Warsaw and Kraków institutes of physical culture, participated in the training program for border guards and military personnel of the airborne units of the Polish army.[7]
^ abPopularna Encyklopedia Powszechna Wydawnictwa Fogra (2016). "Pierwsza Armia Wojska Polskiego". Encyklopedia WIEM. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Kałużny, Ryszard (2007). "Oficerowie Armii Radzieckiej w wojskach lądowych w Polsce 1945-1956". Zeszyty Naukowe WSOWL (in Polish). AWL. Nr 2 (2): 86–87. ISSN 1731-8157.
^Jerzy Eisler, Siedmiu wspaniałych poczet pierwszych sekretarzy KC PZPR [The Magnificent Seven: First Secretaries of KC PZPR], Wydawnictwo Czerwone i Czarne, Warszawa 2014, ISBN978-83-7700-042-7, pp. 214–215
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For other uses see Polish People s Army disambiguation For the current military of Poland see Polish Armed Forces Not to be confused with Home Army This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Polish People s Army news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Polish August 2021 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Polish article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 410 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Wikipedia article at pl Ludowe Wojsko Polskie see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated pl Ludowe Wojsko Polskie to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Learn how and when to remove this template message The Polish People s Army Polish Ludowe Wojsko Polskie pronounced luˈdɔvɛ ˈvɔjskɔ ˈpɔlskʲɛ LWP 1 constituted the second formation of the Polish Armed Forces in the East in 1943 1945 and in 1945 1989 the armed forces of the Polish communist state from 1952 the Polish People s Republic ruled by the Polish Workers Party and then the Polish United Workers Party The communist led Polish armed forces allowed and facilitated by Joseph Stalin were the result of efforts made in the early 1940s in the Soviet Union by Wanda Wasilewska and Zygmunt Berling Polish People s ArmyLudowe Wojsko PolskieEmblem worn by LWP soldiersActiveMay 1943 December 1989CountryPolish People s Republic 1947 1989 AllegiancePolish People s RepublicBranchAir Force of the Polish Army 1943 1947 Polish Air Force 1947 1989 Polish Air Defence Force 1962 1989 Polish Land ForcesPolish NavySize200 000 1945 HeadquartersSeltsy Russian SFSR 1943 1945 Warsaw Poland 1945 1989 PatronTadeusz KosciuszkoEngagementsWorld War II Eastern Front Battle of Lenino Operation Bagration Lublin Brest Offensive Warsaw Uprising Battle of Studzianki Vistula Oder Offensive Battle of Poznan East Pomeranian Offensive Battle of Kolberg Battle of Berlin Battle of the Seelow Heights Battle of Bautzen Prague OffensiveAftermath of World War II Anti Communist Insurgency Guerilla War in Ukraine Czechoslovak Border ConflictsInvasion of CzechoslovakiaBattle honoursFor Warsaw For Battle of BerlinCommandersFirst SecretaryMieczyslaw Rakowski last Prime MinisterTadeusz Mazowiecki last Minister of National DefenceFlorian Siwicki last Chief of the General StaffJozef Uzycki last The official name of those formations were Armia Polska w ZSRR Polish Army in the USSR from 1943 to 1944 Wojsko Polskie Polish Troops and Sily Zbrojne Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland from 1944 to 1952 and from 1952 Sily Zbrojne Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej Armed Forces of the Polish People s Republic On 7 October 1950 the anniversary of the Battle of Lenino was declared the official Day of the Polish People s Army by the authorities of the People s Republic Contents 1 History 1 1 World War II 1 2 Immediate post war years 1 3 Cold War 2 Characteristics 2 1 Uniform 2 2 Chaplaincy 2 3 Training 3 Engagements 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory editWorld War II edit Main article Polish Armed Forces in the East nbsp Polish troops 1943What became the LWP was formed during World War II in May 1943 as the 1st Tadeusz Kosciuszko Infantry Division which developed into the First Polish Army unofficially known as Berling s Army Because of the shortage of Polish officers and the policies of the Soviet Union in March 1945 Soviet Red Army officers accounted for nearly 52 of the officer corps 15 492 out of 29 372 Around 4 600 of them remained in the LWP by July 1946 2 It was not the only Polish formation that fought on the Allied side nor the first one formed in the East The earlier Polish force formed in the Soviet Union known as Anders Army was loyal to the Polish government in exile and by that time had moved to Iran The communist led Polish forces soon grew beyond the 1st Division into two major commands the First Polish Army initially under Zygmunt Berling and the Second Polish Army commanded by Karol Swierczewski The First Polish Army participated in the Vistula Oder Offensive the Battle of Kolberg and the final Battle of Berlin 1 Immediate post war years edit nbsp The Polish First Army on their way to Berlin 1945 nbsp Polish flag raised on the top of Berlin Victory Column on 2 May 1945 nbsp T 55A tanks of the Polish People s Army Martial law in Poland After the war the Polish Army was reorganized into six later seven military districts These were the Warsaw Military District headquartered HQ in Warsaw the Lublin Military District HQ in Lublin the Krakow Military District HQ in Krakow the Lodz Military District HQ in Lodz the Poznan Military District HQ in Poznan the Pomeranian Military District HQ in Torun and the Silesian Military District HQ in Katowice citation needed In the late 1940s and early 1950s the Polish Army was under the command of Marshal of the Soviet Union Marshal of Poland and Minister of Defense of Poland Konstantin Rokossovsky It was increasingly integrated into Soviet military structure and organization This process was mitigated in the aftermath of the Polish October of 1956 when Wladyslaw Gomulka formalized aspects of Poland s military relationship with the Soviet Union 3 The Sovietization of the armed forces structure was phased out altogether and thus the combat and service support structures were integrated once more into regular combat formations following the old Polish model Cold War edit nbsp General Wojciech Jaruzelski in 1984An anti Zionist purge in the Polish Army took place in 1968 to systematically remove soldiers of Jewish origin following the Six Day War between Israel and Arab countries Characteristics editUniform edit In 1949 the first fundamental uniform reform after the war was made 4 The Dress Rules for the Soldiers of the Polish Army were introduced and were to apply from January 1 1951 In the Polish People s Army a soft field cap modeled on the pre war one was introduced After the war the pre war garrison caps were used again Stiffened caps were only worn until around 1950 when they were completely replaced by round caps In 1982 the Polish Rogatywka modeled on the pattern from 1935 were restored in the Polish Army s Representative Company 5 Chaplaincy edit Throughout the entire period of the existence of the Polish People s Army its officers and soldiers were provided with pastoral care Such a service was provided by the General Dean s Office of the Polish Army 6 Training edit See also Dzerzhinsky Political Military Academy in Warsaw In the 1980s the Polish People s Republic had 4 military academies and 11 higher officers schools which trained auxiliary corpsmen and corresponded in rank to higher educational institutions In 1954 judo instructors from the Warsaw and Krakow institutes of physical culture participated in the training program for border guards and military personnel of the airborne units of the Polish army 7 Engagements editBattle of Lenino 1943 Battle of Studzianki 1944 Vistula Oder offensive 1945 Battle of Kolberg 1945 Battle of Bautzen 1945 Battle of Berlin 1945 Anti communist resistance in Poland 1944 1946 Operation Vistula 1947 Poznan protests of 1956 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 1968 Polish protests of 1970 Pacification of Wujek 1981 Martial law in Poland 13 December 1981 22 July 1983 See also editAir Force of the Polish Army Polish Armed Forces Polish Armed Forces Second Polish Republic Main Directorate of Information of the Polish Army GZI WP Internal Military Service WSW Border Protection Troops WOP Polish Legions Napoleonic period Polish Military Organisation Armia Ludowa Gwardia Ludowa Polish forces in the West Polish forces in the East Anders Army First Polish Army 1944 1945 References edit a b Popularna Encyklopedia Powszechna Wydawnictwa Fogra 2016 Pierwsza Armia Wojska Polskiego Encyklopedia WIEM a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Kaluzny Ryszard 2007 Oficerowie Armii Radzieckiej w wojskach ladowych w Polsce 1945 1956 Zeszyty Naukowe WSOWL in Polish AWL Nr 2 2 86 87 ISSN 1731 8157 Jerzy Eisler Siedmiu wspanialych poczet pierwszych sekretarzy KC PZPR The Magnificent Seven First Secretaries of KC PZPR Wydawnictwo Czerwone i Czarne Warszawa 2014 ISBN 978 83 7700 042 7 pp 214 215 Dziennik rozkazow MON nr 4 z 1949 roku poz 30 Pulk Reprezentacyjny Wojska Polskiego Duszpasterstwo wojskowe w PRL sjerzy parafia info pl Retrieved 2017 09 04 Vlodzimezh Golembevskij Iz pod Fudziyamy na Vislu zhurnal Polsha 5 117 maj 1964 str 52 53External links editMaps showing the LWP positioning Personnel policy of the LWP in the post war period Portals nbsp Poland nbsp Soviet Union nbsp Communism Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Polish People 27s Army amp oldid 1203831765, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
