Pleurothallis is a genus of orchids commonly called bonnet orchids. The genus name is derived from the Greek word pleurothallos, meaning "riblike branches". This refers to the rib-like stems of many species. The genus is often abbreviated as "Pths" in horticultural trade.
This was a huge genus, which contained more than 1,200 species - the second largest in the Orchidaceae after Bulbophyllum. In 2004, it decreased by more than half when many species were moved into new genera.[2]
Pleurothallis is a completely New World group, widespread across much of Mexico, Central America, South America and the West Indies.[1] Flora of North America[3] lists one species in Florida(P. gelida) but this has now been transferred to a different genus, Stelis.[4] The center of diversity of the genus is in the high Andes, especially in the chain of cloud forests in Colombia. Pleurothallis grows in dry or wet, tropical or temperate climates.
Description
As a group they show a huge range in vegetative form, terrestrial or epiphytic, and can be found as tall cane-like plants a meter or so high, clumped or trailing, pendent or climbing, erect or creeping, tufted and tiny, delicate moss-like species that can grow on the thinnest of twigs.[5] But they have one common denominator: they all have two pollinia.
They have reduced their pseudobulbs and instead, some species have thick succulent leaves.
Their flowers are among the most diverse and unusual, although often very small, and specialize in using tiny insects such as gnats, flies or small wasps for pollination.[6]
Taxonomy
To bring some order in this extremely diverse genus, 29 subgenera and 25 sections had been created. Much of this work has been done by Dr. C. Luer of the Missouri Botanical Garden. A new analysis, based on DNA testing, confirmed on the whole the classification of the subtribe Pleurothallidinae, with however Pleurothallis as the main difference. New genetic insight broke up this huge genus and made it more consistent with the principles of monophyletic genera and evolutionary relationships.
Several times before, a splitting up has been attempted, but there were always too many intermediate forms. In 2004 the genera Acianthera, Ancipitia, Antilla, Apoda-prorepentia, Areldia, Atopoglossum, Brenesia, Crocodeilanthe were created, incorporating a large number of former Pleurothallis species.[2] The subgenera Pleurothallis and Specklinia are becoming separate genera, and the subgenus Acuminatae might become the proposed genus Anathallis.
^ abLuer, Carlyle A. (2004-03-26). Hollowell, Victoria C.; McPherson, Amy; Gunter, Diana (eds.). Formatted by Barbara Mack. "Icones Pleurothallidinarum XXVI". Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 95: 253–265. ISSN 0161-1542 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
^Romero-González, Gustavo A.; Fernández-Concha, Germán Carnevali; Dressler, Robert L.; Magrath, Lawrence K.; Argus, George W. (2003-01-16). "Pleurothallis gelida". Flora of North America. 26: 616, 617. from the original on 2023-06-12.
^"Pleurothallis gelida Lindl". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. from the original on 2023-06-12. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
^Wilson, Mark; Larsen, Bruno; Moreno, Juan Sebastián; et al. (2022-12-31). "New Species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), a New Country Record, and Labellar Morphology in the P. Cardiostola-P. Lilijae Complex of Subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae" (PDF). Harvard Papers in Botany. Harvard University Herbaria. 27 (2). doi:10.3100/hpib.v27iss2.2022.n10. ISSN 1938-2944. S2CID 259257028. (PDF) from the original on 2023-06-11. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
^Borba, Eduardo L.; Semir, Joáo (2001-05-23). "Pollinator Specificity and Convergence in Fly-pollinated Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae) Species: A Multiple Population Approach". Annals of Botany. Oxford University Press. 88 (1): 75–88. doi:10.1006/anbo.2001.1434. eISSN 1095-8290. ISSN 0305-7364. Retrieved 2023-06-11 – via Oxford Academic.
^Jost, Lou; Endara, Lorena (2006-01-01). "Analysis of the DNA-Based Reclassification of the Pleurothallidinae". lou jost. from the original on 2008-02-15. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
Pridgeon, A. & M. Chase (2001). "A phylogenetic reclassification of Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae)". Lindleyana. 16: 235–271.
August 25, 2023
pleurothallis, genus, orchids, commonly, called, bonnet, orchids, genus, name, derived, from, greek, word, pleurothallos, meaning, riblike, branches, this, refers, like, stems, many, species, genus, often, abbreviated, pths, horticultural, trade, epiglottissci. Pleurothallis is a genus of orchids commonly called bonnet orchids The genus name is derived from the Greek word pleurothallos meaning riblike branches This refers to the rib like stems of many species The genus is often abbreviated as Pths in horticultural trade PleurothallisPleurothallis epiglottisScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MonocotsOrder AsparagalesFamily OrchidaceaeSubfamily EpidendroideaeTribe EpidendreaeSubtribe PleurothallidinaeGenus PleurothallisR Br 1813Synonyms 1 Acronia C PreslAncipitia Luer LuerAtopoglossum LuerCentranthera Scheidw Colombiana OspinaLalexia LuerLindleyalis LuerLoddigesia LuerMirandopsis Szlach amp Marg Mixis LuerOrbis LuerPleurobotryum Barb Rodr Proctoria LuerRhynchopera KlotzschTalpinaria H Karst Tigivesta LuerVestigium LuerZosterophyllanthos Szlach amp Marg This was a huge genus which contained more than 1 200 species the second largest in the Orchidaceae after Bulbophyllum In 2004 it decreased by more than half when many species were moved into new genera 2 Contents 1 Distribution 2 Description 3 Taxonomy 4 Species 5 ReferencesDistribution EditPleurothallis is a completely New World group widespread across much of Mexico Central America South America and the West Indies 1 Flora of North America 3 lists one species in Florida P gelida but this has now been transferred to a different genus Stelis 4 The center of diversity of the genus is in the high Andes especially in the chain of cloud forests in Colombia Pleurothallis grows in dry or wet tropical or temperate climates Description EditAs a group they show a huge range in vegetative form terrestrial or epiphytic and can be found as tall cane like plants a meter or so high clumped or trailing pendent or climbing erect or creeping tufted and tiny delicate moss like species that can grow on the thinnest of twigs 5 But they have one common denominator they all have two pollinia They have reduced their pseudobulbs and instead some species have thick succulent leaves Their flowers are among the most diverse and unusual although often very small and specialize in using tiny insects such as gnats flies or small wasps for pollination 6 Taxonomy EditTo bring some order in this extremely diverse genus 29 subgenera and 25 sections had been created Much of this work has been done by Dr C Luer of the Missouri Botanical Garden A new analysis based on DNA testing confirmed on the whole the classification of the subtribe Pleurothallidinae with however Pleurothallis as the main difference New genetic insight broke up this huge genus and made it more consistent with the principles of monophyletic genera and evolutionary relationships Several times before a splitting up has been attempted but there were always too many intermediate forms In 2004 the genera Acianthera Ancipitia Antilla Apoda prorepentia Areldia Atopoglossum Brenesia Crocodeilanthe were created incorporating a large number of former Pleurothallis species 2 The subgenera Pleurothallis and Specklinia are becoming separate genera and the subgenus Acuminatae might become the proposed genus Anathallis Other allied genera include Dracula Masdevallia Restrepia and Stelis 7 Species Edit Pleurothallis crossotaMain article List of Pleurothallis species As of July 2023 update Kew s Plants of the World Online listed around 555 species in the genus 1 Selected species include Pleurothallis cardiothallis Pleurothallis crossota Pleurothallis dibolia Pleurothallis ensata Pleurothallis epiglottis Pleurothallis fossulata Pleurothallis nipterophylla Pleurothallis prolaticollaris Pleurothallis pruinosa Pleurothallis ruberrima Pleurothallis ruscifolia Pleurothallis scurrulaReferences Edit a b c Pleurothallis R Br Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 2023 07 29 a b Luer Carlyle A 2004 03 26 Hollowell Victoria C McPherson Amy Gunter Diana eds Formatted by Barbara Mack Icones Pleurothallidinarum XXVI Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden Missouri Botanical Garden Press 95 253 265 ISSN 0161 1542 via Biodiversity Heritage Library Romero Gonzalez Gustavo A Fernandez Concha German Carnevali Dressler Robert L Magrath Lawrence K Argus George W 2003 01 16 Pleurothallis gelida Flora of North America 26 616 617 Archived from the original on 2023 06 12 Pleurothallis gelida Lindl Plants of the World Online Kew Science Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Archived from the original on 2023 06 12 Retrieved 2023 06 11 Wilson Mark Larsen Bruno Moreno Juan Sebastian et al 2022 12 31 New Species of Pleurothallis Orchidaceae Pleurothallidinae a New Country Record and Labellar Morphology in the P Cardiostola P Lilijae Complex of Subsection Macrophyllae Fasciculatae PDF Harvard Papers in Botany Harvard University Herbaria 27 2 doi 10 3100 hpib v27iss2 2022 n10 ISSN 1938 2944 S2CID 259257028 Archived PDF from the original on 2023 06 11 Retrieved 2023 06 11 Borba Eduardo L Semir Joao 2001 05 23 Pollinator Specificity and Convergence in Fly pollinated Pleurothallis Orchidaceae Species A Multiple Population Approach Annals of Botany Oxford University Press 88 1 75 88 doi 10 1006 anbo 2001 1434 eISSN 1095 8290 ISSN 0305 7364 Retrieved 2023 06 11 via Oxford Academic Jost Lou Endara Lorena 2006 01 01 Analysis of the DNA Based Reclassification of the Pleurothallidinae lou jost Archived from the original on 2008 02 15 Retrieved 2023 06 11 Luer Carlyle 1986 Icones Pleurothallidinarum III Systematics of Pleurothallis Orchidaceae Missouri Botanical Garden Press Pridgeon A amp M Chase 2001 A phylogenetic reclassification of Pleurothallidinae Orchidaceae Lindleyana 16 235 271 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pleurothallis amp oldid 1170860124, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
