Soft rot in an onion caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum or Dickeya dadantii.
The species is a plant pathogen with a diverse host range, including many agriculturally and scientifically important plant species. It produces pectolytic enzymes that hydrolyze pectin between individual plant cells. This causes the cells to separate, a disease plant pathologists term bacterial soft rot. Specifically, it causes beet vascular necrosis and blackleg of potato and other vegetables (hence the name carotovora – "carrot-eater"), as well as slime flux on many different tree species.[1] Currently, there are four described subspecies of P. carotovorum (carotovorum, brasiliense, odoriferum, and actinidiae).[2]
This bacterium is a ubiquitous plant pathogen with a wide host range (carrot, potato, tomato, leafy greens, squash and other cucurbits, onion, green peppers, African violets, etc.), able to cause disease in almost any plant tissue it invades. It is a very economically important pathogen in terms of post-harvest losses, and a common cause of decay in stored fruits and vegetables. Decay caused by P. carotovora is often referred to as "bacterial soft rot" though this may also be caused by other bacteria. Most plants or plant parts can resist invasion by the bacteria, unless some type of wound is present. High humidity and temperatures around 30 °C favor development of decay. The cells become highly motile near this temperature (26 °C) when fructose is present.[3] Mutants can be produced which are less virulent. Virulence factors include: pectinases, cellulases, (which degrade plant cell walls), and also proteases, lipases, xylanases, and nucleases (along with the normal virulence factors for pathogens – Fe acquisition, LPS integrity, multiple global regulatory systems).
KENGAP, partners of the CABI-led programme, Plantwise have several recommendations for the management of P. carotovora including; washing hands and disinfecting tools regularly during and after harvesting, avoiding harvesting in warm and moist conditions. They also recommend frequent irrigation during head formation should be avoided to allow heads to dry and planting on ridges, raised beds or well drained soils prevents water logging around the plants.[4]
Plantwise partners also recommend thorough washing and disinfection of crates for to prevent post-harvest losses and that crop rotation with leguminous crops and cereals is practiced.[4][5]
Sources
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA (license statement/permission). Text taken from Plantwise Factsheets for Farmers: Bacterial Soft Rot on Brassica, KENGAP Horticulture, CABI. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA (license statement/permission). Text taken from PMDG: Bacterial soft rot on cabbage, Jonathan M. Gekone (MOALF), Stephen Koech (KALRO) and Miriam Otipa (KALRO), CABI. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use.
References
^ abToth, Ian K.; Bell, Kenneth S.; Holeva, Maria C.; Birch, Paul R. J. (1 January 2003). "Soft rot erwiniae: from genes to genomes". Molecular Plant Pathology. 4 (1): 17–30. doi:10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00149.x. PMID 20569359.
^Aizawa, Shin-Ichi (2014). "Pectobacterium carotovorum — Subpolar Hyper-Flagellation". The Flagellar World. Elsevier. pp. 58–59. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417234-0.00018-9. ISBN9780124172340.
^ ab"Plantwise Knowledge Bank | Bacterial Soft Rot on Brassica". www.plantwise.org. Retrieved 2020-06-10.
^"Plantwise Knowledge Bank | Bacterial soft rot on cabbage". www.plantwise.org. Retrieved 2020-06-10.
Further reading
Waleron, M; Waleron, K; Lojkowska, E (12 February 2014). "Characterization of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum causing soft rot of stored vegetables". European Journal of Plant Pathology. 139 (4 March 2014): 457–469. doi:10.1007/s10658-014-0403-z.
External links
Type strain of Pectobacterium carotovorum at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
January 29, 2023
pectobacterium, carotovorum, bacterium, family, pectobacteriaceae, used, member, genus, erwinia, slime, flux, camperdown, caused, scientific, classificationdomain, bacteriaphylum, pseudomonadotaclass, gammaproteobacteriaorder, enterobacteralesfamily, enterobac. Pectobacterium carotovorum is a bacterium of the family Pectobacteriaceae it used to be a member of the genus Erwinia 1 Pectobacterium carotovorumSlime flux on a Camperdown elm caused by Pectobacterium carotovorumScientific classificationDomain BacteriaPhylum PseudomonadotaClass GammaproteobacteriaOrder EnterobacteralesFamily EnterobacteriaceaeGenus PectobacteriumSpecies P carotovorumBinomial namePectobacterium carotovorum Jones 1901 Waldee 1945Subspecies Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp actinidiae Koh et al 2012 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp brasiliense Nabhan et al 2012 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp wasabiae Goto and Matsumoto 1987 Hauben et al 1999 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp atrosepticum van Hall 1902 Hauben et al 1999 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp carotovorum Jones 1901 Hauben et al 1999 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp odoriferum Gallois et al 1992 Hauben et al 1999 Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp betavasculorum Thomson et al 1984 Hauben et al 1999SynonymsErwinia carotovoraSoft rot in an onion caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum or Dickeya dadantii The species is a plant pathogen with a diverse host range including many agriculturally and scientifically important plant species It produces pectolytic enzymes that hydrolyze pectin between individual plant cells This causes the cells to separate a disease plant pathologists term bacterial soft rot Specifically it causes beet vascular necrosis and blackleg of potato and other vegetables hence the name carotovora carrot eater as well as slime flux on many different tree species 1 Currently there are four described subspecies of P carotovorum carotovorum brasiliense odoriferum and actinidiae 2 This bacterium is a ubiquitous plant pathogen with a wide host range carrot potato tomato leafy greens squash and other cucurbits onion green peppers African violets etc able to cause disease in almost any plant tissue it invades It is a very economically important pathogen in terms of post harvest losses and a common cause of decay in stored fruits and vegetables Decay caused by P carotovora is often referred to as bacterial soft rot though this may also be caused by other bacteria Most plants or plant parts can resist invasion by the bacteria unless some type of wound is present High humidity and temperatures around 30 C favor development of decay The cells become highly motile near this temperature 26 C when fructose is present 3 Mutants can be produced which are less virulent Virulence factors include pectinases cellulases which degrade plant cell walls and also proteases lipases xylanases and nucleases along with the normal virulence factors for pathogens Fe acquisition LPS integrity multiple global regulatory systems Contents 1 Management 2 Sources 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksManagement EditKENGAP partners of the CABI led programme Plantwise have several recommendations for the management of P carotovora including washing hands and disinfecting tools regularly during and after harvesting avoiding harvesting in warm and moist conditions They also recommend frequent irrigation during head formation should be avoided to allow heads to dry and planting on ridges raised beds or well drained soils prevents water logging around the plants 4 Plantwise partners also recommend thorough washing and disinfection of crates for to prevent post harvest losses and that crop rotation with leguminous crops and cereals is practiced 4 5 Sources Edit This article incorporates text from a free content work Licensed under CC BY SA license statement permission Text taken from Plantwise Factsheets for Farmers Bacterial Soft Rot on Brassica KENGAP Horticulture CABI To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles please see this how to page For information on reusing text from Wikipedia please see the terms of use This article incorporates text from a free content work Licensed under CC BY SA license statement permission Text taken from PMDG Bacterial soft rot on cabbage Jonathan M Gekone MOALF Stephen Koech KALRO and Miriam Otipa KALRO CABI To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles please see this how to page For information on reusing text from Wikipedia please see the terms of use References Edit a b Toth Ian K Bell Kenneth S Holeva Maria C Birch Paul R J 1 January 2003 Soft rot erwiniae from genes to genomes Molecular Plant Pathology 4 1 17 30 doi 10 1046 j 1364 3703 2003 00149 x PMID 20569359 Li Lei Yuan Lifang Shi Yanxia Xie Xuewen Chai Ali Wang Qi Li Baoju 2019 Comparative genomic analysis of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp brasiliense SX309 provides novel insights into its genetic and phenotypic features BMC Genomics 20 1 486 doi 10 1186 s12864 019 5831 x ISSN 1471 2164 PMC 6567464 PMID 31195968 Aizawa Shin Ichi 2014 Pectobacterium carotovorum Subpolar Hyper Flagellation The Flagellar World Elsevier pp 58 59 doi 10 1016 b978 0 12 417234 0 00018 9 ISBN 9780124172340 a b Plantwise Knowledge Bank Bacterial Soft Rot on Brassica www plantwise org Retrieved 2020 06 10 Plantwise Knowledge Bank Bacterial soft rot on cabbage www plantwise org Retrieved 2020 06 10 Further reading EditWaleron M Waleron K Lojkowska E 12 February 2014 Characterization of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp odoriferum causing soft rot of stored vegetables European Journal of Plant Pathology 139 4 March 2014 457 469 doi 10 1007 s10658 014 0403 z External links EditType strain of Pectobacterium carotovorum at BacDive the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pectobacterium carotovorum amp oldid 1124414924, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
