Pedasí District

For the town of Pedasí, see Pedasí, Panama.

Pedasí (Spanish pronunciation: [peðaˈsi]) is one of five districts of the Los Santos Province, Panama.

Pedasí District
District
Playa El Arenal, Pedasí, Los Santos
Coat of arms
Pedasí District Location of the district capital in Panama
Coordinates: 7°33′N 80°1′W / 7.550°N 80.017°W / 7.550; -80.017
Country	Panama
Province	Los Santos Province
Capital	Pedasí
Area
• Total	146.1 sq mi (378.3 km^2)
Population  (2020)^[1]
• Total	4,696
• Density	32.2/sq mi (12.42/km^2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (ETZ)

History

Human settlement in the Azuero peninsula where Pedasí is located dates back anywhere from 11,000 years^[2] to 4500 years ago based on pre-Columbian artifacts and other archaeological evidence recovered from various sites on the peninsula.^[3] Spanish colonizers arrived in the 16th century, largely wiping out or displacing existing indigenous populations.^[4]

The district of Pedasí was created in 1840, when Panama was still tenuously united with Colombia (see the History of Panama for more background). At the time, it was a division of the County of Los Santos (today the province of Los Santos), in the Province of Panama (which covered all of present-day Panama, except for the provinces of Veraguas and Bocas del Toro). The population of Pedasí in 1845 was 701 inhabitants.^[5]

Since then, the land of the Pedasí district has been used extensively for cattle farming; the cultivation of sorghum, corn, cantaloupe, rice and watermelon; and the coastal villages support a small fishing industry.^[6]

Geography

The Pedasí district covers an area of 378.3 square kilometers.^[7] It was once home to one of Panama's few swaths of dry tropical forest;^[8] however, the area underwent heavy deforestation to make room for cattle pastures during the Spanish colonial era, leaving many of the hills and lowlands denuded. Some 70 hectares of dry tropical forest remain intact in the grounds surrounding the Achotines Laboratory in Pedasí, with another 50 hectares undergoing restoration.^[9]

Administrative divisions

 

A yellow-headed caracara in flight in Pedasí, Panama

Pedasí District is divided administratively into the following corregimientos:^[10]

1. Purio
2. Mariabe
3. Pedasí (municipal seat)
4. Los Asientos
5. Oria Arriba

Pedasí is located at the eastern tip of the Azuero Peninsula on Panama's Pacific Coast. The birthplace of the first woman president of Panama, Mireya Moscoso, its picturesque and hilly landscape have drawn comparisons to regions like Tuscany, Italy.^[11]

Climate

Pedasí is part of a region known as the "arco seco", or the dry Pacific arc^[12] due to the relatively little rainfall it receives during its summer (January to April) compared to the rest of Panama.^[13] Average temperatures are 25-27 degrees Celsius year round.^[14]

Demographics

The population of the Pedasí district is 3864 inhabitants according to a 2004 census.^[15]

Economy

Traditionally the domain of cattle ranches, agriculture and small fishing villages, the Pedasí district is now attracting the attention of tourism.^[16] The area offers extensive sport-fishing, scuba diving, surfing, and birdwatching. Pedasí has had celebrity visits by the likes of Mick Jagger,^[17] Sylvester Stallone, Sean Connery, Mel Gibson and Tobey Maguire and Bryon Beckwith.^[18]

 

A view on Playa Venao in the district of Pedasí, province of Los Santos, Panama, from the surrounding hills.

Attractions

The Pedasí district borders on the Pacific Ocean to the south and east, with several sandy and rocky beaches along its coast.

List of Beaches in the Pedasí District:^{[19][20][21][22]}

 

El Cirial beach, on Isla Iguana, owes its powdery white sands to an extensive coral reef surrounding the island.

• Punta Tigre
• El Rincón/Rinconcito
• Mariabé
• El Arenal
• El Faro (Isla Iguana)
• El Cirial (Isla Iguana)
• El Toro
• La Garita
• Lagarto
• El Lanchón
• Punta Mala
• El Cascajal
• Los Destiladeros
• Indio Viejo
• Puerto Escondido
• Ano/Los Panamaes
• la Miel
• Oria
• Punta Chumico
• Achotines Bay
• El Ciruelo
• Playa Venao/Venado
• Madroñon
• Raya

Surfing

Pedasí's coast offers a variety of breaks for surfers. The most popular of these is Playa Venao (also known as Playa Venado), at Pedasí's western end, which was chosen for the 2007 Central American Surf Championship.^[23] Venao has a reliable south swell, with left and right breaks over a sandy bottom. Nearby beaches Ciruelo, Madroño and Raya also offer good surf, with hollow tubes at all three under optimum conditions. Other surfing beaches in Pedasí include El Toro, with a left and right point break; El Lagarto, with left and right beach breaks; and Los Destiladeros, with several breaks.^[24]

Sport fishing

As the continental shelf drops sharply relatively close to shore, Pedasí's waters are chock full of pelagic game fish,^[25] with year-round catch including amberjack, Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus), cubera snapper (Lutjanus cyanopterus), roosterfish (Nematistius pectoralis) and grouper, while dorado (Coryphaena hippurus, commonly called mahi-mahi, or dolphinfish), both bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), and wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) are found seasonally, November through April.^[26]

 

A yellow-fin tuna at the Achiotines Laboratory.

The fishery rides deep ocean currents running close to shore — much of the fishing can be found within eight miles of the shoreline^[27] — making the area ideal for light-tackle, deep-sea fishing enthusiasts.

The Pedasí district also houses an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) (www.iattc.org) research laboratory, the Achotines Laboratory, where visitors can take educational tours of the breeding and testing facilities, gaining a glimpse of the stages of yellowfin tuna reproduction.^[28]

Wildlife Refuges

Isla Iguana Wildlife Refuge

Isla Iguana is an island wildlife refuge five kilometers, or a 20-minute boat ride, from Playa El Arenal. The 52-hectare island is surrounded by an extensive coral reef, which gives it two powdery-soft white sand beaches: Playa El Cirial (252 meters long) and Playita del Faro (37 meters long).

It is also home to more than 62 bird species, and the largest nesting site in Panama for the magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens), with a population of more than 5000. The island also houses several reptile species, including the black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) for which the island is named.

The refuge also comprises a 40-hectare marine area — including migrating humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) between June and October — and one of the largest well-preserved coral reefs in Panama, ideal for snorkeling and scuba diving. Visitors to the reefs can expect to see a variety of fish, rays, eels, and sea turtles.

Entrance to the refuge is $4 for Panamanian nationals, $10 for foreigners, and $2 for seniors and students. Children under 12 enter free of charge.^[29]

Pablo Arturio Barrios Wildlife Refuge

The Pablo Arturio Barrios Wildlife Refuge extends 22 kilometers along Pedasí's coast from Punta Mala to the Purio River mouth. With a total area of 30 hectares, this marine ecosystem dunes, mangroves, dry tropical forest, estuaries, and the beaches of El Rincón, Punta El Tigre, Mariabé, El Arenal, El Toro, La Garita and El Lagarto^[30] The marine area facing Isla Iguana is also protected, with only artisanal fishing allowed in its waters.

The refuge is considered an important bird habitat,^[31] home to egrets, herons and cormorants among others.^[32]

Isla Cañas Wildlife Refugee

Isla Cañas is on the border of the Pedasí district, in the Tonosí district. This 832-hectare island is Panama's most important turtle-nesting site. Its 13-kilometer beach can receive hundreds of female turtles in a single night during nesting season. Five of Panama's marine turtles nest on Isla Cañas: olive ridley, green turtle, hawksbill turtle, loggerhead sea turtle and the leatherback turtle. All of these species, with the exception of the olive ridley, are endangered or critically endangered. The island's 800 or so inhabitants have an accord with the Panamanian government to protect the nesting sites, while also harvesting the turtle eggs in an ostensibly sustainable manner.

The island is fringed with mangroves, and has several stands of red, white and black mangrove species, which play an important role in the life cycles of shrimp and commercial fish species.^[33]

Culture

Pedasí's townspeople are laid-back, friendly, and regularly greet visitors with a smile. Men can often be seen wearing cuttarras (traditional sandals) and the region's folkloric black and white hats; women, during festivals and carnivals, don polleras, traditional hand-stitched multi-layered dresses, some of which can take nearly a year to complete. During local fiestas the women adorn their polleras with ornate jewelry and gold chains.^[34]

Carnival

Carnival is the annual high point of local life in Pedasí, which is renowned for the most exuberant celebration after Las Tablas. The town divides itself into two factions, Calle Abajo (lower street) and Calle Arriba (upper street), with their respective queens, each trying to outdo the other with floats, music and fireworks. At the end of the celebration, the winning queen is chosen by popular vote.^[35]

Pedasí also celebrates the fiesta of Santa Catalina (St Catherine's Day) on November 25^[36] (see also: Calendar of saints).

Architecture

The area's local architecture is a combination of Spanish colonial and modern day masonry block.

References

1. "Pedasí (District, Panama) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
2. Wright, S.J. and Samaniego, M.J. 2008. "Historical, Demographic, and Economic Correlates of Land-Use Change in the Republic of Panama", Ecology and Society. Retrieved Feb 16 2009.
3. Calvo, A.C. 2008. Historia General de Panamá (General History of Panama), p.10, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Retrieved Feb 16 2009.
4. Calvo, A.C. 2008. Historia General de Panamá (General History of Panama), p.49, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Retrieved Feb 16 2009.
5. "Algunas Características de la División Política-Administrativa de la Republica por Provincia, Comarca Indígena y Distrito: Año 2004"(Some Details of the Political-Administrative Division of the Republic by Province, Native Territory and District: Year 2004), Panama Comptroller General. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 12 2009.
6. Documento Marco para la Elaboración del Plan para Controlar el Sídrome Pulmonar por Hanta Virus (SPH)(Framework Document for the Development of the Plan to Control the Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), Panama Ministry of Health, National Health Policy Bureau, Department of Situation Analysis and Health Tendencies. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 17th 2009.
7. "Algunas Características de la División Política-Administrativa de la Republica por Provincia, Comarca Indígena y Distrito: Año 2004"(Some Details of the Political-Administrative Division of the Republic by Province, Native Territory and District: Year 2004), Panama Comptroller General. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 12 2009.
8. Peréz, R.; Deago, J (2001)"Flora Arbórea del Bosque Seco de los Terrenos del Laboratorio Achotines en la Provincia de Los Santos, Panamá"(Arboreal Flora of the Dry Tropical Forest on the Grounds of the Achotines Laboratory in the Province of Los Santos, Panama),Biota Panama. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 12 2009.
9. "Achotines Laboratory", Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission]. Retrieved Feb 12 2009.
10. "Los Santos Province: Indicators of Human Development by district and township. Year 2000.", United Nations Development Program. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 12 2009
11. Jackson, N.B (2006). "Guest Book: A risk-taker with designs on Panama", International Herald Tribune. Retrieved Feb 12 2009
12. Wright, S.J. and Samaniego, M.J. 2008. "Historical, Demographic, and Economic Correlates of Land-Use Change in the Republic of Panama", Ecology and Society. Retrieved Feb 16 2009.
13. http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=208 Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Retrieved Feb 16 2009.
14. Wright, S.J. and Samaniego, M.J. 2008. "Historical, Demographic, and Economic Correlates of Land-Use Change in the Republic of Panama", Ecology and Society. Retrieved Feb 16 2009.
15. "Algunas Características de la División Política-Administrativa de la Republica por Provincia, Comarca Indígena y Distrito: Año 2004"(Some Details of the Political-Administrative Division of the Republic by Province, Native Territory and District: Year 2004), Panama Comptroller General. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 12 2009.
16. "Precarismo impide desarrollo en Azuero (Squatters Hinder Development in Azuero)", El Siglo. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 12 2009.
17. Machan, T. (2008) , Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved Feb 12 2009.
18. Velásquez, A. (2008) "Not Famous in Pedasí (En Pedasí no son famosos)", Panamá América. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 12 2009.
19. Cortés, A. (2006) "Alcalde de Pedasí corta cercas ubicadas en playas" (Pedasí Mayor Tears Down Beach Fences), Prensa.com. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 12 2009
20. "Ciudad de Los Santos (City of Los Santos)",Chitrenet (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 12 2009
21. Hanna, J. "Surfing and Windsurfing in Panama", PanamaInfo.com Retrieved Feb 12 2009
22. "Surf Pedasí", Private Panama Tours Retrieved Feb 12 2009.
23. "Costa Rica Wins Third Central American Surf Champ Title" Surfline. Retrieved Feb 17 2009.
24. Hanna, J. 2008 "Surfing and Windsurfing in Panama", PanamaInfo.com. Retrieved Feb 17 2009.
25. Panama Fishing Retrieved Feb 17 2009
26. Pedasi Fishing Retrieved Feb 17 2009
27. Castaneda, R. 2007 "Panama is Happening!" Cass Tours Retrieved Feb 17 2009
28. "Achotines Laboratory", Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission]. Retrieved Feb 12 2009.
29. Fundación Isla Iguana
30. Climaco, I.E. 2006. "National Parks of Panama: Pablo Arturio Barrios Wildlife Refuge", National Environmental Authority. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 17 2009.
31. Wright, S.J. and Samaniego, M.J. 2008. "Historical, Demographic, and Economic Correlates of Land-Use Change in the Republic of Panama", Ecology and Society. Retrieved Feb 16 2009.
32. Angehr, G. 2005. Final Report: Waterbirds in Panama, BirdLife International. Retrieved Feb 17 2009.
33. Climaco, I.E. 2006. "National Parks of Panama: Isla Cañas Wildlife Refuge", National Environmental Authority. (Spanish) Retrieved Feb 17 2009.
34. "About Los Santos Real Estate"
35. A Review of Panama Carnival 2008-12-03 at the Wayback Machine,^{[self-published source?]} Panama Travels. Retrieved Feb 17 2009.
36. "November Calendar of Holidays", Panama National Library. Retrieved Feb 17 2009.

7°33′N 80°1′W / 7.550°N 80.017°W / 7.550; -80.017