For other people named Pier Crescenzi, see Pier Crescenzi.
Pietro de' Crescenzi (c. 1230/35 – c. 1320), Latin: 'Petrus de Crescentiis', was a Bolognesejurist,[1] now remembered for his writings on horticulture and agriculture, the Ruralia commoda.[2] There are many variant spellings of his name.[3]
Nineteenth-century engraved portrait of de' Crescenzi after Antonio Muzzi
Pietro de' Crescenzi was born in Bologna in about 1235; the only evidence for his date of birth is the annotation "septuagenarian" in the Ruralia commoda, dated with some certainty between 1304 and 1309. He was educated at the University of Bologna in logic, medicine, the natural sciences and law, but did not take his doctorate. Crescenzi practiced as a lawyer and judge from about 1269 until 1299, travelling widely in Italy in the course of his work.
In January 1274 he married Geraldina de' Castagnoli, with whom he had at least five children. She died in or shortly after December 1287. In January 1289 he married Antonia de' Nascentori, with whom he also had several children.[4]
After his retirement in 1290 he divided his time between Bologna and his country estate, the Villa dell'Olmo outside the walls of Bologna. During this time he wrote the Ruralia commoda, an agricultural treatise based largely on classical and medieval sources (mostly Albertus Magnus), as well as his own experience as a landowner.[4][5]
It is not known when de' Crescenzi died. His last will is dated 23 June 1320; a legal document dated 20 February 1321 describes him as dead, at the age of almost ninety.[4]
The Ruralia commodaEdit
The Ruralia commoda, sometimes known as the Liber ruralium commodorum ("book of rural benefits"), was completed some time between 1304 and 1309, and was dedicated to Charles II of Naples.[6] King Charles V of France ordered a French translation in 1373. In 1471 it was printed in Latin for the first time, in Augsburg and Strasbourg. After circulating in numerous manuscript copies, Crescenzi's treatise became the first printed modern text on agriculture when it was published in Augsburg by Johann Schüssler in 1471.[7] Some 57 editions in Latin, Italian, French, and German appeared during the following century,[8] as did two editions in Polish.[4]
SectionsEdit
The structure and content of the Ruralia commoda is substantially based on the De re rustica of Columella, written in the first century AD,[1] even though this work was not available to de' Crescenzi, and was known only in fragments until a complete version was discovered in a monastery library by Poggio Bracciolini during the Council of Constance, between 1414 and 1418. While de' Crescenzi cites Columella twelve times, all the citations are indirect, and taken from the Opus agriculturae of Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius.[4] Like the De re rustica of Columella, the Ruralia commoda is divided into 12 parts:[1]
Siting and layout of a manor, villa or farm, considering climate, winds, and water supply; also the duties of the head of the estate
Botanical properties of plants and horticultural techniques
Agriculture of cereals and building of a granary
Vines and winemaking
Arboriculture—trees useful for food and medicine
Horticulture—plants useful for food and medicine
Management of meadows and woodland
Pleasure gardens
Animal husbandry and bee keeping
Hunting and fishing
General summary
Monthly calendar of tasks
LegacyEdit
Crescenzi was so well known his name was used to advertise books as late as 1602. He also inspired a genre of German literature called Hausväterliteratur ('reading for the father of the family'), practical guides about crop husbandry, gardening, cattle breeding, hunting, etiquette, and so on for peasant farmers . Books in this genre were published into the 19th century.[5]
^ abcRobert G. Calkins, "Piero de' Crescenzi and the Medieval Garden", in Medieval Gardens, ed. Elisabeth B. MacDougall, Dumbarton Oaks, 1986: 155–173. Selected pages at Google Books
^. History of Horticulture. The Ohio State University. Archived 17 May 2011.
^Petrus de Crescentius, Petrus Crescentiensis, Peter de Crescentiis, Pietro dei Crescenzi, Pietro de Crescenzi, Pietro de Crescenzi, Pier de' Crescenzi, Pier de Crescenzi, Pier Crescenzi, Piero Crescientio, Piero de Crescenzi, Piero de' Crescenzi.
^ abcdePierre Toubert (1984). Crescenzi, Pietro de' (in Italian). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 30. Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. Accessed October 2013.
^ abZadoks, J.C. (2013). Crop protection in medieval agriculture. Studies in pre-modern organic agriculture. Leiden: Sidestone. p. 333. ISBN9789088901874. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
^Johanna Bauman, "Tradition and Transformation: the Pleasure Garden in Piero de' Crescenzi's Liber Ruralium Commodorum", Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes (2002): 99–141.
^Petrus de Crescentius (16 February 1471). Ruralia commoda (in Latin). [Augsburg]: Johannes Schüssler. Accessed June 2011.
^Frank J. Anderson, An Illustrated History of the Herbals, New York, 1977. Selected pages at Google Books
External linksEdit
Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries 2013-05-14 at the Wayback Machine High resolution images of works by Pietro Crescenzi in .jpg and .tiff format.
pietro, crescenzi, other, people, named, pier, crescenzi, pier, crescenzi, 1230, 1320, latin, petrus, crescentiis, bolognese, jurist, remembered, writings, horticulture, agriculture, ruralia, commoda, there, many, variant, spellings, name, nineteenth, century,. For other people named Pier Crescenzi see Pier Crescenzi Pietro de Crescenzi c 1230 35 c 1320 Latin Petrus de Crescentiis was a Bolognese jurist 1 now remembered for his writings on horticulture and agriculture the Ruralia commoda 2 There are many variant spellings of his name 3 Nineteenth century engraved portrait of de Crescenzi after Antonio MuzziBornc 1230 35BolognaDiedc 1320BolognaResting placeBasilica di San Domenico BolognaOccupationjurist writerLanguageItalian LatinCitizenshipBologneseNotable worksRuralia commodaSpouseGeraldina de CastagnoliAntonia de NascentoriFrontispiece of the De agricultura in the vernacular edition of Matteo Capcasa printed in Venice in 1495 jpgPart of the Crescenzi calendar Contents 1 Life 2 The Ruralia commoda 2 1 Sections 3 Legacy 4 See also 5 References and notes 6 External linksLife EditPietro de Crescenzi was born in Bologna in about 1235 the only evidence for his date of birth is the annotation septuagenarian in the Ruralia commoda dated with some certainty between 1304 and 1309 He was educated at the University of Bologna in logic medicine the natural sciences and law but did not take his doctorate Crescenzi practiced as a lawyer and judge from about 1269 until 1299 travelling widely in Italy in the course of his work In January 1274 he married Geraldina de Castagnoli with whom he had at least five children She died in or shortly after December 1287 In January 1289 he married Antonia de Nascentori with whom he also had several children 4 After his retirement in 1290 he divided his time between Bologna and his country estate the Villa dell Olmo outside the walls of Bologna During this time he wrote the Ruralia commoda an agricultural treatise based largely on classical and medieval sources mostly Albertus Magnus as well as his own experience as a landowner 4 5 It is not known when de Crescenzi died His last will is dated 23 June 1320 a legal document dated 20 February 1321 describes him as dead at the age of almost ninety 4 The Ruralia commoda EditThe Ruralia commoda sometimes known as the Liber ruralium commodorum book of rural benefits was completed some time between 1304 and 1309 and was dedicated to Charles II of Naples 6 King Charles V of France ordered a French translation in 1373 In 1471 it was printed in Latin for the first time in Augsburg and Strasbourg After circulating in numerous manuscript copies Crescenzi s treatise became the first printed modern text on agriculture when it was published in Augsburg by Johann Schussler in 1471 7 Some 57 editions in Latin Italian French and German appeared during the following century 8 as did two editions in Polish 4 Sections Edit The structure and content of the Ruralia commoda is substantially based on the De re rustica of Columella written in the first century AD 1 even though this work was not available to de Crescenzi and was known only in fragments until a complete version was discovered in a monastery library by Poggio Bracciolini during the Council of Constance between 1414 and 1418 While de Crescenzi cites Columella twelve times all the citations are indirect and taken from the Opus agriculturae of Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius 4 Like the De re rustica of Columella the Ruralia commoda is divided into 12 parts 1 Siting and layout of a manor villa or farm considering climate winds and water supply also the duties of the head of the estate Botanical properties of plants and horticultural techniques Agriculture of cereals and building of a granary Vines and winemaking Arboriculture trees useful for food and medicine Horticulture plants useful for food and medicine Management of meadows and woodland Pleasure gardens Animal husbandry and bee keeping Hunting and fishing General summary Monthly calendar of tasksLegacy EditCrescenzi was so well known his name was used to advertise books as late as 1602 He also inspired a genre of German literature called Hausvaterliteratur reading for the father of the family practical guides about crop husbandry gardening cattle breeding hunting etiquette and so on for peasant farmers Books in this genre were published into the 19th century 5 See also EditHistory of agricultureReferences and notes Edit a b c Robert G Calkins Piero de Crescenzi and the Medieval Garden in Medieval Gardens ed Elisabeth B MacDougall Dumbarton Oaks 1986 155 173 Selected pages at Google Books Crescenzi Pietro 14th Century History of Horticulture The Ohio State University Archived 17 May 2011 Petrus de Crescentius Petrus Crescentiensis Peter de Crescentiis Pietro dei Crescenzi Pietro de Crescenzi Pietro de Crescenzi Pier de Crescenzi Pier de Crescenzi Pier Crescenzi Piero Crescientio Piero de Crescenzi Piero de Crescenzi a b c d e Pierre Toubert 1984 Crescenzi Pietro de in Italian Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 30 Rome Istituto dell Enciclopedia Italiana Accessed October 2013 a b Zadoks J C 2013 Crop protection in medieval agriculture Studies in pre modern organic agriculture Leiden Sidestone p 333 ISBN 9789088901874 Retrieved 2022 05 08 Johanna Bauman Tradition and Transformation the Pleasure Garden in Piero de Crescenzi s Liber Ruralium Commodorum Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes 2002 99 141 Petrus de Crescentius 16 February 1471 Ruralia commoda in Latin Augsburg Johannes Schussler Accessed June 2011 Frank J Anderson An Illustrated History of the Herbals New York 1977 Selected pages at Google BooksExternal links EditOnline Galleries History of Science Collections University of Oklahoma Libraries Archived 2013 05 14 at the Wayback Machine High resolution images of works by Pietro Crescenzi in jpg and tiff format Bibliography and works on line http architectura cesr univ tours fr Traite Auteur Crescenzi asp param en Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pietro de 27 Crescenzi amp oldid 1151972000, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
