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Philip Sclater

May 19, 2023

"Sclater" redirects here. For other uses, see Sclater (disambiguation).

Philip Lutley Sclater FRS FRGS FZS FLS (4 November 1829 – 27 June 1913) was an English lawyer and zoologist.[2][3] In zoology, he was an expert ornithologist, and identified the main zoogeographic regions of the world. He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London for 42 years, from 1860 to 1902.

Philip Lutley Sclater
Philip Lutley Sclater
Born(1829-11-04)4 November 1829
Tangier Park, Wootton St Lawrence, Hampshire
Died27 June 1913(1913-06-27) (aged 83)
Odiham,[1] Hampshire
EducationWinchester College
Alma materCorpus Christi College, Oxford
Occupation(s)Lawyer, zoologist
ChildrenWilliam Lutley Sclater Jnr.
ParentWilliam Lutley Sclater

Early life

Sclater was born at Tangier Park, in Wootton St Lawrence, Hampshire, where his father William Lutley Sclater had a country house. George Sclater-Booth, 1st Baron Basing was Philip's elder brother. Philip grew up at Hoddington House where he took an early interest in birds. He was educated in school at Twyford and at thirteen went to Winchester College and later Corpus Christi College, Oxford[4] where he studied scientific ornithology under Hugh Edwin Strickland.

In 1851 he began to study law and was admitted a Fellow of Corpus Christi College. In 1856 he travelled to America and visited Lake Superior and the upper St. Croix River, canoeing down it to the Mississippi. Sclater wrote about this in "Illustrated travels". In Philadelphia he met Spencer Baird, John Cassin and Joseph Leidy at the Academy of Natural Sciences. After returning to England, he practised law for several years and attended meetings of the Zoological Society of London.

Career

In 1858, Sclater published a paper in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, setting up six zoological regions which he called the Palaearctic, Aethiopian, Indian, Australasian, Nearctic, and Neotropical. These zoogeographic regions are still in use. He also developed the theory of Lemuria during 1864 to explain zoological coincidences relating Madagascar to India.

In 1874 he became private secretary to his brother George Sclater-Booth, MP (later Lord Basing). He was offered a permanent position in civil service but he declined. In 1875, he became President of the Biological Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science,[5] which he joined in 1847 as a member. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1873.[6]

Sclater was the founder and first editor of The Ibis, the journal of the British Ornithologists' Union. He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1860 to 1902. He was briefly succeeded by his son, before the Council of the Society made a long-term appointment.

In 1901 he described the okapi to western scientists although he never saw one alive. His office at 11 Hanover Square became a meeting place for all naturalists in London. Travellers and residents shared notes with him and he corresponded with thousands.

His collection of birds grew to nine thousand and these he transferred to the British Museum in 1886. At around the same time the museum was augmented by the collections of Gould, Salvin and Godman, Hume, and others to become the largest in the world. Among Sclater's more important books were Exotic Ornithology (1866–69) and Nomenclator Avium (1873), both with Osbert Salvin; Argentine Ornithology (1888–89), with W.H. Hudson; and The Book of Antelopes (1894–1900) with Oldfield Thomas.

In June 1901 he received an honorary doctorate of Science (D.Sc.) from the University of Oxford.[7]

Family

On 16 October 1862 Sclater married Jane Anne Eliza Hunter Blair, daughter of Sir David Hunter-Blair, 3rd Baronet; the couple had a daughter and four sons.[8] Their eldest son, William Lutley Sclater, was also an ornithologist. Their third son, Captain Guy Lutley Sclater, died on 26 November 1914, aged 45, in the accidental explosion that sank HMS Bulwark. Philip Sclater is buried in Odiham Cemetery.[9]

Animals named after Sclater

Although eclipsed by his contemporaries (like Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace), Sclater may be considered as a precursor of biogeography and even pattern cladistics. For instance he writes in 1858 that "...little or no attention is given to the fact that two or more of these given geographical divisions may have much closer relations to each other than to any third ...".[11]

Animals named by Sclater

Selected publications

  • "On the General Geographical Distribution of the Members of the Class Aves". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology. 2 (7): 130–136. 1858. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1858.tb02549.x.
  • Catalogue of a collection of American birds. N. Trubner and Co. 1862.
  • List of the vertebrated animals now or lately living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London. Printed for the Society; etc., etc. 1862. 7th edition. Printed for the Society. 1879.
  • Report on the birds collected during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873–1876. [Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Zoology] ;pt. 8. Printed for H.M.S.O. and sold by Longmans. 1880.
  • Monograph on the jacamars and puff-birds. 1882.
  • Argentine ornithology. A descriptive catalogue of the birds of the Argentine Republic. R. H. Porter. (2 vols. 1888–1889)
  • The geographical distribution of birds; an address delivered before the Second International Ornithological Congress at Budapest, May 1891. 1891.
  • with Oldfield Thomas: The book of antelopes. (4 vols. 1894–1900); volume 4. 1894.
  • with William Lutley Sclater: Geography of mammals. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & co. 1899.[12]

Notes

  1. ^ "Philip Lutley Sclater." In: Ornithologisches Jahrbuch. Vol. 24, 1913, p. 239.
  2. ^ "SCLATER, Philip Lutley". Who's Who. Vol. 59. 1907. p. 1568.
  3. ^ Goode, GB (4 September 1896). "Philip Lutley Sclater". Science. New Series, Vol. IV (88): 293–298. Bibcode:1896Sci.....4..293B. doi:10.1126/science.4.88.293. PMID 17839782.
  4. ^ "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Sclater, Philip Lutley (1829–1913), zoologist. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. pp. ref:odnb/38295. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38295. Retrieved 10 January 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  5. ^ Sclater, Philip (20 April 1876). "On the Present State of Our Knowledge of Geographical Zoology". Nature. 13 (338): 482–43. Bibcode:1876Natur..13..482.. doi:10.1038/013482a0. S2CID 30265760.
  6. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  7. ^ "University intelligence". The Times. No. 36487. London. 21 June 1901. p. 11.
  8. ^ Foster, Joseph (1881). The baronetage and knightage. Nichols and Sons. pp. 333–334.
  9. ^ "Captain Guy Lutley Sclater | War Casualty Details".
  10. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Sclater", p. 239).
  11. ^ Sclater, Philip Lutley (1858). "On the general geographical distribution of the members of the class Aves". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2 (7): 130–145. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1858.tb02549.x.
  12. ^ Harvie-Brown, John Alexander; Trail, James William Helenus; Clarke, William Eagle (1900). "Review of The Geography of Mammals by William Lutley Sclater and Philip Lutley Sclater". Annals of Scottish Natural History. 9: 133.

References

  • Obituary. The Ibis 1913:642–686
  • Elliot, D. G. In memoriam. Auk 1914:31(1–12)

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Philip Lutley Sclater.
Preceded by Secretary of the Zoological Society of London
1860–1902 		Succeeded by

May 19, 2023
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Sclater redirects here For other uses see Sclater disambiguation Philip Lutley Sclater FRS FRGS FZS FLS 4 November 1829 27 June 1913 was an English lawyer and zoologist 2 3 In zoology he was an expert ornithologist and identified the main zoogeographic regions of the world He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London for 42 years from 1860 to 1902 Philip Lutley SclaterPhilip Lutley SclaterBorn 1829 11 04 4 November 1829Tangier Park Wootton St Lawrence HampshireDied27 June 1913 1913 06 27 aged 83 Odiham 1 HampshireEducationWinchester CollegeAlma materCorpus Christi College OxfordOccupation s Lawyer zoologistChildrenWilliam Lutley Sclater Jnr ParentWilliam Lutley Sclater Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Family 4 Animals named after Sclater 5 Animals named by Sclater 6 Selected publications 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksEarly life EditSclater was born at Tangier Park in Wootton St Lawrence Hampshire where his father William Lutley Sclater had a country house George Sclater Booth 1st Baron Basing was Philip s elder brother Philip grew up at Hoddington House where he took an early interest in birds He was educated in school at Twyford and at thirteen went to Winchester College and later Corpus Christi College Oxford 4 where he studied scientific ornithology under Hugh Edwin Strickland In 1851 he began to study law and was admitted a Fellow of Corpus Christi College In 1856 he travelled to America and visited Lake Superior and the upper St Croix River canoeing down it to the Mississippi Sclater wrote about this in Illustrated travels In Philadelphia he met Spencer Baird John Cassin and Joseph Leidy at the Academy of Natural Sciences After returning to England he practised law for several years and attended meetings of the Zoological Society of London Career EditIn 1858 Sclater published a paper in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society setting up six zoological regions which he called the Palaearctic Aethiopian Indian Australasian Nearctic and Neotropical These zoogeographic regions are still in use He also developed the theory of Lemuria during 1864 to explain zoological coincidences relating Madagascar to India In 1874 he became private secretary to his brother George Sclater Booth MP later Lord Basing He was offered a permanent position in civil service but he declined In 1875 he became President of the Biological Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 5 which he joined in 1847 as a member He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1873 6 Sclater was the founder and first editor of The Ibis the journal of the British Ornithologists Union He was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1860 to 1902 He was briefly succeeded by his son before the Council of the Society made a long term appointment In 1901 he described the okapi to western scientists although he never saw one alive His office at 11 Hanover Square became a meeting place for all naturalists in London Travellers and residents shared notes with him and he corresponded with thousands His collection of birds grew to nine thousand and these he transferred to the British Museum in 1886 At around the same time the museum was augmented by the collections of Gould Salvin and Godman Hume and others to become the largest in the world Among Sclater s more important books were Exotic Ornithology 1866 69 and Nomenclator Avium 1873 both with Osbert Salvin Argentine Ornithology 1888 89 with W H Hudson and The Book of Antelopes 1894 1900 with Oldfield Thomas In June 1901 he received an honorary doctorate of Science D Sc from the University of Oxford 7 Family EditOn 16 October 1862 Sclater married Jane Anne Eliza Hunter Blair daughter of Sir David Hunter Blair 3rd Baronet the couple had a daughter and four sons 8 Their eldest son William Lutley Sclater was also an ornithologist Their third son Captain Guy Lutley Sclater died on 26 November 1914 aged 45 in the accidental explosion that sank HMS Bulwark Philip Sclater is buried in Odiham Cemetery 9 Animals named after Sclater EditSclater s lemur Eulemur flavifrons Dusky billed parrotlet the name Psittacula sclateri Gray 1859 is currently viewed as a subspecies of Forpus modestus Cabanis 1848 Sclater s monal Lopophorus sclateri Erect crested penguin Eudyptes sclateri Ecuadorian cacique Cacicus sclateri Mexican chickadee Poecile sclateri Bay vented cotinga Doliornis sclateri Sclater s antwren Myrmotherula sclateri Sclater s lark Spizocorys sclateri Sclater s cassowary Casuarius sclateri now usually considered con specific with the Dwarf Cassowary Colombian longtail snake Enuliophis sclateri 10 Although eclipsed by his contemporaries like Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace Sclater may be considered as a precursor of biogeography and even pattern cladistics For instance he writes in 1858 that little or no attention is given to the fact that two or more of these given geographical divisions may have much closer relations to each other than to any third 11 Animals named by Sclater EditL Hoest s monkey Long eared jerboa OkapiSelected publications Edit On the General Geographical Distribution of the Members of the Class Aves Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London Zoology 2 7 130 136 1858 doi 10 1111 j 1096 3642 1858 tb02549 x Catalogue of a collection of American birds N Trubner and Co 1862 List of the vertebrated animals now or lately living in the gardens of the Zoological Society of London Printed for the Society etc etc 1862 7th edition Printed for the Society 1879 Report on the birds collected during the voyage of H M S Challenger in the years 1873 1876 Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H M S Challenger during the years 1873 76 Zoology pt 8 Printed for H M S O and sold by Longmans 1880 Monograph on the jacamars and puff birds 1882 Argentine ornithology A descriptive catalogue of the birds of the Argentine Republic R H Porter 2 vols 1888 1889 The geographical distribution of birds an address delivered before the Second International Ornithological Congress at Budapest May 1891 1891 with Oldfield Thomas The book of antelopes 4 vols 1894 1900 volume 4 1894 with William Lutley Sclater Geography of mammals K Paul Trench Trubner amp co 1899 12 Notes Edit Philip Lutley Sclater In Ornithologisches Jahrbuch Vol 24 1913 p 239 SCLATER Philip Lutley Who s Who Vol 59 1907 p 1568 Goode GB 4 September 1896 Philip Lutley Sclater Science New Series Vol IV 88 293 298 Bibcode 1896Sci 4 293B doi 10 1126 science 4 88 293 PMID 17839782 The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Sclater Philip Lutley 1829 1913 zoologist Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 2004 pp ref odnb 38295 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 38295 Retrieved 10 January 2015 Subscription or UK public library membership required Sclater Philip 20 April 1876 On the Present State of Our Knowledge of Geographical Zoology Nature 13 338 482 43 Bibcode 1876Natur 13 482 doi 10 1038 013482a0 S2CID 30265760 APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved 3 May 2021 University intelligence The Times No 36487 London 21 June 1901 p 11 Foster Joseph 1881 The baronetage and knightage Nichols and Sons pp 333 334 Captain Guy Lutley Sclater War Casualty Details Beolens Bo Watkins Michael Grayson Michael 2011 The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press xiii 296 pp ISBN 978 1 4214 0135 5 Sclater p 239 Sclater Philip Lutley 1858 On the general geographical distribution of the members of the class Aves Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2 7 130 145 doi 10 1111 j 1096 3642 1858 tb02549 x Harvie Brown John Alexander Trail James William Helenus Clarke William Eagle 1900 Review of The Geography of Mammals by William Lutley Sclater and Philip Lutley Sclater Annals of Scottish Natural History 9 133 References EditObituary The Ibis 1913 642 686 Elliot D G In memoriam Auk 1914 31 1 12 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Philip Lutley Sclater Works by or about Philip Lutley Sclater at Wikisource Works by Philip Sclater at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Philip Sclater at Internet ArchivePreceded byDavid William Mitchell Secretary of the Zoological Society of London1860 1902 Succeeded byPeter Chalmers Mitchell Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Philip Sclater amp oldid 1148936075, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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