A genre of the troubadours, the planh or plaing (Old Occitan [ˈplaɲ]; "lament") is a funeral lament for "a great personage, a protector, a friend or relative, or a lady."[1] Its main elements are expression of grief, praise of the deceased (eulogy) and prayer for his or her soul.[1][2] It is descended from the medieval Latinplanctus.[3]
The planh is similar to the sirventes in that both were typically contrafacta. They made use of existing melodies, often imitating the original song even down to the rhymes. The most famous planh of all, however, Gaucelm Faidit's lament on the death of King Richard the Lionheart in 1199, was set to original music.[4]
Elisabeth Schulze-Busacker identifies three types of planh: "the moralizing planh", in which the expression of grief is a point of departure for social criticism; "the true lament", in which personal grief is central; and "the courtly planh", in which the impact of the death on the court is emphasised.[1]Alfred Jeanroy considered that the common denunciation of the evils of the present age was a feature that distinguished the planh from the planctus.[5] In the conventions of the genre, the subject's death is announced by the simple words es mortz ("is dead"). By the 13th century, the placement of these words within the poem was fixed: it occurred in the seventh or eighth line of the first stanza.[1] It is perhaps an indication of the sincerity of their grief that the troubadours rarely praised the successors of their patrons in the planh.[3]
There are forty-four surviving planhz.[1] The earliest planh is that by Cercamon on the death of Duke William X of Aquitaine in 1137. The latest is an anonymous lament on the death of King Robert of Naples in 1343. The planh was regarded by contemporaries as a distinct genre and is mentioned in the Doctrina de compondre dictatz (1290s) and the Leys d'amors (1341).[3]
Chronological table of planhz
The following table lists 42 planhz.
great person or patron other troubadour lady friend
^ abcdeElisabeth Schulze-Busacker, "Topoi", in F. R. P. Akehurst and Judith M. Davis, eds., A Handbook of the Troubadours (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), pp. 421–440.
^Patricia Harris Stäblein, "New Views on an Old Problem: The Dynamics of Death in the Planh", Romance Philology35, 1 (1981): 223–234.
^ abcWilliam D. Paden, "Planh/Complainte", in W. W. Kibler and G. A. Zinn, eds., Medieval France: An Encyclopedia (New York: Garland, 1995), pp. 1400–1401.
^John Stevens, "Planctus", Grove Music Online (2001). Retrieved 21 August 2019.
^Stephen Manning, "Chaucer's Good Fair White: Woman and Symbol", Comparative Literature10, 2 (1958): 97–105.
Further reading
Jeanroy, Alfred. La poésie lyrique des troubadours. Toulouse: Privat, 1934.
January 07, 2023
planh, planch, redirects, here, botanist, jules, Émile, planchon, genre, troubadours, planh, plaing, occitan, ˈplaɲ, lament, funeral, lament, great, personage, protector, friend, relative, lady, main, elements, expression, grief, praise, deceased, eulogy, pray. Planch redirects here For the botanist see Jules Emile Planchon A genre of the troubadours the planh or plaing Old Occitan ˈplaɲ lament is a funeral lament for a great personage a protector a friend or relative or a lady 1 Its main elements are expression of grief praise of the deceased eulogy and prayer for his or her soul 1 2 It is descended from the medieval Latin planctus 3 Cercamon troubadour and author of the earliest known planh The planh is similar to the sirventes in that both were typically contrafacta They made use of existing melodies often imitating the original song even down to the rhymes The most famous planh of all however Gaucelm Faidit s lament on the death of King Richard the Lionheart in 1199 was set to original music 4 Elisabeth Schulze Busacker identifies three types of planh the moralizing planh in which the expression of grief is a point of departure for social criticism the true lament in which personal grief is central and the courtly planh in which the impact of the death on the court is emphasised 1 Alfred Jeanroy considered that the common denunciation of the evils of the present age was a feature that distinguished the planh from the planctus 5 In the conventions of the genre the subject s death is announced by the simple words es mortz is dead By the 13th century the placement of these words within the poem was fixed it occurred in the seventh or eighth line of the first stanza 1 It is perhaps an indication of the sincerity of their grief that the troubadours rarely praised the successors of their patrons in the planh 3 There are forty four surviving planhz 1 The earliest planh is that by Cercamon on the death of Duke William X of Aquitaine in 1137 The latest is an anonymous lament on the death of King Robert of Naples in 1343 The planh was regarded by contemporaries as a distinct genre and is mentioned in the Doctrina de compondre dictatz 1290s and the Leys d amors 1341 3 Chronological table of planhz EditThe following table lists 42 planhz great person or patron other troubadour lady friend Composer Incipit i e title Date MournedCercamon Lo plaing comens iradamen 1137 William X of AquitaineGiraut de Borneil S anc jorn aqui joi e solaz 1173 Raimbaut d AurengaGuillem de Bergueda Cousiros chan e planh e plor 1180 Pons de MataplanaBertran de Born Si tuit li dol el plor el marrimen 1183 Henry the Young KingBertran de Born Mon chan fenisc el dol et ab maltraire 1183 Henry the Young KingFolquet de Marselha Si com cel qu es tan greujat 1192 Barral I dels BausGaucelm Faidit Fortz causa es que tot lo major dan 1199 Richard the Lion HeartedGiraut de Borneil Planh e sospir e plor e chan 1199 Aimar V of LimogesPons de Capduelh De totz caitius sui eu aicel que plus Azalais wife of Ozil de MercœurGuillem Augier Novella Cascus plor e planh son damnatge 1209 Raymond Roger TrencavelLanfranc Cigala Eu non chan ges pes talan de chantar 1210s BerlendaGiraut de Calanso Bels senher Deus quo pot esser sofritz 1211 Ferdinand infante of CastileGavaudan Crezens fis verais et entiers 1212 his anonymous ladyAimeric de Peguilhan Ja no cugei quem pogues oblidar 1212 Azzo VI of Este and Boniface of VeronaAimeric de Peguilhan S eu chantei alegres ni jauzens 1212 Azzo VI of Este and Boniface of VeronaDaude de Pradas Be deu esser solatz marritz 1220 30 Uc BrunetAimeric de Peguilhan Ara par be que Valors se desfai 1220 Guglielmo MalaspinaAimeric de Peguilhan De tot en tot es ar de mi partitz bona comtessa BiatritzSordel Planher vol En Blacatz en aquest leugier so 1237 BlacatzBertran d Alamanon Mout m es greu d En Sordel quar l es faillitz sos sens 1237 BlacatzPeire Bremon Ricas Novas Pus partit an lo cor En Sordel e n Bertrans 1237 BlacatzAimeric de Belenoi Ailas per que viu lonjamen ni dura 1242 Nuno SanchezAimeric de Peguilhan Ab marrimen angoissos et ab plor 1245 Raymond Berengar IV of ProvenceRigaut de Berbezilh attr En chantan ieu plaing e sospir 1245 Raymond Berengar IV of ProvenceBonifaci Calvo S ieu ai perdut no s en podon jauzir 1250 65 his anonymous ladyBertran Carbonel S ieu anc nulh tems chantei alegramen 1252 65 P G prob Peire Guilhem de Tolosa Pons Santolh Marritz com hom malsabens ab frachura 1260 Guilhem de MontanhagolRaimon Gaucelm Cascus planh lo sieu damnatge 1262 Guiraut d Alanhan burgess of BeziersAnonymous Totas honors e tug fag benestan 1266 Manfred of SicilyBertolome Zorzi Sil mons fondes a meravilha gran 1268 Conradin and Frederick I of BadenPaulet de Marselha Razos no nes que hom deja cantar 1268 Barral II dels BausAnonymous En chantan m aven a retraire 1269 Gregorio de MontelungoGuilhem d Autpol Fortz tristors es e salvatj a retraire 1270 Louis IX of FranceGuiraut Riquier Ples de tristor marritz e doloiros 1270 Amalric IV of NarbonneJoan Esteve Aissi quol malanans 1270 Amalric IV of NarbonneMahieu de Quercy Tan sui marritz que nom puesc alegrar 1276 James the ConquerorCerveri de Girona Si per tristor per dol ni per cossire 1276 James the ConquerorCerveri de Girona Joys ni solatz pascors abrils ni mais 1276 Raimon de CardonaJoan Esteve Planhen ploran ab desplazer 1289 Guilhem de LodevaRaimon Menudet Ab grans dolors et ab grans merrimens Daude de BossaguasRaimon de Cornet Aras quan vey de bos homes fraytura 1324 Amanieu VII of AlbretAnonymous Glorios Dieus don totz bens ha creysensa 1343 Robert the Peace MakerReferences Edit a b c d e Elisabeth Schulze Busacker Topoi in F R P Akehurst and Judith M Davis eds A Handbook of the Troubadours Berkeley University of California Press 1995 pp 421 440 Patricia Harris Stablein New Views on an Old Problem The Dynamics of Death in the Planh Romance Philology 35 1 1981 223 234 a b c William D Paden Planh Complainte in W W Kibler and G A Zinn eds Medieval France An Encyclopedia New York Garland 1995 pp 1400 1401 John Stevens Planctus Grove Music Online 2001 Retrieved 21 August 2019 Stephen Manning Chaucer s Good Fair White Woman and Symbol Comparative Literature 10 2 1958 97 105 Further reading EditJeanroy Alfred La poesie lyrique des troubadours Toulouse Privat 1934 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Planh amp oldid 1099628945, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
