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Marshal of the Soviet Union

August 21, 2023

Marshal of the Soviet Union (Russian: Маршал Советского Союза, romanized: Marshal sovetskogo soyuza, pronounced [ˈmarʂəl sɐˈvʲetskəgə sɐˈjuzə]) was the highest military rank of the Soviet Union.

Marshal of the Soviet Union
Маршал Советского Союза
Uniform shoulder strap (1955–1990)
Country Soviet Union
Service branchRed Army (1922–1946)
Soviet Army (1946–1991)
RankGeneral officer
Formation22 September 1935
AbolishedDecember 1991
Next higher rankNone (Generalissimus)
Next lower rankChief marshal of the branch
General of the Army
Equivalent ranksAdmiral of the fleet of the Soviet Union
Rank insignias of Marshal of the Soviet Union
Gorget patch
1935–40
Gorget patch
1940–43
Sleeve chevron
1940–43
Shoulder board
1943–55
Peaked cap
1943–91

The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was created in 1935 and abolished in 1991 when the Soviet Union dissolved. Forty-one people held this rank. The equivalent naval rank was until 1955 admiral of the fleet and from 1955 Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.

While the supreme rank of Generalissimus of the Soviet Union, which would have been senior to Marshal of the Soviet Union, was proposed for Joseph Stalin after the Second World War, it was never officially approved.

History of the rank

See also: List of Field Marshals of the Russian Empire
 
The first five marshals of the Soviet Union from left to right: Tukhachevsky, Budyonny, Voroshilov, Blyukher, and Yegorov. Only Budyonny and Voroshilov would survive the Great Purge.

The military rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was established by a decree of the Soviet Cabinet, the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom), on 22 September 1935. On 20 November, the rank was conferred on five people: People's Commissar of Defence and veteran Bolshevik Kliment Voroshilov, Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army Alexander Yegorov, and three senior commanders, Vasily Blyukher, Semyon Budyonny, and Mikhail Tukhachevsky.

Of these, Blyukher, Tukhachevsky, and Yegorov were executed during Stalin's Great Purge of 1937–38. On 7 May 1940, three new Marshals were appointed: the new People's Commissar of Defence, Semyon Timoshenko, Boris Shaposhnikov, and Grigory Kulik.

During World War II, Kulik was demoted for incompetence, and the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was given to a number of military commanders who earned it on merit. These included Georgy Zhukov, Ivan Konev and Konstantin Rokossovsky to name a few. In 1943, Stalin himself was made a Marshal of the Soviet Union, and in 1945, he was joined by his intelligence and police chief Lavrenti Beria. These non-military Marshals were joined in 1947 by politician Nikolai Bulganin.

Two Marshals were executed in postwar purges: Kulik in 1950 and Beria in 1953, following Stalin's death. Thereafter the rank was awarded only to professional soldiers, with the exception of Leonid Brezhnev, who made himself a Marshal in 1976, and Dmitry Ustinov, who was prominent in the arms industry and was appointed Defence Minister in July 1976. The last Marshal of the Soviet Union was Dmitry Yazov, appointed in 1990, who was imprisoned after the failed coup against Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991. Marshal Sergei Akhromeev committed suicide in 1991 during the fall of the Soviet Union.

The Marshals fell into three generational groups.

  • Those who had gained their reputations during the Russian Civil War. These included both those who were purged in 1937–38 (Blyukher, Tukhachevsky, and Yegorov), and those who held high commands in the early years of World War II (Budyonny, Kulik, Shaposhnikov, Timoshenko and Voroshilov). All of the latter except Shaposhnikov and Timoshenko proved out-of-step with modern warfare and were removed from commanding positions.
  • Those who made their reputations in World War II and assumed high commands in the latter part of the war. These included Zhukov, Vasilievsky, Konev, Rokossovsky, Malinovsky, Tolbukhin, Govorov, and Meretskov.
  • Those who assumed high command in the Cold War era. All of these were officers in World War II, but their higher commands were held in the Warsaw Pact or as Soviet Defence Ministers. These included Sokolovsky, Grechko, Yakubovsky, Kulikov, Ogarkov, Akhromeev, and Yazov.

All Marshals in the third category had been officers in World War II, except Ustinov, who had been People's Commissar for Armaments. Even Yazov, who was 20 when the war ended, had been a platoon commander. Brezhnev was not a professional soldier, but was still commissioned as a political commissar in the war.

Of the 35 Marshals who were career soldiers, the majority were of Russian origin. Timoshenko (Tymoshenko), Kulik (Kulyk), Grechko (Hrechko), Yeremenko (Yeryomenko), Moskalenko, Batitsky (Batytsʹkyy) and Koshevoy (Koshovyy) were of Ukrainian origin, while Sokolovsky (Sakaloŭski) and Yakubovsky (Jakuboŭski) had Belarusian origins. Rokossovsky (Rokossowski) was born in Congress Poland to a Polish family, while Malinovsky (Malinowsky) was born in Odessa (now in Ukraine) to a Polish father. Tukhachevsky also had Polish ancestry. Bagramyan (Baghramyan) was the sole marshal of Armenian origin.

The rank was abolished with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. It was succeeded in the new Russia by the rank of Marshal of the Russian Federation, which has been held by only one person, Marshal Igor Sergeyev, who was Russian Defence Minister from 1997 to 2001.

After the death of Marshal Yazov in 2020 there were no living Marshals of the Soviet Union.

List of Marshals of the Soviet Union

List of Marshals of the Soviet Union
No. Name Photo Date of rank Positions held[a] Central
Committee
member 		Secretariat
member 		Politburo
member 		Years[b] Additional Notes[c]
1 Kliment Voroshilov   20 Nov 1935[1] Yes No Yes 34 (1881–1969)[d] People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, 1925–1934. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1956 and 1968; Hero of Socialist Labour, 1960.
2 Semyon Budyonny   20 Nov 1935   Yes No No 19 (1883–1973)[e] Retired, 1954. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1958, 1963 and 1968.
3 Alexander Yegorov   20 Nov 1935   Yes
(as candidate) 		No No 3 (1883–1939)[f][g] Stripped of rank, 1938. Posthumously rehabilitated.
4 Vasily Blyukher   20 Nov 1935   Yes
(as candidate) 		No No 3 (1889–1938)[f][h] Retroactively stripped of rank, 1939. Posthumously rehabilitated.
5 Mikhail Tukhachevsky   20 Nov 1935  
  • Technology and Armament Chief, Red Army/Deputy People's Commissar for War, 1931–1936.
  • First Deputy People's Commissar for Defence/Inspector of Military Training, 1936–1937.
  • Commander, Volga Military District, 1937.
 Yes
(as candidate) 		No No 2 (1893–1937)[f][i] Stripped of rank, 1937. Posthumously rehabilitated.
6 Semyon Timoshenko   7 May 1940   Yes No No 20 (1895–1970) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1960. Chairman, State Committee for War Veterans, 1961–1970. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1940 and 1965; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
7 Boris Shaposhnikov   7 May 1940   Yes
(as candidate) 		No No 5 (1882–1945) Died in office.
8 Grigory Kulik   7 May 1940  
  • Chief, Main Artillery Directorate, Red Army, 1937–1941.
  • Deputy Chief of the General Staff, 1939–1941.
  • Deputy People's Commissar for Defence, 1939–1942.
  • Stavka Representative to the Crimean Front, 1941–1942.
  • Head, Main Formation and Training Directorate, Red Army, 1941.
  • Commander, 54th Army, 1941.
 Yes No No 2 (1890–1950)[j] Demoted, 1942. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1940 (rescinded 1942). Posthumously rehabilitated.
9 Georgy Zhukov   18 Jan 1943   Yes No Yes 14 (1896–1974) Dismissed as minister of defence, 1957. Chief of the General Staff, 1941. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1940, 1944, 1945 and 1956; awarded Order of Victory, 1944 and 1945.
10 Aleksandr Vasilevsky   16 Feb 1943   Yes No No 16 (1895–1977) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1959. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1945; awarded Order of Victory, 1944 and 1945.
11 Joseph Stalin   6 Mar 1943[2] Yes Yes Yes 10 (1878–1953) Died in office. Promoted to generalissimus, 27 Jun 1945. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1945; Hero of Socialist Labour, 1939; awarded Order of Victory, 1944.
12 Ivan Konev   20 Feb 1944[3] Yes No No 18 (1897–1973) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1962. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1945; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
13 Leonid Govorov   18 Jun 1944   Yes
(as candidate) 		No No 11 (1897–1955) Died in office. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1945; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
14 Konstantin Rokossovsky   29 Jun 1944   Yes
(as candidate) 		No No 18 (1896–1968) Retired, 1962. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1945; awarded Order of Victory, 1945. Made Marshal of Poland, 1949. Candidate member, 22nd–23rd Central Committee, 1962–1968.
15 Rodion Malinovsky   10 Sep 1944   Yes No No 23 (1898–1967) Died in office. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1945 and 1958; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
16 Fyodor Tolbukhin   12 Sep 1944   No No No 5 (1894–1949) Died in office. Posthumously made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1965; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
17 Kirill Meretskov   26 Oct 1944   Yes
(as candidate) 		No No 20 (1897–1968) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1964. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1940; awarded Order of Victory, 1945.
18 Lavrentiy Beria   9 Jul 1945[4] Yes No Yes 8 (1899–1953)[k] Made Hero of Socialist Labour, 1943. Stripped of rank and executed, 1953.
19 Vasily Sokolovsky   3 Jul 1946   Yes No No 14 (1897–1968)[l] Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1960. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1945.
20 Nikolai Bulganin   3 Nov 1947[5] Yes No Yes 11 (1895–1975)[m] Chairman, Council of People's Commissars, Russian SFSR, 1937–1938. Made Hero of Socialist Labour, 1955. Stripped of rank, 1958.
21 Andrei Grechko   11 Mar 1955   Yes No Yes 21 (1903–1976) Died in office. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1958 and 1973.
22 Kirill Moskalenko   11 Mar 1955   Yes No No 28 (1902–1985) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1983. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1943 and 1978.
23 Vasily Chuikov   11 Mar 1955   Yes No No 17 (1900–1982) Retired, 1972. Commander-in-Chief, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 1949–1953. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1945.
24 Ivan Bagramyan   11 Mar 1955[6] Yes No No 13 (1897–1982) Retired, 1968. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1977. Last surviving Marshal of the Soviet Union to hold high command during World War II.
25 Sergey Biryuzov   11 Mar 1955   Yes No No 9 (1904–1964) Died in office. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1958.
26 Andrey Yeryomenko   11 Mar 1955   Yes
(as candidate) 		No No 3 (1892–1970) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1958. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944.
27 Matvei Zakharov   8 May 1959   Yes No No 12 (1898–1972) Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1945 and 1971. Director, Main Intelligence Directorate, 1949–1952.
28 Filipp Golikov   8 May 1961   Yes No No 1 (1900–1980) Relieved and appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1962. Director, Main Intelligence Directorate, 1940–1941.
29 Nikolay Krylov   28 Apr 1962   Yes No No 10 (1903–1972) Died in office. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, twice in 1945.
30 Ivan Yakubovsky   12 Apr 1967   Yes No No 9 (1912–1976) Died in office. Commander-in-Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, 1960–1961; 1962–1965. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, twice in 1944.
31 Pyotr Koshevoy   15 Apr 1968   Yes
(as candidate) 		No No 1 (1904–1976) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1969. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1944 and 1945.
32 Pavel Batitsky   15 Apr 1968[7] Yes No No 10 (1910–1984) Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1965.
33 Dmitry Ustinov   30 Jul 1976   Yes Yes Yes 8 (1908–1984) Died in office. People's Commissar of Armaments, 1941–1946; Minister of Armaments, 1946–1953; Minister of the Defence Industry, 1953–1957; Deputy Chairman, Council of Ministers/Chairman, Military-Industrial Commission, 1957–1963; First Deputy Chairman, Council of Ministers, 1963–1965. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1978; Hero of Socialist Labour, 1942 and 1961.
34 Leonid Brezhnev   7 May 1976[8][9] Yes Yes Yes 6 (1906–1982) Died in office. First Secretary, Communist Party of Moldavia, 1950–1952; First Secretary, Communist Party of Kazakhstan, 1955–1956; Chairman, Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, 1960–1964; Second Secretary, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1963–1964. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1966, 1976, 1978 and 1981; Hero of Socialist Labour, 1961; awarded Order of Victory, 1978 (rescinded 1989).
35 Viktor Kulikov   14 Jan 1977   Yes No No 12 (1921–2013) Relieved, 1989. Commander-in-Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, 1969–1971; Chief of the General Staff, 1971–1977; Member, 3rd State Duma of the Russian Federation, 1999–2003. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1981.
36 Nikolai Ogarkov   14 Jan 1977   Yes No No 11 (1917–1994) Relieved as chief of general staff, 1984; appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1988. Military Advisor to the Russian Minister of Defence, 1992–1994. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1977.
37 Sergey Sokolov   17 Feb 1978   Yes No Yes
(as candidate) 		9 (1911–2012) Dismissed as minister of defence, 1987. Military Advisor to the Russian Minister of Defence, 1992–2012. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1980. Longest-lived Marshal of the Soviet Union.
38 Sergey Akhromeyev   25 Mar 1983   Yes No No 5 (1923–1991) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1988. Advisor for Military Affairs to the President of the Soviet Union, 1990–1991; Member, State Committee on the State of Emergency, 1991.[o] Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1982.
39 Semyon Kurkotkin   25 Mar 1983   Yes No No 5 (1917–1990) Appointed to Group of Inspectors General, 1988. Commander-in-Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, 1971–1972. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1981.
40 Vasily Petrov   25 Mar 1983   Yes No No 3 (1917–2014) Military Advisor to the Russian Minister of Defence, 1992–2014. Made Hero of the Soviet Union, 1982.
41 Dmitry Yazov   28 Apr 1990   Yes No Yes
(as candidate) 		1 (1924–2020) Dismissed as minister of defence, 1991. Last Marshal of the Soviet Union to die.

Timeline

Dmitry YazovVasily Petrov (marshal)Semyon KurkotkinSergey AkhromeyevSergey Sokolov (marshal)Nikolai OgarkovViktor KulikovLeonid BrezhnevDmitry UstinovPavel BatitskyPyotr KoshevoyIvan YakubovskyNikolay Krylov (marshal)Filipp GolikovMatvei ZakharovAndrey YeryomenkoSergey BiryuzovIvan BagramyanVasily ChuikovKirill MoskalenkoAndrei GrechkoNikolai BulganinVasily SokolovskyLavrentiy BeriaKirill MeretskovFyodor TolbukhinRodion MalinovskyKonstantin RokossovskyLeonid GovorovIvan KonevJoseph StalinAleksandr VasilevskyGeorgy ZhukovGrigory KulikBoris ShaposhnikovSemyon TimoshenkoMikhail TukhachevskyVasily BlyukherAlexander Yegorov (soldier)Semyon BudyonnyKliment Voroshilov

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Positions listed are those held by the officer when promoted to marshal, both within the Soviet Armed Forces, Communist Party of the Soviet Union and non-CPSU governmental apparatus. Politico-military positions, such as ministers, first deputy ministers, and deputy ministers of defence are to be included, whereas service on the Group of Inspectors General is not to be included.
  2. ^ Refers to number of years holding rank of marshal. Unless otherwise stated, marshals of the Soviet Union hold their rank until final relief or removal from a position within the armed forces, party or state apparatus (including membership in the Party Congress, Central Committee, Politburo/Presidium). Time spent between holding of such positions is not counted.
  3. ^ Notes include years of birth and death; awards of the Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labour, Order of Victory or honours of similar significance; major military appointments prior to promotion to marshal; major non-governmental or Party-affiliated appointments; familial relationships with other marshals of the Soviet Union or significant Party and state officials; and unusual career events such as demotion, removal from office or being purged by Party leadership.
  4. ^ Resigned as head of state, 7 May 1960; removed from Presidium, 16 Jul 1960; removed from Central Committee, Oct 1961; re-elected to Central Committee, 1966.
  5. ^ Reduced to candidate member, 22nd Central Committee, 1961.
  6. ^ a b c Victim of the Great Purge.
  7. ^ Arrested and stripped of rank, 21 Feb 1938; executed, 23 Feb 1939; rehabilitated and posthumously restored as marshal, 14 Mar 1956.
  8. ^ Arrested, 22 Oct 1938; died in captivity, 9 Nov 1938; retroactively stripped of rank, Mar 1939; rehabilitated and posthumously restored as marshal, 1956.
  9. ^ Arrested and stripped of rank, 22 May 1937; executed, 12 Jun 1937; rehabilitated and posthumously restored as marshal, 31 Jan 1957.
  10. ^ Dismissed as deputy people's commissar for defence and expelled from Central Committee, 24 Feb 1942; demoted to major general, 17 Mar 1942; promoted to lieutenant general, 15 Apr 1943; demoted to major general, 9 Jul 1945; arrested and stripped of rank, 11 Jan 1947; executed, 24 Aug 1950; rehabilitated and posthumously restored as marshal, 28 Sep 1957.
  11. ^ Unofficial rank of Commissar General of State Security converted to Marshal of the Soviet Union, 9 Jul 1945; arrested, 26 Jun 1953; stripped of rank and expelled from all offices, 18 Dec 1953; executed, 23 Dec 1953.
  12. ^ Reduced to candidate member, 22nd Central Committee, 1961.
  13. ^ Resigned as premier, 27 Mar 1958; expelled from Central Committee and stripped of rank, Sep 1958; expelled from Presidium, 12 Nov 1958; retired, Feb 1960.
  14. ^ Position renamed from First Secretary at the 23rd Party Congress in 1966.
  15. ^ a b As part of the August Coup of 1991.

References

  1. ^ "Birthday Anniversary of Kliment Ye. Voroshilov, Statesman and Military Figure, Marshal of the Soviet Union". Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  2. ^ Stephan, Robert (1987). "Smersh: Soviet Military Counter-Intelligence during the Second World War". Journal of Contemporary History. 22 (4): 585–613. doi:10.1177/002200948702200403. JSTOR 260812. S2CID 159160922. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  3. ^ "Ivan Konev - Traces of War". Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  4. ^ Birstein, Vadim (November 2013). SMERSH: Stalin's Secret Weapon. ISBN 9781849546898. Retrieved 29 September 2021. On July 9, 1945, the heads of all security structures received military ranks. Beria was promoted to marshal [...]
  5. ^ "Military Review, Volume 35, Issue 6". 1955. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  6. ^ "Village of war chiefs". Collective Treaty Security Organization. 15 January 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  7. ^ "Батицкий Павел Фёдорович". WarHeroes (in Russian). Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  8. ^ "Брежнев Леонид Ильич". warheroes.ru. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  9. ^ . novayagazeta.ru. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2023.

External links

    August 21, 2023
    marshal, soviet, union, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, 202. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Marshal of the Soviet Union news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Marshal of the Soviet Union Russian Marshal Sovetskogo Soyuza romanized Marshal sovetskogo soyuza pronounced ˈmarʂel sɐˈvʲetskege sɐˈjuze was the highest military rank of the Soviet Union Marshal of the Soviet UnionMarshal Sovetskogo SoyuzaMarshal s star bigUniform shoulder strap 1955 1990 Country Soviet UnionService branchRed Army 1922 1946 Soviet Army 1946 1991 RankGeneral officerFormation22 September 1935AbolishedDecember 1991Next higher rankNone Generalissimus Next lower rankChief marshal of the branchGeneral of the ArmyEquivalent ranksAdmiral of the fleet of the Soviet UnionRank insignias of Marshal of the Soviet UnionGorget patch1935 40Gorget patch1940 43Sleeve chevron1940 43Shoulder board1943 55Peaked cap1943 91 The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was created in 1935 and abolished in 1991 when the Soviet Union dissolved Forty one people held this rank The equivalent naval rank was until 1955 admiral of the fleet and from 1955 Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union While the supreme rank of Generalissimus of the Soviet Union which would have been senior to Marshal of the Soviet Union was proposed for Joseph Stalin after the Second World War it was never officially approved Contents 1 History of the rank 2 List of Marshals of the Soviet Union 2 1 Timeline 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksHistory of the rank EditSee also List of Field Marshals of the Russian Empire The first five marshals of the Soviet Union from left to right Tukhachevsky Budyonny Voroshilov Blyukher and Yegorov Only Budyonny and Voroshilov would survive the Great Purge The military rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was established by a decree of the Soviet Cabinet the Council of People s Commissars Sovnarkom on 22 September 1935 On 20 November the rank was conferred on five people People s Commissar of Defence and veteran Bolshevik Kliment Voroshilov Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army Alexander Yegorov and three senior commanders Vasily Blyukher Semyon Budyonny and Mikhail Tukhachevsky Of these Blyukher Tukhachevsky and Yegorov were executed during Stalin s Great Purge of 1937 38 On 7 May 1940 three new Marshals were appointed the new People s Commissar of Defence Semyon Timoshenko Boris Shaposhnikov and Grigory Kulik During World War II Kulik was demoted for incompetence and the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was given to a number of military commanders who earned it on merit These included Georgy Zhukov Ivan Konev and Konstantin Rokossovsky to name a few In 1943 Stalin himself was made a Marshal of the Soviet Union and in 1945 he was joined by his intelligence and police chief Lavrenti Beria These non military Marshals were joined in 1947 by politician Nikolai Bulganin Two Marshals were executed in postwar purges Kulik in 1950 and Beria in 1953 following Stalin s death Thereafter the rank was awarded only to professional soldiers with the exception of Leonid Brezhnev who made himself a Marshal in 1976 and Dmitry Ustinov who was prominent in the arms industry and was appointed Defence Minister in July 1976 The last Marshal of the Soviet Union was Dmitry Yazov appointed in 1990 who was imprisoned after the failed coup against Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991 Marshal Sergei Akhromeev committed suicide in 1991 during the fall of the Soviet Union The Marshals fell into three generational groups Those who had gained their reputations during the Russian Civil War These included both those who were purged in 1937 38 Blyukher Tukhachevsky and Yegorov and those who held high commands in the early years of World War II Budyonny Kulik Shaposhnikov Timoshenko and Voroshilov All of the latter except Shaposhnikov and Timoshenko proved out of step with modern warfare and were removed from commanding positions Those who made their reputations in World War II and assumed high commands in the latter part of the war These included Zhukov Vasilievsky Konev Rokossovsky Malinovsky Tolbukhin Govorov and Meretskov Those who assumed high command in the Cold War era All of these were officers in World War II but their higher commands were held in the Warsaw Pact or as Soviet Defence Ministers These included Sokolovsky Grechko Yakubovsky Kulikov Ogarkov Akhromeev and Yazov All Marshals in the third category had been officers in World War II except Ustinov who had been People s Commissar for Armaments Even Yazov who was 20 when the war ended had been a platoon commander Brezhnev was not a professional soldier but was still commissioned as a political commissar in the war Of the 35 Marshals who were career soldiers the majority were of Russian origin Timoshenko Tymoshenko Kulik Kulyk Grechko Hrechko Yeremenko Yeryomenko Moskalenko Batitsky Batytsʹkyy and Koshevoy Koshovyy were of Ukrainian origin while Sokolovsky Sakaloŭski and Yakubovsky Jakuboŭski had Belarusian origins Rokossovsky Rokossowski was born in Congress Poland to a Polish family while Malinovsky Malinowsky was born in Odessa now in Ukraine to a Polish father Tukhachevsky also had Polish ancestry Bagramyan Baghramyan was the sole marshal of Armenian origin The rank was abolished with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 It was succeeded in the new Russia by the rank of Marshal of the Russian Federation which has been held by only one person Marshal Igor Sergeyev who was Russian Defence Minister from 1997 to 2001 After the death of Marshal Yazov in 2020 there were no living Marshals of the Soviet Union List of Marshals of the Soviet Union EditList of Marshals of the Soviet Union No Name Photo Date of rank Positions held a CentralCommitteemember Secretariatmember Politburomember Years b Additional Notes c 1 Kliment Voroshilov 20 Nov 1935 1 People s Commissar for Defence 1934 1940 Deputy Chairman Council of People s Commissars 1940 1946 Commander in Chief Northwestern Direction 1941 Commander Leningrad Front 1941 Chairman Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 1953 1960 Yes No Yes 34 1881 1969 d People s Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs 1925 1934 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1956 and 1968 Hero of Socialist Labour 1960 2 Semyon Budyonny 20 Nov 1935 Inspector of Cavalry Red Army 1923 1937 Commander Moscow Military District 1937 1939 Deputy People s Commissar for Defence 1939 1940 First Deputy People s Commissar for Defence 1940 1941 Commander in Chief Southwestern Direction 1941 Commander Reserve Front 1941 Commander in Chief North Caucasus Direction 1942 Commander North Caucasus Front 1942 Inspector of Cavalry Red Army 1943 1945 Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Food 1945 1954 Inspector of Cavalry Soviet Army 1953 1954 Yes No No 19 1883 1973 e Retired 1954 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1958 1963 and 1968 3 Alexander Yegorov 20 Nov 1935 Deputy People s Commissar for Defence Chief of the General Staff 1935 1937 Commander Transcaucasian Military District 1937 1938 Yes as candidate No No 3 1883 1939 f g Stripped of rank 1938 Posthumously rehabilitated 4 Vasily Blyukher 20 Nov 1935 Commander Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army 1935 1938 Commander Far Eastern Front 1938 Yes as candidate No No 3 1889 1938 f h Retroactively stripped of rank 1939 Posthumously rehabilitated 5 Mikhail Tukhachevsky 20 Nov 1935 Technology and Armament Chief Red Army Deputy People s Commissar for War 1931 1936 First Deputy People s Commissar for Defence Inspector of Military Training 1936 1937 Commander Volga Military District 1937 Yes as candidate No No 2 1893 1937 f i Stripped of rank 1937 Posthumously rehabilitated 6 Semyon Timoshenko 7 May 1940 People s Commissar for Defence 1940 1941 People s Commissar for Defence Chairman Stavka of the Soviet Armed Forces 1941 Commander Western Front 1941 Commander in Chief Southwestern Direction 1941 Commander Stalingrad Front 1942 Commander Southwestern Front 1942 Commander Northwestern Front 1942 1943 Chairman Stavka of the Supreme Main Command 1943 1945 Commander Baranovich Military District 1946 Commander Belorussian Military District 1946 Commander South Ural Military District 1946 1949 Commander Belorussian Military District 1949 1960 Yes No No 20 1895 1970 Appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1960 Chairman State Committee for War Veterans 1961 1970 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1940 and 1965 awarded Order of Victory 1945 7 Boris Shaposhnikov 7 May 1940 Chief of the General Staff 1937 1940 Deputy People s Commissar for Defence Chief of the General Staff 1941 1942 Deputy People s Commissar for Defence 1942 1943 Commandant Kliment E Voroshilov Higher Military Academy 1943 1945 Yes as candidate No No 5 1882 1945 Died in office 8 Grigory Kulik 7 May 1940 Chief Main Artillery Directorate Red Army 1937 1941 Deputy Chief of the General Staff 1939 1941 Deputy People s Commissar for Defence 1939 1942 Stavka Representative to the Crimean Front 1941 1942 Head Main Formation and Training Directorate Red Army 1941 Commander 54th Army 1941 Yes No No 2 1890 1950 j Demoted 1942 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1940 rescinded 1942 Posthumously rehabilitated 9 Georgy Zhukov 18 Jan 1943 Deputy People s Commissar for Defence Deputy Commander in Chief Soviet Armed Forces 1942 1944 Commander 1st Ukrainian Front 1944 Commander 1st Belorussian Front 1944 1945 Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany 1945 Military Governor Soviet Military Administration in Germany Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany 1945 1946 Deputy Minister of the Armed Forces Commander in Chief Soviet Ground Forces 1946 Commander Odessa Military District 1946 1948 Commander Ural Military District 1948 1953 First Deputy Minister of Defence 1953 1955 Minister of Defence 1955 1957 Yes No Yes 14 1896 1974 Dismissed as minister of defence 1957 Chief of the General Staff 1941 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1940 1944 1945 and 1956 awarded Order of Victory 1944 and 1945 10 Aleksandr Vasilevsky 16 Feb 1943 Deputy People s Commissar for Defence Chief of the General Staff 1942 1945 Chief of the General Staff 1945 Commander in Chief Far East Command 1945 1946 Chief of the General Staff 1946 1948 Minister of the Armed Forces 1949 1950 Minister of War 1950 1953 Deputy Minister of Defence 1953 1956 Deputy Minister of Defence for Military Science 1956 1957 Yes No No 16 1895 1977 Appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1959 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1944 and 1945 awarded Order of Victory 1944 and 1945 11 Joseph Stalin 6 Mar 1943 2 General Secretary Central Committee of the All Union Communist Party 1922 1952 Chairman Council of People s Commissars 1941 1946 Chairman Council of Ministers 1946 1953 Supreme Commander Soviet Armed Forces 1941 1953 Chairman State Defense Committee 1941 1945 People s Commissar for Defence 1941 1946 People s Commissar for the Armed Forces 1946 Minister of the Armed Forces 1946 1947 Yes Yes Yes 10 1878 1953 Died in office Promoted to generalissimus 27 Jun 1945 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1945 Hero of Socialist Labour 1939 awarded Order of Victory 1944 12 Ivan Konev 20 Feb 1944 3 Commander 2nd Ukrainian Front 1943 1944 Commander 1st Ukrainian Front 1944 1945 Commander Soviet Occupation Forces Eastern Germany Allied High Commissioner for Austria 1945 1946 First Deputy Minister of the Armed Forces Commander in Chief Soviet Ground Forces 1946 1950 Chief Inspector Soviet Ground Forces 1950 1951 Commander Carpathian Military District 1951 1955 First Deputy Minister of Defence Supreme Commander Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization 1955 1960 Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Forces in Germany 1961 1962 Yes No No 18 1897 1973 Appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1962 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1944 and 1945 awarded Order of Victory 1945 13 Leonid Govorov 18 Jun 1944 Commander Leningrad Front 1942 1945 Commander Leningrad Military District 1945 1946 Chief Inspector Soviet Ground Forces 1946 1948 Commander in Chief National Air Defence Forces 1948 1952 Deputy Minister of War Commander in Chief National Air Defence Forces 1952 1954 Deputy Minister of Defence Commander in Chief Soviet Air Defence Forces 1954 1955 Yes as candidate No No 11 1897 1955 Died in office Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1945 awarded Order of Victory 1945 14 Konstantin Rokossovsky 29 Jun 1944 Commander 1st Belorussian Front 1943 1944 Commander 2nd Belorussian Front 1944 1945 Commander Northern Group of Forces 1945 1949 Minister of National Defence People s Republic of Poland 1949 1952 Deputy Chairman Council of Ministers People s Republic of Poland 1952 1957 Deputy Minister of Defence Commander Transcaucasian Military District 1957 1958 Deputy Minister of Defence Chief Inspector Ministry of Defence 1958 1962 Yes as candidate No No 18 1896 1968 Retired 1962 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1944 and 1945 awarded Order of Victory 1945 Made Marshal of Poland 1949 Candidate member 22nd 23rd Central Committee 1962 1968 15 Rodion Malinovsky 10 Sep 1944 Commander 2nd Ukrainian Front 1944 1945 Head Allied Commission for Hungary 1944 1947 Commander Transbaikal Front 1945 Commander Transbaikal Amur Military District 1945 1947 Commander in Chief Soviet Far East High Command 1947 1953 Commander Far Eastern Military District 1953 1956 First Deputy Minister of Defence Commander in Chief Soviet Ground Forces 1956 1957 Minister of Defence 1957 1967 Yes No No 23 1898 1967 Died in office Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1945 and 1958 awarded Order of Victory 1945 16 Fyodor Tolbukhin 12 Sep 1944 Commander 3rd Ukrainian Front 1944 1945 Commander in Chief Southern Group of Forces 1945 1947 Commander Transcaucasus Military District 1947 1949 No No No 5 1894 1949 Died in office Posthumously made Hero of the Soviet Union 1965 awarded Order of Victory 1945 17 Kirill Meretskov 26 Oct 1944 Commander Karelian Front 1944 1945 Commander 1st Far Eastern Front 1945 Commander in Chief Soviet Occupation Forces in Northern Korea 1945 1947 Commander Moscow Military District 1947 1949 Commander Belomorsky Military District 1949 1951 Commander Northern Military District 1951 1954 Assistant Minister of Defence 1955 1964 Yes as candidate No No 20 1897 1968 Appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1964 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1940 awarded Order of Victory 1945 18 Lavrentiy Beria 9 Jul 1945 4 People s Commissar of the Interior 1938 1946 Deputy Chairman Council of Ministers 1946 1953 Minister of Internal Affairs 1953 First Deputy Chairman Council of Ministers 1953 Yes No Yes 8 1899 1953 k Made Hero of Socialist Labour 1943 Stripped of rank and executed 1953 19 Vasily Sokolovsky 3 Jul 1946 Military Governor Soviet Military Administration in Germany Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany 1946 1949 First Deputy Minister of Defence 1949 1952 First Deputy Minister of Defence Chief of the General Staff 1952 1960 Yes No No 14 1897 1968 l Appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1960 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1945 20 Nikolai Bulganin 3 Nov 1947 5 Minister of the Armed Forces 1947 1949 First Deputy Chairman Council of Ministers 1950 1955 Minister of Defence 1953 1955 Chairman Council of Ministers 1955 1958 Chairman Soviet State Bank 1958 Chairman Regional Economic Council 1958 Yes No Yes 11 1895 1975 m Chairman Council of People s Commissars Russian SFSR 1937 1938 Made Hero of Socialist Labour 1955 Stripped of rank 1958 21 Andrei Grechko 11 Mar 1955 Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Forces in Germany 1954 1957 First Deputy Minister of Defence Commander in Chief Soviet Ground Forces 1957 1960 First Deputy Minister of Defence Supreme Commander Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization 1960 1967 Minister of Defence 1967 1976 Yes No Yes 21 1903 1976 Died in office Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1958 and 1973 22 Kirill Moskalenko 11 Mar 1955 Commander Moscow Military District 1953 1960 Deputy Minister of Defence Commander in Chief Strategic Missile Forces 1960 1962 Deputy Minister of Defence Chief Inspector Ministry of Defence 1962 1983 Yes No No 28 1902 1985 Appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1983 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1943 and 1978 23 Vasily Chuikov 11 Mar 1955 Commander Kiev Military District 1953 1960 Deputy Minister of Defence Commander in Chief Soviet Ground Forces 1960 1961 Deputy Minister of Defence Commander in Chief Soviet Ground Forces Chief Civil Defence 1961 1964 Deputy Minister of Defence Chief Civil Defence 1964 1972 Yes No No 17 1900 1982 Retired 1972 Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany 1949 1953 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1944 and 1945 24 Ivan Bagramyan 11 Mar 1955 6 Deputy Minister of Defence 1955 1956 Deputy Minister of Defence Commandant Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union 1956 1958 Deputy Minister of Defence 1958 1968 Yes No No 13 1897 1982 Retired 1968 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1944 and 1977 Last surviving Marshal of the Soviet Union to hold high command during World War II 25 Sergey Biryuzov 11 Mar 1955 Deputy Minister of Defence Commander in Chief Soviet Air Defence Forces 1955 1962 Deputy Minister of Defence Commander in Chief Strategic Missile Forces 1962 1963 Chief of the General Staff 1963 1964 Yes No No 9 1904 1964 Died in office Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1958 26 Andrey Yeryomenko 11 Mar 1955 Commander North Caucasus Military District 1953 1958 Yes as candidate No No 3 1892 1970 Appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1958 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1944 27 Matvei Zakharov 8 May 1959 Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Forces in Germany 1957 1960 Deputy Minister of Defence Chief of the General Staff 1960 1963 Commandant Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union 1963 1964 Deputy Minister of Defence Chief of the General Staff 1964 1971 Yes No No 12 1898 1972 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1945 and 1971 Director Main Intelligence Directorate 1949 1952 28 Filipp Golikov 8 May 1961 Chief Main Political Administration of the Soviet Armed Forces 1958 1962 Yes No No 1 1900 1980 Relieved and appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1962 Director Main Intelligence Directorate 1940 1941 29 Nikolay Krylov 28 Apr 1962 Commander Moscow Military District 1960 1963 Deputy Minister of Defence Commander in Chief Strategic Missile Forces 1963 1972 Yes No No 10 1903 1972 Died in office Made Hero of the Soviet Union twice in 1945 30 Ivan Yakubovsky 12 Apr 1967 First Deputy Minister of Defence 1967 First Deputy Minister of Defence Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization 1967 1976 Yes No No 9 1912 1976 Died in office Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Forces in Germany 1960 1961 1962 1965 Made Hero of the Soviet Union twice in 1944 31 Pyotr Koshevoy 15 Apr 1968 Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Forces in Germany 1965 1969 Yes as candidate No No 1 1904 1976 Appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1969 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1944 and 1945 32 Pavel Batitsky 15 Apr 1968 7 Commander in Chief Soviet Air Defence Forces 1966 1978 Yes No No 10 1910 1984 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1965 33 Dmitry Ustinov 30 Jul 1976 Minister of Defence 1976 1984 Yes Yes Yes 8 1908 1984 Died in office People s Commissar of Armaments 1941 1946 Minister of Armaments 1946 1953 Minister of the Defence Industry 1953 1957 Deputy Chairman Council of Ministers Chairman Military Industrial Commission 1957 1963 First Deputy Chairman Council of Ministers 1963 1965 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1978 Hero of Socialist Labour 1942 and 1961 34 Leonid Brezhnev 7 May 1976 8 9 General Secretary Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1964 1982 n Chairman Defence Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1964 1982 Chairman Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 1977 1982 Yes Yes Yes 6 1906 1982 Died in office First Secretary Communist Party of Moldavia 1950 1952 First Secretary Communist Party of Kazakhstan 1955 1956 Chairman Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 1960 1964 Second Secretary Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1963 1964 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1966 1976 1978 and 1981 Hero of Socialist Labour 1961 awarded Order of Victory 1978 rescinded 1989 35 Viktor Kulikov 14 Jan 1977 First Deputy Minister of Defence Supreme Commander Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization 1977 1989 Yes No No 12 1921 2013 Relieved 1989 Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Forces in Germany 1969 1971 Chief of the General Staff 1971 1977 Member 3rd State Duma of the Russian Federation 1999 2003 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1981 36 Nikolai Ogarkov 14 Jan 1977 First Deputy Minister of Defence Chief of the General Staff 1977 1984 Commander in Chief Soviet Western Theatre of Military Operations 1984 1988 Yes No No 11 1917 1994 Relieved as chief of general staff 1984 appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1988 Military Advisor to the Russian Minister of Defence 1992 1994 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1977 37 Sergey Sokolov 17 Feb 1978 First Deputy Minister of Defence 1966 1984 Commander in Chief Soviet forces in Afghanistan 1979 1980 Minister of Defence 1984 1987 Yes No Yes as candidate 9 1911 2012 Dismissed as minister of defence 1987 Military Advisor to the Russian Minister of Defence 1992 2012 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1980 Longest lived Marshal of the Soviet Union 38 Sergey Akhromeyev 25 Mar 1983 First Deputy Chief of the General Staff 1979 1984 First Deputy Minister of Defence Chief of the General Staff 1984 1988 Yes No No 5 1923 1991 Appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1988 Advisor for Military Affairs to the President of the Soviet Union 1990 1991 Member State Committee on the State of Emergency 1991 o Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1982 39 Semyon Kurkotkin 25 Mar 1983 Deputy Minister of Defence Chief Rear Services of the Soviet Armed Forces 1972 1988 Yes No No 5 1917 1990 Appointed to Group of Inspectors General 1988 Commander in Chief Group of Soviet Forces in Germany 1971 1972 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1981 40 Vasily Petrov 25 Mar 1983 Deputy Minister of Defence Commander in Chief Soviet Ground Forces 1980 1985 First Deputy Minister of Defence 1985 1986 Yes No No 3 1917 2014 Military Advisor to the Russian Minister of Defence 1992 2014 Made Hero of the Soviet Union 1982 41 Dmitry Yazov 28 Apr 1990 Minister of Defence 1987 1991 Member State Committee on the State of Emergency 1991 o Yes No Yes as candidate 1 1924 2020 Dismissed as minister of defence 1991 Last Marshal of the Soviet Union to die Timeline EditSee also EditGeneralissimus of the Soviet Union Admiral of the fleet of the Soviet Union Marshal of the Russian Federation History of Russian military ranks Military ranks of the Soviet Union Marshal of the branch Chief marshal of the branch Field Marshal of Imperial Russia Marshal of the People s Republic of China Ranks and insignia of the Red Army and Navy 1935 1940 and 1940 1943 Ranks and rank insignia of the Soviet Armed Forces 1943 1955 and 1955 1991Notes Edit Positions listed are those held by the officer when promoted to marshal both within the Soviet Armed Forces Communist Party of the Soviet Union and non CPSU governmental apparatus Politico military positions such as ministers first deputy ministers and deputy ministers of defence are to be included whereas service on the Group of Inspectors General is not to be included Refers to number of years holding rank of marshal Unless otherwise stated marshals of the Soviet Union hold their rank until final relief or removal from a position within the armed forces party or state apparatus including membership in the Party Congress Central Committee Politburo Presidium Time spent between holding of such positions is not counted Notes include years of birth and death awards of the Hero of the Soviet Union Hero of Socialist Labour Order of Victory or honours of similar significance major military appointments prior to promotion to marshal major non governmental or Party affiliated appointments familial relationships with other marshals of the Soviet Union or significant Party and state officials and unusual career events such as demotion removal from office or being purged by Party leadership Resigned as head of state 7 May 1960 removed from Presidium 16 Jul 1960 removed from Central Committee Oct 1961 re elected to Central Committee 1966 Reduced to candidate member 22nd Central Committee 1961 a b c Victim of the Great Purge Arrested and stripped of rank 21 Feb 1938 executed 23 Feb 1939 rehabilitated and posthumously restored as marshal 14 Mar 1956 Arrested 22 Oct 1938 died in captivity 9 Nov 1938 retroactively stripped of rank Mar 1939 rehabilitated and posthumously restored as marshal 1956 Arrested and stripped of rank 22 May 1937 executed 12 Jun 1937 rehabilitated and posthumously restored as marshal 31 Jan 1957 Dismissed as deputy people s commissar for defence and expelled from Central Committee 24 Feb 1942 demoted to major general 17 Mar 1942 promoted to lieutenant general 15 Apr 1943 demoted to major general 9 Jul 1945 arrested and stripped of rank 11 Jan 1947 executed 24 Aug 1950 rehabilitated and posthumously restored as marshal 28 Sep 1957 Unofficial rank of Commissar General of State Security converted to Marshal of the Soviet Union 9 Jul 1945 arrested 26 Jun 1953 stripped of rank and expelled from all offices 18 Dec 1953 executed 23 Dec 1953 Reduced to candidate member 22nd Central Committee 1961 Resigned as premier 27 Mar 1958 expelled from Central Committee and stripped of rank Sep 1958 expelled from Presidium 12 Nov 1958 retired Feb 1960 Position renamed from First Secretary at the 23rd Party Congress in 1966 a b As part of the August Coup of 1991 References Edit Birthday Anniversary of Kliment Ye Voroshilov Statesman and Military Figure Marshal of the Soviet Union Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library Retrieved 27 September 2021 Stephan Robert 1987 Smersh Soviet Military Counter Intelligence during the Second World War Journal of Contemporary History 22 4 585 613 doi 10 1177 002200948702200403 JSTOR 260812 S2CID 159160922 Retrieved 27 September 2021 Ivan Konev Traces of War Retrieved 27 September 2021 Birstein Vadim November 2013 SMERSH Stalin s Secret Weapon ISBN 9781849546898 Retrieved 29 September 2021 On July 9 1945 the heads of all security structures received military ranks Beria was promoted to marshal Military Review Volume 35 Issue 6 1955 Retrieved 27 September 2021 Village of war chiefs Collective Treaty Security Organization 15 January 2020 Retrieved 29 September 2021 Batickij Pavel Fyodorovich WarHeroes in Russian Retrieved 3 February 2023 Brezhnev Leonid Ilich warheroes ru Retrieved 30 March 2023 PLOH TOT GENSEK KOTORYJ NE MEChTAET STAT MARShALOM novayagazeta ru Archived from the original on 28 October 2019 Retrieved 30 March 2023 External links EditBiographies of all the Marshals of the USSR Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marshal of the Soviet Union amp oldid 1164074392, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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