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Philip Abelson

November 10, 2023

Philip Hauge Abelson (April 27, 1913 – August 1, 2004) was an American physicist, scientific editor and science writer. Trained as a nuclear physicist, he co-discovered the element neptunium, worked on isotope separation in the Manhattan Project, and wrote the first study of nuclear marine propulsion for submarines. He later worked on a broad range of scientific topics and related public policy, including organic geochemistry, paleobiology and energy policy.

Philip Abelson
Philip Abelson
BornApril 27, 1913
Tacoma, Washington, United States
DiedAugust 1, 2004 (aged 91)
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
NationalityAmerican
Alma materWashington State University
University of California, Berkeley
Known forDiscovery of neptunium, isotope separation techniques
AwardsKalinga Prize (1972)
National Medal of Science (1987)
Public Welfare Medal (1992)
Vannevar Bush Award (1996)
Scientific career
FieldsNuclear physics

Abelson served as editor-in-chief of the journal Science from 1962–84, president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington from 1971–78, and president of the American Geophysical Union from 1972-74. His frequent editorials in Science, both during and after his term as editor, became known for their strident and thought-provoking views. A collection of 100 of his editorials was published as a book, entitled Enough of Pessimism. He may have been the original source of the phrase 'extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence'.

Life edit

Abelson was born on April 27, 1913,[1] in Tacoma, Washington. He attended Washington State University, where he received degrees in chemistry and physics, and the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), where he earned his PhD in nuclear physics. As a young physicist, he worked for Ernest Lawrence at the UC Berkeley. He was among the first American scientists to verify nuclear fission in an article submitted to the Physical Review in February 1939.[2] From 1939 until 1941, he worked as an assistant physicist at the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C. It was while he was here that he worked on a substance that emitted beta rays and was produced by irradiation of uranium with neutrons. After he collaborated with the Nobel Prize laureate Luis Alvarez they isolated the material, and became the co-discoverer of neptunium on 8 June 1940 with Edwin McMillan.[1] McMillan was awarded the Nobel Prize for this discovery among other elements.

Abelson was a key contributor to the Manhattan Project during World War II, while working with the Naval Research Laboratory.[1] Although he was not formally associated with the atom bomb project, the liquid thermal diffusion isotope separation technique that he invented at the Philadelphia Navy Yard was used in the S-50 plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and proved a critical step in creating the large amount of nuclear fuel required for building atomic bombs.

After the war, he turned his attention under the guidance of Ross Gunn to applying nuclear power to naval propulsion. While not written at an engineering-design level, he wrote the first physics report detailing how a nuclear reactor could be installed in a submarine, providing both propulsion and electrical power. His report anticipated the nuclear submarine's role as a missile platform. This concept was later supported by Admiral Hyman G. Rickover and others. Under Rickover, the concept became reality in the form of USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear submarine.[3]

In 1946, he returned to work at the Carnegie Institution, which published his report "Atomic Energy Submarine," in March of that year.[4] From 1953 until 1971 he served as the director of the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Geophysical Laboratory, and as president from 1971 to 1978, and as a trustee from 1978 on.[1] From 1962 to 1984 he was editor of Science, one of the most prestigious academic journals, and served as its acting executive officer in 1974, 1975 and 1984. From 1972 until 1974 he served as the president of the American Geophysical Union.

Abelson was outspoken and well known for his opinions on science. In a 1964 editorial published in Science magazine, Abelson identified overspecialization in science as a form of bigotry. He outlined his view that the pressure towards specialization beginning in undergraduate study and intensifying in PhD programs leads students to believe that their area of specialization is the most important, even to the extreme view that other intellectual pursuits are worthless. He reasoned that such overspecialization led to obsolescence of one's work, often through a focus on trivial aspects of a field, and that avoidance of such bigotry was essential to guiding the direction of one's work.[5]

In a 1965 article he described his work in paleobiology and reported evidence of amino acids recovered from fossils hundreds of millions of years in age and fatty acids in rocks dating over a billion years old.[1] He estimated that based on his experiments alanine would be stable for billions of years. [6]

Abelson may have been the original source of the phrase 'extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence', which he used in 1978 and was subsequently popularised by Carl Sagan.[7][8][9]

Perhaps his most famous work from this time period is an editorial entitled "Enough of Pessimism" ("enough of pessimism, it only leads to paralysis and decay"). This became the title of a 100 essay collection.[10]

During the 1970s he became interested in the problem of world energy supplies. Books on the topic include Energy for Tomorrow (1975), from a series of lectures at the University of Washington, and Energy II: Use Conservation and Supply. He pointed out the possibilities of mining the Athabascan tar sands, as well as oil shale in the Colorado Rockies. In addition, he urged conservation and a change of attitude towards public transit.[11]

After 1984, he remained associated with the magazine. Some have claimed him to be an early skeptic of the case for global warming on the basis of a lead editorial in the magazine dated March 31, 1990, in which he wrote, "[I]f the global warming situation is analyzed applying the customary standards of scientific inquiry one must conclude that there has been more hype than solid fact." However, this contrasts what is said in a US National Research Council, Energy and Environment report on which his name appears along with Thomas F. Malone over a decade earlier in 1977:

What is important is not that there are differences [in the models] but that the span of agreement embraces a fourfold to eightfold increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the latter part of the twenty-second century. Our best understanding of the relation between an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and change in global temperature suggests a corresponding increase in average world temperature of more than 6°C, with polar temperature increases of as much as three times this figure. This would exceed by far the temperature fluctuations of the past several thousand years and would very likely, along the way, have a highly significant impact on global precipitation.

— Philip H. Abelson, Thomas F. Malone, Cochairmen, Geophysics Study Committee[12]

Abelson died on August 1, 2004, from respiratory complications following a brief illness. He was married to Neva Abelson, a distinguished research physician who co-discovered the Rh blood factor test (with L. K. Diamond). Their daughter, Ellen Abelson Cherniavsky, worked as an aviation researcher for the MITRE corporation in Virginia.

Awards and legacy edit

Abelson received many distinguished awards, including the National Medal of Science in 1987,[13] the National Science Foundation's Distinguished Achievement Award, the American Medical Association's Scientific Achievement Award, the Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Medal and the Waldo E. Smith Medal in 1988. In 1992 he was awarded the Public Welfare Medal, the National Academy of Sciences's highest honor.[14] He was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 1949[15] and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1958.[16] He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1961.[17]

The mineral abelsonite is named after Abelson in recognition of his contribution to organic geochemistry.[18]

The Philip and Neva Abelson Hall at Washington State University was named in his honor.[19]

The AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize is named after Philip Abelson.

Bibliography edit

  • "The International Society of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology International Achievement Award". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 21 (2): 325. 1995. doi:10.1006/rtph.1995.1046. PMID 7644722.
  • Abelson, PH (1994). "Need for Enhanced Nuclear Safeguards". Science. 263 (5153): 1543. Bibcode:1994Sci...263.1543A. doi:10.1126/science.263.5153.1543. PMID 17744766.
  • Abelson, PH (1988). "Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuels in Nevada". Science. 239 (4838): 333. Bibcode:1988Sci...239..333A. doi:10.1126/science.239.4838.333. PMID 17836854.
  • Abelson, PH (1982). "Efforts to Decrease Nuclear Tensions". Science. 218 (4571): 427. Bibcode:1982Sci...218..427A. doi:10.1126/science.218.4571.427. PMID 17808527.
  • Abelson, PH (1976). "Glamorous Nuclear Fusion". Science. 193 (4250): 279. Bibcode:1976Sci...193..279A. doi:10.1126/science.193.4250.279. PMID 17745713.
  • Abelson, PH (1976). "A Global Rush Toward Nuclear Energy". Science. 191 (4230): 901. Bibcode:1976Sci...191..901A. doi:10.1126/science.191.4230.901. PMID 17792689.
  • Abelson, PH (1968). "Nuclear Power--Rosy Optimism and Harsh Reality". Science. 161 (3837): 113. Bibcode:1968Sci...161..113A. doi:10.1126/science.161.3837.113. PMID 17770587.
  • Abelson, PH (1966). "Factors Favoring Nuclear Power". Science. 152 (3723): 703. Bibcode:1966Sci...152..703A. doi:10.1126/science.152.3723.703. PMID 17797430.
  • Abelson, PH (1964). "Conventional versus Nuclear Power". Science. 146 (3645): 719. Bibcode:1964Sci...146..721A. doi:10.1126/science.146.3645.719. PMID 17729992.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abelson, Philip Hauge". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  2. ^ Philip Abelson (1939). "Cleavage of the Uranium Nucleus". Physical Review. 55 (4): 418. Bibcode:1939PhRv...55..418A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.55.418.
  3. ^ "NRL History - Phil Abelson The Atomic Age". U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved 2022-09-24.
  4. ^ "Underway on Nuclear Power" -- The Man Behind the Words: Eugene P. "Dennis" Wilkinson, Vice Admiral USN. The American Nuclear Society.
  5. ^ Philip H. Abelson (1964). "Bigotry in Science". Science. 144 (3617): 1964. Bibcode:1964Sci...144..371A. doi:10.1126/science.144.3617.371. PMID 17799957.
  6. ^ Philip Abelson (1965). "Paleobiochemistry". Scientific American. 195 (1): 83–92. Bibcode:1956SciAm.195a..83A. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0756-83.
  7. ^ Sagan, Carl (December 14, 1980). "Encyclopaedia Galactica". Cosmos: A Personal Voyage. Episode 12. 01:24 minutes in. PBS.
  8. ^ . U.S. News & World Report. 1978-07-31. pp. 41–42. Archived from the original on January 21, 2017. Retrieved 2017-10-14. Philip H. Abelson, editor of the authoritative journal Science, agrees that parapsychological research has improved markedly, but he is dubious about the results. "These extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence," he contends.
  9. ^ Rao, K.R., 1978, Psi: Its place in nature. Journal of Parapsychology vol 42.
  10. ^ Philip H. Abelson (1985). Enough of Pessimism. American Association for the Advancement of Science. ISBN 0-87168-274-5.
  11. ^ Philip H. Abelson (1975). Energy for Tomorrow. University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-95413-2.
  12. ^ Energy and Climate: Studies in Geophysics (1977), National Research Council, Forward
  13. ^ National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science
  14. ^ "Public Welfare Award". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  15. ^ "APS Fellows archive". APS. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  16. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  17. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
  18. ^ Milton, Charles; Dwornik, Edward J.; Estep-Barnes, Patricia A.; Finkelman, Robert B.; Pabst, Adolf; Palmer, Susan (September–October 1978). "Abelsonite, Nickel Porphyrin: A New Mineral from the Green River Formation, Utah" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 63 (9–10): 930.
  19. ^ "Science Hall renamed for Philip, Neva Abelson". WSU NEWS. August 23, 2002. Retrieved 26 October 2017.

References edit

  • Kennedy, D (2004). "In memoriam. Philip Hauge Abelson, 1913–2004". Science. 305 (5685): 765. doi:10.1126/science.305.5685.765. PMID 15297640. S2CID 178700248.

Further reading edit

External links edit

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Philip Abelson.
  • 2002 Video Interview with Philip Abelson by Cynthia C. Kelly Voices of the Manhattan Project
  • 1965 Audio Interview with Philip Abelson by Stephane Groueff Voices of the Manhattan Project
  • Encyclopædia Britannica, Philip Abelson
  • "Cleavage of the Uranium Nucleus", Physical Review, Received February 3, 1939
  • Oral History interview transcript with Philip Abelson 19 June 2002, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
  • Oral History interview transcript with Philip Abelson 26 June 2002, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
  • Oral History interview transcript with Philip Abelson 2 July 2002, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives

November 10, 2023
philip, abelson, philip, hauge, abelson, april, 1913, august, 2004, american, physicist, scientific, editor, science, writer, trained, nuclear, physicist, discovered, element, neptunium, worked, isotope, separation, manhattan, project, wrote, first, study, nuc. Philip Hauge Abelson April 27 1913 August 1 2004 was an American physicist scientific editor and science writer Trained as a nuclear physicist he co discovered the element neptunium worked on isotope separation in the Manhattan Project and wrote the first study of nuclear marine propulsion for submarines He later worked on a broad range of scientific topics and related public policy including organic geochemistry paleobiology and energy policy Philip AbelsonPhilip AbelsonBornApril 27 1913Tacoma Washington United StatesDiedAugust 1 2004 aged 91 Bethesda Maryland United StatesNationalityAmericanAlma materWashington State UniversityUniversity of California BerkeleyKnown forDiscovery of neptunium isotope separation techniquesAwardsKalinga Prize 1972 National Medal of Science 1987 Public Welfare Medal 1992 Vannevar Bush Award 1996 Scientific careerFieldsNuclear physicsAbelson served as editor in chief of the journal Science from 1962 84 president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington from 1971 78 and president of the American Geophysical Union from 1972 74 His frequent editorials in Science both during and after his term as editor became known for their strident and thought provoking views A collection of 100 of his editorials was published as a book entitled Enough of Pessimism He may have been the original source of the phrase extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence Contents 1 Life 2 Awards and legacy 3 Bibliography 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksLife editAbelson was born on April 27 1913 1 in Tacoma Washington He attended Washington State University where he received degrees in chemistry and physics and the University of California Berkeley UC Berkeley where he earned his PhD in nuclear physics As a young physicist he worked for Ernest Lawrence at the UC Berkeley He was among the first American scientists to verify nuclear fission in an article submitted to the Physical Review in February 1939 2 From 1939 until 1941 he worked as an assistant physicist at the Carnegie Institution in Washington D C It was while he was here that he worked on a substance that emitted beta rays and was produced by irradiation of uranium with neutrons After he collaborated with the Nobel Prize laureate Luis Alvarez they isolated the material and became the co discoverer of neptunium on 8 June 1940 with Edwin McMillan 1 McMillan was awarded the Nobel Prize for this discovery among other elements Abelson was a key contributor to the Manhattan Project during World War II while working with the Naval Research Laboratory 1 Although he was not formally associated with the atom bomb project the liquid thermal diffusion isotope separation technique that he invented at the Philadelphia Navy Yard was used in the S 50 plant in Oak Ridge Tennessee and proved a critical step in creating the large amount of nuclear fuel required for building atomic bombs After the war he turned his attention under the guidance of Ross Gunn to applying nuclear power to naval propulsion While not written at an engineering design level he wrote the first physics report detailing how a nuclear reactor could be installed in a submarine providing both propulsion and electrical power His report anticipated the nuclear submarine s role as a missile platform This concept was later supported by Admiral Hyman G Rickover and others Under Rickover the concept became reality in the form of USS Nautilus the world s first nuclear submarine 3 In 1946 he returned to work at the Carnegie Institution which published his report Atomic Energy Submarine in March of that year 4 From 1953 until 1971 he served as the director of the Carnegie Institution of Washington s Geophysical Laboratory and as president from 1971 to 1978 and as a trustee from 1978 on 1 From 1962 to 1984 he was editor of Science one of the most prestigious academic journals and served as its acting executive officer in 1974 1975 and 1984 From 1972 until 1974 he served as the president of the American Geophysical Union Abelson was outspoken and well known for his opinions on science In a 1964 editorial published in Science magazine Abelson identified overspecialization in science as a form of bigotry He outlined his view that the pressure towards specialization beginning in undergraduate study and intensifying in PhD programs leads students to believe that their area of specialization is the most important even to the extreme view that other intellectual pursuits are worthless He reasoned that such overspecialization led to obsolescence of one s work often through a focus on trivial aspects of a field and that avoidance of such bigotry was essential to guiding the direction of one s work 5 In a 1965 article he described his work in paleobiology and reported evidence of amino acids recovered from fossils hundreds of millions of years in age and fatty acids in rocks dating over a billion years old 1 He estimated that based on his experiments alanine would be stable for billions of years 6 Abelson may have been the original source of the phrase extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence which he used in 1978 and was subsequently popularised by Carl Sagan 7 8 9 Perhaps his most famous work from this time period is an editorial entitled Enough of Pessimism enough of pessimism it only leads to paralysis and decay This became the title of a 100 essay collection 10 During the 1970s he became interested in the problem of world energy supplies Books on the topic include Energy for Tomorrow 1975 from a series of lectures at the University of Washington and Energy II Use Conservation and Supply He pointed out the possibilities of mining the Athabascan tar sands as well as oil shale in the Colorado Rockies In addition he urged conservation and a change of attitude towards public transit 11 After 1984 he remained associated with the magazine Some have claimed him to be an early skeptic of the case for global warming on the basis of a lead editorial in the magazine dated March 31 1990 in which he wrote I f the global warming situation is analyzed applying the customary standards of scientific inquiry one must conclude that there has been more hype than solid fact However this contrasts what is said in a US National Research Council Energy and Environment report on which his name appears along with Thomas F Malone over a decade earlier in 1977 What is important is not that there are differences in the models but that the span of agreement embraces a fourfold to eightfold increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the latter part of the twenty second century Our best understanding of the relation between an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and change in global temperature suggests a corresponding increase in average world temperature of more than 6 C with polar temperature increases of as much as three times this figure This would exceed by far the temperature fluctuations of the past several thousand years and would very likely along the way have a highly significant impact on global precipitation Philip H Abelson Thomas F Malone Cochairmen Geophysics Study Committee 12 Abelson died on August 1 2004 from respiratory complications following a brief illness He was married to Neva Abelson a distinguished research physician who co discovered the Rh blood factor test with L K Diamond Their daughter Ellen Abelson Cherniavsky worked as an aviation researcher for the MITRE corporation in Virginia Awards and legacy editAbelson received many distinguished awards including the National Medal of Science in 1987 13 the National Science Foundation s Distinguished Achievement Award the American Medical Association s Scientific Achievement Award the Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Medal and the Waldo E Smith Medal in 1988 In 1992 he was awarded the Public Welfare Medal the National Academy of Sciences s highest honor 14 He was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 1949 15 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1958 16 He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1961 17 The mineral abelsonite is named after Abelson in recognition of his contribution to organic geochemistry 18 The Philip and Neva Abelson Hall at Washington State University was named in his honor 19 The AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize is named after Philip Abelson Bibliography edit The International Society of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology International Achievement Award Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 21 2 325 1995 doi 10 1006 rtph 1995 1046 PMID 7644722 Abelson PH 1994 Need for Enhanced Nuclear Safeguards Science 263 5153 1543 Bibcode 1994Sci 263 1543A doi 10 1126 science 263 5153 1543 PMID 17744766 Abelson PH 1988 Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuels in Nevada Science 239 4838 333 Bibcode 1988Sci 239 333A doi 10 1126 science 239 4838 333 PMID 17836854 Abelson PH 1982 Efforts to Decrease Nuclear Tensions Science 218 4571 427 Bibcode 1982Sci 218 427A doi 10 1126 science 218 4571 427 PMID 17808527 Abelson PH 1976 Glamorous Nuclear Fusion Science 193 4250 279 Bibcode 1976Sci 193 279A doi 10 1126 science 193 4250 279 PMID 17745713 Abelson PH 1976 A Global Rush Toward Nuclear Energy Science 191 4230 901 Bibcode 1976Sci 191 901A doi 10 1126 science 191 4230 901 PMID 17792689 Abelson PH 1968 Nuclear Power Rosy Optimism and Harsh Reality Science 161 3837 113 Bibcode 1968Sci 161 113A doi 10 1126 science 161 3837 113 PMID 17770587 Abelson PH 1966 Factors Favoring Nuclear Power Science 152 3723 703 Bibcode 1966Sci 152 703A doi 10 1126 science 152 3723 703 PMID 17797430 Abelson PH 1964 Conventional versus Nuclear Power Science 146 3645 719 Bibcode 1964Sci 146 721A doi 10 1126 science 146 3645 719 PMID 17729992 See also editNuclear marine propulsion Submarine launched ballistic missileNotes edit a b c d e Hoiberg Dale H ed 2010 Abelson Philip Hauge Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol I A ak Bayes 15th ed Chicago Illinois Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc pp 26 27 ISBN 978 1 59339 837 8 Philip Abelson 1939 Cleavage of the Uranium Nucleus Physical Review 55 4 418 Bibcode 1939PhRv 55 418A doi 10 1103 PhysRev 55 418 NRL History Phil Abelson The Atomic Age U S Naval Research Laboratory Retrieved 2022 09 24 Underway on Nuclear Power The Man Behind the Words Eugene P Dennis Wilkinson Vice Admiral USN The American Nuclear Society Philip H Abelson 1964 Bigotry in Science Science 144 3617 1964 Bibcode 1964Sci 144 371A doi 10 1126 science 144 3617 371 PMID 17799957 Philip Abelson 1965 Paleobiochemistry Scientific American 195 1 83 92 Bibcode 1956SciAm 195a 83A doi 10 1038 scientificamerican0756 83 Sagan Carl December 14 1980 Encyclopaedia Galactica Cosmos A Personal Voyage Episode 12 01 24 minutes in PBS A Stepchild of Science Starts to Win Friends U S News amp World Report 1978 07 31 pp 41 42 Archived from the original on January 21 2017 Retrieved 2017 10 14 Philip H Abelson editor of the authoritative journal Science agrees that parapsychological research has improved markedly but he is dubious about the results These extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence he contends Rao K R 1978 Psi Its place in nature Journal of Parapsychology vol 42 Philip H Abelson 1985 Enough of Pessimism American Association for the Advancement of Science ISBN 0 87168 274 5 Philip H Abelson 1975 Energy for Tomorrow University of Washington Press ISBN 0 295 95413 2 Energy and Climate Studies in Geophysics 1977 National Research Council Forward National Science Foundation The President s National Medal of Science Public Welfare Award National Academy of Sciences Retrieved 18 February 2011 APS Fellows archive APS Retrieved 22 September 2020 Book of Members 1780 2010 Chapter A PDF American Academy of Arts and Sciences Retrieved 20 March 2011 APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved 2022 11 22 Milton Charles Dwornik Edward J Estep Barnes Patricia A Finkelman Robert B Pabst Adolf Palmer Susan September October 1978 Abelsonite Nickel Porphyrin A New Mineral from the Green River Formation Utah PDF American Mineralogist 63 9 10 930 Science Hall renamed for Philip Neva Abelson WSU NEWS August 23 2002 Retrieved 26 October 2017 References editKennedy D 2004 In memoriam Philip Hauge Abelson 1913 2004 Science 305 5685 765 doi 10 1126 science 305 5685 765 PMID 15297640 S2CID 178700248 Further reading editGibbons JH 2005 Philip Hauge Abelson Physics Today 58 4 80 81 Bibcode 2005PhT 58d 80G doi 10 1063 1 1955495 External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Philip Abelson 2002 Video Interview with Philip Abelson by Cynthia C Kelly Voices of the Manhattan Project 1965 Audio Interview with Philip Abelson by Stephane Groueff Voices of the Manhattan Project History of the UNFCCC demonstrating that in 1977 Abelson believed in a CO2 climate link Encyclopaedia Britannica Philip Abelson Annotated bibliography for Philip Abelson from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues Cleavage of the Uranium Nucleus Physical Review Received February 3 1939 Oral History interview transcript with Philip Abelson 19 June 2002 American Institute of Physics Niels Bohr Library and Archives Oral History interview transcript with Philip Abelson 26 June 2002 American Institute of Physics Niels Bohr Library and Archives Oral History interview transcript with Philip Abelson 2 July 2002 American Institute of Physics Niels Bohr Library and Archives Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Philip Abelson amp oldid 1146661573, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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