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Sirventes

The sirventes or serventes (Old Occitan [siɾvenˈtes]), sometimes translated as "service song", was a genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry practiced by the troubadours.

The name comes from sirvent ('serviceman'), from whose perspective the song is allegedly written. Sirventes usually (possibly, always) took the form of parodies, borrowing the melody, metrical structure and often even the rhymes of a well-known piece to address a controversial subject, often a current event. The original piece was usually a canso, but there are sirventes written as contrafacta of (at least) sestinas and pastorelas.[1]

They were always opinionated, being either highly complimentary or, more often, oozing with vitriol; however, these features are not unique to the sirventes, so a piece can be positively identified as one only if its nature is explicitly stated in the text (which it often is) or the original piece it is based on has been preserved (which is also often the case: for a parody to work, it had to target a recognizable, therefore widely known, piece).

The first author known to have written a sirventes is Cercamon, the name of the genre was first mentioned by Marcoat, and the most famous practitioner of it was Bertran de Born; Peire de Vic was also known for his sirventes, but only one has survived to this day.

Examples

Most major troubadours have written at least one sirventes; well-known examples include:

  • Leus sonetz by Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, a political piece built on the structure of Giraut de Bornelh's Los apleiz and using the same rhymes as the original
  • Un sirventes vuelh far dels auls glotos by Peire Cardenal, one of many criticizing simony
  • Ben grans avoleza intra by Bertran de Born; this is built on the structure of Arnaut Daniel's famous sestina, Lo ferm voler qu'el cor m'intra, and uses all the same end-words as the original.
  • Cansoneta leu e plana by Guilhem de Berguedan, one of a cycle devoted to personal attacks against Pons de Mataplana
  • Pos Peire d'Alvernh' a chantat by Peire de Vic, built on the meter (but not the rhymes) of Cantarai d'aqestz trobadors by Peire d'Alvernha, is an important source about 12th century troubadours, many of whom it makes fun of.

Legacy

The sirventes, called sirventesch in early Catalan, was imported into that language in the fourteenth century, and it developed into a unique didactic/moralistic type.

It also spread to Northern France, and became known as serventois in langue d'oïl. Dalfin je us voill desrenier by Richard I of England is a notable example of a sirventes written in Old French.[2][3]

References

  1. ^ Audiau, Jean (1923). La pastourelle dans la poésie occitane du Moyen Âge. Paris: E. De Boccard. p. 6.
  2. ^ "Richard I the Lionheart". Dictionary of music (in French). Larousse. 2005.
  3. ^ Gillingham, John (2002). Richard I. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09404-6.

External links

sirventes, this, article, should, specify, language, english, content, using, lang, transliteration, transliterated, languages, phonetic, transcriptions, with, appropriate, code, wikipedia, multilingual, support, templates, also, used, september, 2021, sirvent. This article should specify the language of its non English content using lang transliteration for transliterated languages and IPA for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate ISO 639 code Wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used See why September 2021 The sirventes or serventes Old Occitan siɾvenˈtes sometimes translated as service song was a genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry practiced by the troubadours The name comes from sirvent serviceman from whose perspective the song is allegedly written Sirventes usually possibly always took the form of parodies borrowing the melody metrical structure and often even the rhymes of a well known piece to address a controversial subject often a current event The original piece was usually a canso but there are sirventes written as contrafacta of at least sestinas and pastorelas 1 They were always opinionated being either highly complimentary or more often oozing with vitriol however these features are not unique to the sirventes so a piece can be positively identified as one only if its nature is explicitly stated in the text which it often is or the original piece it is based on has been preserved which is also often the case for a parody to work it had to target a recognizable therefore widely known piece The first author known to have written a sirventes is Cercamon the name of the genre was first mentioned by Marcoat and the most famous practitioner of it was Bertran de Born Peire de Vic was also known for his sirventes but only one has survived to this day Contents 1 Examples 2 Legacy 3 References 4 External linksExamples EditMost major troubadours have written at least one sirventes well known examples include Leus sonetz by Raimbaut de Vaqueiras a political piece built on the structure of Giraut de Bornelh s Los apleiz and using the same rhymes as the original Un sirventes vuelh far dels auls glotos by Peire Cardenal one of many criticizing simony Ben grans avoleza intra by Bertran de Born this is built on the structure of Arnaut Daniel s famous sestina Lo ferm voler qu el cor m intra and uses all the same end words as the original Cansoneta leu e plana by Guilhem de Berguedan one of a cycle devoted to personal attacks against Pons de Mataplana Pos Peire d Alvernh a chantat by Peire de Vic built on the meter but not the rhymes of Cantarai d aqestz trobadors by Peire d Alvernha is an important source about 12th century troubadours many of whom it makes fun of Legacy EditThe sirventes called sirventesch in early Catalan was imported into that language in the fourteenth century and it developed into a unique didactic moralistic type It also spread to Northern France and became known as serventois in langue d oil Dalfin je us voill desrenier by Richard I of England is a notable example of a sirventes written in Old French 2 3 References Edit Audiau Jean 1923 La pastourelle dans la poesie occitane du Moyen Age Paris E De Boccard p 6 Richard I the Lionheart Dictionary of music in French Larousse 2005 Gillingham John 2002 Richard I London Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 09404 6 External links Edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sirventes amp oldid 1103178800, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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