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Petty nobility

April 18, 2024

The minor or petty nobility is the lower nobility classes.

Finland edit

Further information: Finnish nobility

Petty nobility in Finland is dated at least back to the 13th century and was formed by nobles around their strategic interests. The idea was more capable peasants with leader roles in the local community that were given tax exemption for taking care of services like guard duties of local strongholds. Cavalry service was not required from these petty noble families. Later on, many of these petty noble families gained full nobility ranking.

Finnish Vehkalahti is particularly noted in literature for having been an example of such petty nobility (Finnish: knaappiaateli).

Germany edit

Further information: German nobility

The Niederer Adel that held legal privileges until 1918 greater than those enjoyed by commoners, but less than those enjoyed by the Hochadel, were considered part of the lower nobility or Niederer Adel. Most were untitled, only making use of the particle von in their surnames.

Hungary edit

Common nobility (Hungarian: Köznemesség, Latin: Nobiles) is defined as any noble, with a lower title than a baron, while those of higher rank are called Arch-nobles (főúr or főnemes). Along with High priests, these were the three estates of the medieval estate societies. They evolved from Royal servants, Castle serfs, and Armal nobles (Hungarian: Armális nemes, means a noble posessing an armális).[1][2] Ten-lanced nobles were technically also part of this group. Later, in the 14th-15th centuries many have become Affleunt Landed nobles (Latin: nobiles benepossessionati) who usually had 4-10 villages. Thanks to the large number of people obtaining land and/or noble title if they have achieved military success, in the 18th century, the country was also known as the Country of the Many Nobles, since the proportion of nobility among Hungarians could reach 8% (compare to 0,5% in France).

Although the privileges of the nobles and agilis (a serf married to a noblewoman) were taken away in the Revolution of 1848, they played an important role in the country's history afterwards. The fact that politics and the intelligentsia were largely made up of common and arch- nobility until the first half of the 20th century, allowed the country to undergo a stable Industrial Revolution. The Latin names are available because Latin was the language of legislation from the reign of Stephen I until the Era of Civil Reforms of Hungary. The gentry (Hungarian: Kisnemes) were part of this group but had small feudal manors (Jobbágytelek) later developed into the gentries of capitalist society. They usually only had 3 feudal manors. Their subcategories are:

  • Ecclesiastical nobles (Hungarian: Egyházi nemes, Latin: preadium)
  • Landed nobles(Hungarian: Birtokos nemes): nobles with at least one feudal manor
  • Egytelkes nobility: also called kurialists with "kúria" meaning manor. They have only one feudal manor, on which they work by themselves.
  • Armal nobles: a nobilified serf, who had land in someone elses feudal manor and had to pay taxes. This is the lowest level of nobility. They were mostly served by one or two zsellér (inquilinus).

They name hétszilvafás "having only seven plum trees" referred to impoverished nobles or armal nobles, signifying the size of their land and were considered to be below the gentry. They were also called bocskoros nemes, since the symbolic difference is that wealthy people wore boots, while poorer people wore a footwear called bocskor.

While the word közbírtok (Latin: compossessoratus) means the territory shared by the serfs, közbirtokos nemes refers to nobles who cultivate a territory together, without hierarchy. This type usually developed in the frontiers.

Due to the civic changes of the 19th century, they were either absorbed into the peasantry or the intellectual class. In the Habsburg era, their number was 125 000.

Someone above Petty nobility is called a Középnemes (Middle-noble). In Hungary, the civic transformation was led mainly by the liberal middle-nobility. The middle-nobles are defined as someone with 100-1000 holds (1 Hungarian hold equals 3586,25 m²) of land.

Poland edit

The nobility (szlachta) of Poland included petty nobility known as drobna szlachta. These were owners of a part of a village or owning no land at all, often referred to by a variety of colourful Polish terms such as:

  • szaraczkowa – grey nobility, from their grey, woollen, uncoloured żupans
  • okoliczna – local nobility, similar to zaściankowa
  • zagrodowa – from zagroda, a farm, often little different from a peasant's dwelling
  • zagonowa – from zagon, a small unit of land measure, hide nobility
  • cząstkowa – partial, owners of only part of a single village
  • panek – little pan (i.e., lordling), term used in Kaszuby, the Kashubian region, also one of the legal terms for legally separated lower nobility in late medieval and early modern Poland
  • hreczkosiej – buckwheat sowers – those who had to work their fields themselves.
  • zaściankowa – from zaścianek, a name for plural nobility settlement, neighbourhood nobility. Just like hreczkosiej, zaściankowa nobility would have no peasants.
  • brukowa – cobble nobility, for those living in towns like townsfolk
  • gołota – naked nobility, i.e., the landless. Gołota szlachta would be considered the 'lowest of the high'.
  • półpanek ("half-lord"); also podpanek/pidpanek ("sub-lord") in Podolia and Ukrainian accent[3] – a petty szlachcic pretending to be wealthy.

Serbia edit

Further information: Serbian nobility in the Middle Ages

The nobility (vlastela) of Serbia in the Middle Ages is roughly divided into magnates (velikaši), nobility (vlastela) and petty noblemen (vlasteličići). Sometimes, the division is made between vlastela (including "great" and "small" ones) and vlasteličići.

The vlasteličići (властеличићи) were the lower nobility class of Serbia.[4] It was a relatively numerous class of the small, warrior nobility, originating from the vojnici (warriors) from sources from the end of the 12th- and beginning of the 13th century.[5] They held villages, with full rights,[4] and in socioeconomic and legal terms stood below the vlastela.[6] They had military obligations, such as joining the army individually or with a group of men (soldiers), dependent on their wealth.[7]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "főnemes | A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára | Kézikönyvtár". www.arcanum.com (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  2. ^ "köznemesség – Magyar Katolikus Lexikon". lexikon.katolikus.hu. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  3. ^ Lwów i Wilno / [publ. by J. Godlewski]. (1948) nr 98
  4. ^ a b Ćirković, Sima; Mihaljčić, Rade (1999). Лексикон српског средњег века. Knowledge. pp. 91–92. ISBN 9788683233014.
  5. ^ Šarkić, Srđan (1996). Srednjovekovno srpsko pravo. Matica srpska. p. 27. ISBN 9788636303696.
  6. ^ Janković, Dragoslav (1961). Istorija države i prava feudalne Srbije, XII-XV vek. Naućna knjiga. p. 46.
  7. ^ Nikola Stijepović (1954). Srpska feudalna vojska. p. 50.

April 18, 2024
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The minor or petty nobility is the lower nobility classes Contents 1 Finland 2 Germany 3 Hungary 4 Poland 5 Serbia 6 See also 7 ReferencesFinland editFurther information Finnish nobility Petty nobility in Finland is dated at least back to the 13th century and was formed by nobles around their strategic interests The idea was more capable peasants with leader roles in the local community that were given tax exemption for taking care of services like guard duties of local strongholds Cavalry service was not required from these petty noble families Later on many of these petty noble families gained full nobility ranking Finnish Vehkalahti is particularly noted in literature for having been an example of such petty nobility Finnish knaappiaateli Germany editFurther information German nobility The Niederer Adel that held legal privileges until 1918 greater than those enjoyed by commoners but less than those enjoyed by the Hochadel were considered part of the lower nobility or Niederer Adel Most were untitled only making use of the particle von in their surnames Hungary editCommon nobility Hungarian Koznemesseg Latin Nobiles is defined as any noble with a lower title than a baron while those of higher rank are called Arch nobles four or fonemes Along with High priests these were the three estates of the medieval estate societies They evolved from Royal servants Castle serfs and Armal nobles Hungarian Armalis nemes means a noble posessing an armalis 1 2 Ten lanced nobles were technically also part of this group Later in the 14th 15th centuries many have become Affleunt Landed nobles Latin nobiles benepossessionati who usually had 4 10 villages Thanks to the large number of people obtaining land and or noble title if they have achieved military success in the 18th century the country was also known as the Country of the Many Nobles since the proportion of nobility among Hungarians could reach 8 compare to 0 5 in France Although the privileges of the nobles and agilis a serf married to a noblewoman were taken away in the Revolution of 1848 they played an important role in the country s history afterwards The fact that politics and the intelligentsia were largely made up of common and arch nobility until the first half of the 20th century allowed the country to undergo a stable Industrial Revolution The Latin names are available because Latin was the language of legislation from the reign of Stephen I until the Era of Civil Reforms of Hungary The gentry Hungarian Kisnemes were part of this group but had small feudal manors Jobbagytelek later developed into the gentries of capitalist society They usually only had 3 feudal manors Their subcategories are Ecclesiastical nobles Hungarian Egyhazi nemes Latin preadium Landed nobles Hungarian Birtokos nemes nobles with at least one feudal manor Egytelkes nobility also called kurialists with kuria meaning manor They have only one feudal manor on which they work by themselves Armal nobles a nobilified serf who had land in someone elses feudal manor and had to pay taxes This is the lowest level of nobility They were mostly served by one or two zseller inquilinus They name hetszilvafas having only seven plum trees referred to impoverished nobles or armal nobles signifying the size of their land and were considered to be below the gentry They were also called bocskoros nemes since the symbolic difference is that wealthy people wore boots while poorer people wore a footwear called bocskor While the word kozbirtok Latin compossessoratus means the territory shared by the serfs kozbirtokos nemes refers to nobles who cultivate a territory together without hierarchy This type usually developed in the frontiers Due to the civic changes of the 19th century they were either absorbed into the peasantry or the intellectual class In the Habsburg era their number was 125 000 Someone above Petty nobility is called a Kozepnemes Middle noble In Hungary the civic transformation was led mainly by the liberal middle nobility The middle nobles are defined as someone with 100 1000 holds 1 Hungarian hold equals 3586 25 m of land Poland editThe nobility szlachta of Poland included petty nobility known as drobna szlachta These were owners of a part of a village or owning no land at all often referred to by a variety of colourful Polish terms such as szaraczkowa grey nobility from their grey woollen uncoloured zupans okoliczna local nobility similar to zasciankowa zagrodowa from zagroda a farm often little different from a peasant s dwelling zagonowa from zagon a small unit of land measure hide nobility czastkowa partial owners of only part of a single village panek little pan i e lordling term used in Kaszuby the Kashubian region also one of the legal terms for legally separated lower nobility in late medieval and early modern Poland hreczkosiej buckwheat sowers those who had to work their fields themselves zasciankowa from zascianek a name for plural nobility settlement neighbourhood nobility Just like hreczkosiej zasciankowa nobility would have no peasants brukowa cobble nobility for those living in towns like townsfolk golota naked nobility i e the landless Golota szlachta would be considered the lowest of the high polpanek half lord also podpanek pidpanek sub lord in Podolia and Ukrainian accent 3 a petty szlachcic pretending to be wealthy Serbia editFurther information Serbian nobility in the Middle Ages The nobility vlastela of Serbia in the Middle Ages is roughly divided into magnates velikasi nobility vlastela and petty noblemen vlastelicici Sometimes the division is made between vlastela including great and small ones and vlastelicici The vlastelicici vlastelichiћi were the lower nobility class of Serbia 4 It was a relatively numerous class of the small warrior nobility originating from the vojnici warriors from sources from the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century 5 They held villages with full rights 4 and in socioeconomic and legal terms stood below the vlastela 6 They had military obligations such as joining the army individually or with a group of men soldiers dependent on their wealth 7 See also editLanded gentry Polish landed gentry YeomanReferences edit fonemes A magyar nyelv ertelmezo szotara Kezikonyvtar www arcanum com in Hungarian Retrieved 2024 04 07 koznemesseg Magyar Katolikus Lexikon lexikon katolikus hu Retrieved 2024 04 07 Lwow i Wilno publ by J Godlewski 1948 nr 98 a b Cirkovic Sima Mihaljcic Rade 1999 Leksikon srpskog sredњeg veka Knowledge pp 91 92 ISBN 9788683233014 Sarkic Srđan 1996 Srednjovekovno srpsko pravo Matica srpska p 27 ISBN 9788636303696 Jankovic Dragoslav 1961 Istorija drzave i prava feudalne Srbije XII XV vek Naucna knjiga p 46 Nikola Stijepovic 1954 Srpska feudalna vojska p 50 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Petty nobility amp oldid 1219338489, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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